Một tấm kẽm hình vuông ABCD có cạnh bằng 30cm . Người ta gập tấm kẽm theo hai cạnh EF và GH cho đến khi AD và BC trùng nhau như hình vẽ bên để được một hình lăng trụ khuyết hai đáy.
Giá trị của x để thể tích khối lăng trụ lớn nhất là:
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Lời giải:
Báo saiĐường cao lăng trụ là AD = AB= 30cm không đổi. Để thể tích lăng trụ lớn nhất chỉ cần diện tích đáy lớn nhất.
Gọi I là trung điểm cạnh EG \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyO0H4Taam % yqaiaadMeacqGHLkIxcaWGfbGaam4raaaa!3D2C! \Rightarrow AI \bot EG\) trong tam giác AEG
Khi đó \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamysaiaadE % eacqGH9aqpcaaIXaGaaGynaiabgkHiTiaadIhacaGGSaaaaa!3CA8! IG = 15 - x,\)\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca % aIWaGaeyipaWJaamiEaiabgYda8iaaigdacaaI1aaacaGLOaGaayzk % aaaaaa!3CB6! \left( {0 < x < 15} \right)\)
Có \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiaadM % eacqGH9aqpdaGcaaqaaiaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGH % sisldaqadaqaamaalaaabaGaaG4maiaaicdacqGHsislcaaIYaGaam % iEaaqaaiaaikdaaaaacaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaa % aaqabaGccqGH9aqpdaGcaaqaaiaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaa % GccqGHsisldaqadaqaaiaaigdacaaI1aGaeyOeI0IaamiEaaGaayjk % aiaawMcaamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaeqaaaaa!4CA8! AI = \sqrt {{x^2} - {{\left( {\frac{{30 - 2x}}{2}} \right)}^2}} = \sqrt {{x^2} - {{\left( {15 - x} \right)}^2}} \) \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyypa0ZaaO % aaaeaacaaIZaGaaGimaiaadIhacqGHsislcaaIYaGaaGOmaiaaiwda % aSqabaGccaGGSaGaaGPaVlaadIhacqGHiiIZdaqadaqaamaalaaaba % GaaGymaiaaiwdaaeaacaaIYaaaaiaacUdacaaIXaGaaGynaaGaayjk % aiaawMcaaaaa!477A! = \sqrt {30x - 225} ,\,x \in \left( {\frac{{15}}{2};15} \right)\)
\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4uamaaBa % aaleaacqqHuoarcaWGbbGaamyraiaadEeaaeqaaOGaeyypa0ZaaSaa % aeaacaaIXaaabaGaaGOmaaaacaWGbbGaamysaiaac6cacaWGfbGaam % 4raiabg2da9maalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaikdaaaWaaeWaaeaacaaI % ZaGaaGimaiabgkHiTiaaikdacaWG4baacaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaOaaae % aacaaIZaGaaGimaiaadIhacqGHsislcaaIYaGaaGOmaiaaiwdaaSqa % baaaaa!4F12! {S_{\Delta AEG}} = \frac{1}{2}AI.EG = \frac{1}{2}\left( {30 - 2x} \right)\sqrt {30x - 225} \)\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyypa0ZaaO % aaaeaacaaIXaGaaGynaaWcbeaakiaac6cadaGcaaqaamaabmaabaGa % aGymaiaaiwdacqGHsislcaWG4baacaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaWbaaSqabe % aacaaIYaaaaOWaaeWaaeaacaaIYaGaamiEaiabgkHiTiaaigdacaaI % 1aaacaGLOaGaayzkaaaaleqaaaaa!44EF! = \sqrt {15} .\sqrt {{{\left( {15 - x} \right)}^2}\left( {2x - 15} \right)}\)
Vậy ta cần tìm \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgI % GiopaabmaabaWaaSaaaeaacaaIXaGaaGynaaqaaiaaikdaaaGaai4o % aiaaigdacaaI1aaacaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa!3E7D! x \in \left( {\frac{{15}}{2};15} \right)\) để \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaabm % aabaGaamiEaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabg2da9maabmaabaGaaGymaiaa % iwdacqGHsislcaWG4baacaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYa % aaaOWaaeWaaeaacaaIYaGaamiEaiabgkHiTiaaigdacaaI1aaacaGL % OaGaayzkaaaaaa!45F4! f\left( x \right) = {\left( {15 - x} \right)^2}\left( {2x - 15} \right)\) lớn nhất.
\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmOzayaafa % WaaeWaaeaacaWG4baacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaeyypa0JaeyOeI0IaaGOm % amaabmaabaGaaGymaiaaiwdacqGHsislcaWG4baacaGLOaGaayzkaa % WaaeWaaeaacaaIYaGaamiEaiabgkHiTiaaigdacaaI1aaacaGLOaGa % ayzkaaGaey4kaSIaaGOmamaabmaabaGaaGymaiaaiwdacqGHsislca % WG4baacaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaeyypa0Ja % aGOmamaabmaabaGaaGymaiaaiwdacqGHsislcaWG4baacaGLOaGaay % zkaaWaaeWaaeaacaaIZaGaaGimaiabgkHiTiaaiodacaWG4baacaGL % OaGaayzkaaGaeyypa0JaaGimaiabgsDiBpaadeaaeaqabeaacaWG4b % Gaeyypa0JaaGymaiaaiwdaaeaacaWG4bGaeyypa0JaaGymaiaaicda % aaGaay5waaaaaa!669D! f'\left( x \right) = - 2\left( {15 - x} \right)\left( {2x - 15} \right) + 2{\left( {15 - x} \right)^2} = 2\left( {15 - x} \right)\left( {30 - 3x} \right) = 0 \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l} x = 15\\ x = 10 \end{array} \right.\)
Vậy thể tích lăng trụ lớn nhất khi x = 10
Cách khác (trắc nghiệm): Học sinh có thể thay giá trị của từng đáp án vào hàm số \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaabm % aabaGaamiEaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabg2da9maabmaabaGaaGymaiaa % iwdacqGHsislcaWG4baacaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYa % aaaOWaaeWaaeaacaaIYaGaamiEaiabgkHiTiaaigdacaaI1aaacaGL % OaGaayzkaaaaaa!45F4! f\left( x \right) = {\left( {15 - x} \right)^2}\left( {2x - 15} \right)\) để có kết quả.
Đề thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT QG môn Toán năm 2020
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