Giải hệ phương trình \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{x^2} + {y^2} - xy = 13\\x + y - \sqrt {xy}  = 3.\end{array} \right.\)

Hệ phương trình 

\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
{\left( {x + y} \right)^2} - 3xy = 13\\
x + y - \sqrt {xy} = 3
\end{array} \right.\)

Đặt \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}u = x + y\\v = \sqrt {xy} \end{array} \right.(v \ge 0)\) ta được hệ phương trình

\(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u^2} - 3{v^2} = 13\\u - v = 3\end{array} \right.\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
v = u - 3\\
{u^2} - 3{\left( {u - 3} \right)^2} = 13
\end{array} \right. \) \(\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
v = u - 3\\
- 2{u^2} + 18u - 40 = 0
\end{array} \right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow  \left\{ \begin{array}{l} v =u- 3\\{u^2} - 9u + 20 = 0\end{array} \right.\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
v = u - 3\\
\left[ \begin{array}{l}
u = 5\\
u = 4
\end{array} \right.
\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
u = 5,v = 2\\
u = 4,v = 1
\end{array} \right.\)

TH1: \(u = 5,v = 2\) ta được:

\(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}x + y = 5\\\sqrt {xy}  = 2\end{array} \right.\)\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}x + y = 5\\xy = 4\end{array} \right.\) \( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}y = 5 - x\\x\left( {5 - x} \right) = 4\end{array} \right.\) \( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}y = 5 - x\\{x^2} - 5x + 4 = 0\end{array} \right.\)  \( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}y = 5 - x\\\left[ \begin{array}{l}x = 1\\x = 4\end{array} \right.\end{array} \right.\) \( \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = 1,y = 4\\x = 4,y = 1\end{array} \right.\)

TH2: \(u = 4,v = 1\) ta được:

\(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}x + y = 4\\\sqrt {xy}  = 1\end{array} \right.\)\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}x + y = 4\\xy = 1\end{array} \right.\) \( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}y = 4 - x\\x\left( {4 - x} \right) = 1\end{array} \right.\) \( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}y = 4 - x\\{x^2} - 4x + 1 = 0\end{array} \right.\)  \( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}y = 4 - x\\\left[ \begin{array}{l}x = 2 - \sqrt 3 \\x = 2 + \sqrt 3 \end{array} \right.\end{array} \right.\) \( \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = 2 - \sqrt 3 ,y = 2 + \sqrt 3 \\x = 2 + \sqrt 3 ,y = 2 - \sqrt 3 \end{array} \right.\)

Vậy hệ phương trình đã cho có bốn nghiệm là

\((4;1);(1;4);\) \((2 - \sqrt 3 ;2 + \sqrt 3 );(2 + \sqrt 3 ;2 - \sqrt 3 )\).