Cho a,b , c là các số thực thuộc đoạn \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaamWaaeaaca % aIXaGaai4oaiaaikdaaiaawUfacaGLDbaaaaa!3A1C! \left[ {1;2} \right]\) thỏa mãn \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaciiBaiaac+ % gacaGGNbWaa0baaSqaaiaaikdaaeaacaaIZaaaaOGaamyyaiabgUca % RiGacYgacaGGVbGaai4zamaaDaaaleaacaaIYaaabaGaaG4maaaaki % aadkgacqGHRaWkciGGSbGaai4BaiaacEgadaqhaaWcbaGaaGOmaaqa % aiaaiodaaaGccaWGJbGaeyizImQaaGymaiaac6caaaa!4B0F! \log _2^3a + \log _2^3b + \log _2^3c \le 1.\) Khi biểu thức \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiuaiabg2 % da9iaadggadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiodaaaGccqGHRaWkcaWGIbWaaWba % aSqabeaacaaIZaaaaOGaey4kaSIaam4yamaaCaaaleqabaGaaG4maa % aakiabgkHiTiaaiodadaqadaqaaiGacYgacaGGVbGaai4zamaaBaaa % leaacaaIYaaabeaakiaadggadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadggaaaGccqGHRa % WkciGGSbGaai4BaiaacEgadaWgaaWcbaGaaGOmaaqabaGccaWGIbWa % aWbaaSqabeaacaWGIbaaaOGaey4kaSIaciiBaiaac+gacaGGNbWaaS % baaSqaaiaaikdaaeqaaOGaam4yamaaCaaaleqabaGaam4yaaaaaOGa % ayjkaiaawMcaaaaa!5570! P = {a^3} + {b^3} + {c^3} - 3\left( {{{\log }_2}{a^a} + {{\log }_2}{b^b} + {{\log }_2}{c^c}} \right)\) đạt giá trị lớn nhất thì giá trị của tổng a + b + c là
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Lời giải:
Báo saiĐặt \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabg2 % da9iGacYgacaGGVbGaai4zamaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabeaakiaadgga % caGG7aGaamyEaiabg2da9iGacYgacaGGVbGaai4zamaaBaaaleaaca % aIYaaabeaakiaadkgacaGG7aGaamOEaiabg2da9iGacYgacaGGVbGa % ai4zamaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabeaakiaadogacaGGUaaaaa!4C2B! x = {\log _2}a;y = {\log _2}b;z = {\log _2}c.\) Vì \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiaacY % cacaWGIbGaaiilaiaadogacqGHiiIZdaWadaqaaiaaigdacaGG7aGa % aGPaVlaaikdaaiaawUfacaGLDbaaaaa!4140! a,b,c \in \left[ {1;\,2} \right]\) nên \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiaacY % cacaaMc8UaaGPaVlaadMhacaGGSaGaaGPaVlaaykW7caWG6bGaeyic % I48aamWaaeaacaaIWaGaai4oaiaaigdaaiaawUfacaGLDbaaaaa!4624! x,\,\,y,\,\,z \in \left[ {0;1} \right]\)
\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGceaqabeaacaWGqb % Gaeyypa0JaamyyamaaCaaaleqabaGaaG4maaaakiabgUcaRiaadkga % daahaaWcbeqaaiaaiodaaaGccqGHRaWkcaWGJbWaaWbaaSqabeaaca % aIZaaaaOGaeyOeI0IaaG4mamaabmaabaGaciiBaiaac+gacaGGNbWa % aSbaaSqaaiaaikdaaeqaaOGaamyyamaaCaaaleqabaGaamyyaaaaki % abgUcaRiGacYgacaGGVbGaai4zamaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabeaakiaa % dkgadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadkgaaaGccqGHRaWkciGGSbGaai4BaiaacE % gadaWgaaWcbaGaaGOmaaqabaGccaWGJbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWGJbaa % aaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaabaGaaGPaVlaaykW7caaMc8UaaGPaVlaayk % W7cqGH9aqpcaWGHbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaOGaey4kaSIaamOy % amaaCaaaleqabaGaaG4maaaakiabgUcaRiaadogadaahaaWcbeqaai % aaiodaaaGccqGHsislcaaIZaWaaeWaaeaacaWGHbGaciiBaiaac+ga % caGGNbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaikdaaeqaaOGaamyyaiabgUcaRiaadkgaci % GGSbGaai4BaiaacEgadaWgaaWcbaGaaGOmaaqabaGccaWGIbGaey4k % aSIaam4yaiGacYgacaGGVbGaai4zamaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabeaaki % aadogaaiaawIcacaGLPaaaaeaacaaMc8UaaGPaVlaaykW7caaMc8Ua % aGPaVlabg2da9iaadggadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiodaaaGccqGHRaWkca % WGIbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaOGaey4kaSIaam4yamaaCaaaleqa % baGaaG4maaaakiabgkHiTiaaiodadaqadaqaaiaadggacaWG4bGaey % 4kaSIaamOyaiaadMhacqGHRaWkcaWGJbGaamOEaaGaayjkaiaawMca % aiaac6caaaaa!969B! \begin{array}{l} P = {a^3} + {b^3} + {c^3} - 3\left( {{{\log }_2}{a^a} + {{\log }_2}{b^b} + {{\log }_2}{c^c}} \right)\\ \,\,\,\,\, = {a^3} + {b^3} + {c^3} - 3\left( {a{{\log }_2}a + b{{\log }_2}b + c{{\log }_2}c} \right)\\ \,\,\,\,\, = {a^3} + {b^3} + {c^3} - 3\left( {ax + by + cz} \right). \end{array}\)
Ta chứng minh \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaCa % aaleqabaGaaG4maaaakiabgkHiTiaaiodacaWGHbGaamiEaiabgsMi % JkaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiodaaaGccqGHRaWkcaaIXaGaaiOlaa % aa!4150! {a^3} - 3ax \le {x^3} + 1.\) Thật vậy
Xét hàm số :\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaabm % aabaGaamyyaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabg2da9iaadggacqGHsislciGG % SbGaai4BaiaacEgadaWgaaWcbaGaaGOmaaqabaGccaWGHbGaaiilai % aaykW7caWGHbGaeyicI48aamWaaeaacaaIXaGaai4oaiaaykW7caaM % c8UaaGOmaaGaay5waiaaw2faaiabgkDiElqadAgagaqbamaabmaaba % GaamyyaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabg2da9iaaigdacqGHsisldaWcaaqa % aiaaigdaaeaacaWGHbGaciiBaiaac6gacaaIYaaaaiabgkDiElqadA % gagaqbamaabmaabaGaamyyaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabg2da9iaaicda % cqGHuhY2caWGHbGaeyypa0ZaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaciiBaiaac6 % gacaaIYaaaaaaa!68AA! f\left( a \right) = a - {\log _2}a,\,a \in \left[ {1;\,\,2} \right] \Rightarrow f'\left( a \right) = 1 - \frac{1}{{a\ln 2}} \Rightarrow f'\left( a \right) = 0 \Leftrightarrow a = \frac{1}{{\ln 2}}\)
Trên đoạn \([1;2]\) ta có \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaabm % aabaGaamyyaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabgsMiJkaab2eacaqGHbGaaeiE % amaacmaabaGaamOzamaabmaabaGaaGymaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiaacY % cacaWGMbWaaeWaaeaacaaIYaaacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaaiilaiaadAga % daqadaqaamaalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiGacYgacaGGUbGaaGOmaaaaai % aawIcacaGLPaaaaiaawUhacaGL9baacqGH9aqpcaaIXaGaeyO0H4Ta % amyyaiabgkHiTiGacYgacaGGVbGaai4zamaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabe % aakiaadggacqGHKjYOcaaIXaaaaa!5A8A! f\left( a \right) \le {\rm{Max}}\left\{ {f\left( 1 \right),f\left( 2 \right),f\left( {\frac{1}{{\ln 2}}} \right)} \right\} = 1 \Rightarrow a - {\log _2}a \le 1\)
hay \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgk % HiTiaadIhacqGHKjYOcaaIXaGaeyi1HSTaamyyaiabgkHiTiaadIha % cqGHsislcaaIXaGaeyizImQaaGimaiaac6caaaa!4529! a - x \le 1 \Leftrightarrow a - x - 1 \le 0.\) Do đó.
Xét: \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaCa % aaleqabaGaaG4maaaakiabgkHiTiaaiodacaWGHbGaamiEaiabgkHi % TiaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiodaaaGccqGHsislcaaIXaGaeyypa0 % ZaaeWaaeaacaWGHbGaeyOeI0IaamiEaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaiaawIca % caGLPaaadaqadaqaaiaadggadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHRa % WkcaWG4bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaey4kaSIaaGymaiabgUca % RiaadggacqGHRaWkcaWGHbGaamiEaiabgkHiTiaadIhaaiaawIcaca % GLPaaacqGHKjYOcaaIWaaaaa!579E! {a^3} - 3ax - {x^3} - 1 = \left( {a - x - 1} \right)\left( {{a^2} + {x^2} + 1 + a + ax - x} \right) \le 0\)
Vậy \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaCa % aaleqabaGaaG4maaaakiabgkHiTiaaiodacaWGHbGaamiEaiabgkHi % TiaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiodaaaGccqGHsislcaaIXaGaeyizIm % QaaGimaaaa!4250! {a^3} - 3ax - {x^3} - 1 \le 0\) \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyi1HSTaam % yyamaaCaaaleqabaGaaG4maaaakiabgkHiTiaaiodacaWGHbGaamiE % aiabgsMiJkaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiodaaaGccqGHRaWkcaaIXa % aaaa!42FA! \Leftrightarrow {a^3} - 3ax \le {x^3} + 1\)Tương tự \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyi1HSTaam % yyamaaCaaaleqabaGaaG4maaaakiabgkHiTiaaiodacaWGHbGaamiE % aiabgsMiJkaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiodaaaGccqGHRaWkcaaIXa % aaaa!42FA! \Leftrightarrow {a^3} - 3ax \le {x^3} + 1\); \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4yamaaCa % aaleqabaGaaG4maaaakiabgkHiTiaaiodacaWGJbGaamOEaiabgsMi % JkaadQhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiodaaaGccqGHRaWkcaaIXaaaaa!40A6! {c^3} - 3cz \le {z^3} + 1\)
Do đó :\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiuaiaayk % W7cqGH9aqpcaWGHbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaOGaey4kaSIaamOy % amaaCaaaleqabaGaaG4maaaakiabgUcaRiaadogadaahaaWcbeqaai % aaiodaaaGccqGHsislcaaIZaWaaeWaaeaacaWGHbGaamiEaiabgUca % RiaadkgacaWG5bGaey4kaSIaam4yaiaadQhaaiaawIcacaGLPaaaca % aMc8UaeyizImQaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaG4maaaakiabgUcaRiaa % dMhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiodaaaGccqGHRaWkcaWG6bWaaWbaaSqabe % aacaaIZaaaaOGaey4kaSIaaG4maiabgsMiJkaaigdacqGHRaWkcaaI % ZaGaeyypa0JaaGinaaaa!5DA1! P\, = {a^3} + {b^3} + {c^3} - 3\left( {ax + by + cz} \right)\, \le {x^3} + {y^3} + {z^3} + 3 \le 1 + 3 = 4\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabg2 % da9iaadMhacqGH9aqpcaaIWaGaaiilaiaadQhacqGH9aqpcaaIXaaa % aa!3E25! x = y = 0,z = 1\) và các hoán vị, tức là \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabg2 % da9iaadkgacqGH9aqpcaaIXaGaaiilaiaadogacqGH9aqpcaaIYaaa % aa!3DE2! a = b = 1,c = 2\) và các hoán vị. Khi đó \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgU % caRiaadkgacqGHRaWkcaWGJbGaeyypa0JaaGinaaaa!3C31! a + b + c = 4\)
Đề thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT QG môn Toán năm 2020
Tuyển chọn số 1
Câu hỏi liên quan
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Cho hình chóp tam giác đều có cạnh đáy bằng \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaOaaaeaaca % aI2aaaleqaaaaa!36CE! \sqrt 6 \) và chiều cao h = 1. Diện tích của mặt cầu ngoại tiếp của hình chóp đó là:
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Cho hàm số \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabg2 % da9maabmaabaGaamyBaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaiaawIcacaGLPaaacaWG % 4bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaI0aaaaOGaeyOeI0YaaeWaaeaacaWGTbGaey % OeI0IaaGymaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikda % aaGccqGHRaWkcaaIXaaaaa!469E! y = \left( {m + 1} \right){x^4} - \left( {m - 1} \right){x^2} + 1\) . Số các giá trị nguyên của m để hàm số có một điểm cực đại mà không có điểm cực tiểu là:
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Một tấm kẽm hình vuông ABCD có cạnh bằng 30cm . Người ta gập tấm kẽm theo hai cạnh EF và GH cho đến khi AD và BC trùng nhau như hình vẽ bên để được một hình lăng trụ khuyết hai đáy.
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Giá trị của x để thể tích khối lăng trụ lớn nhất là:
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Tính tích tất cả các nghiệm thực của phương trình \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaciiBaiaac+ % gacaGGNbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaikdaaeqaaOWaaeWaaeaadaWcaaqaaiaa % ikdacaWG4bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaey4kaSIaaGymaaqaai % aaikdacaWG4baaaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabgUcaRiaaikdadaahaaWc % beqaamaabmaabaGaamiEaiabgUcaRmaalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaik % dacaWG4baaaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaaaakiabg2da9iaaiwdaaaa!4AD7! {\log _2}\left( {\frac{{2{x^2} + 1}}{{2x}}} \right) + {2^{\left( {x + \frac{1}{{2x}}} \right)}} = 5\)
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Cho hình nón có góc ở đỉnh bằng \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGOnaiaaic % dacqGHWcaScaGGSaaaaa!3A09! 60^\circ ,\) diện tích xung quanh bằng \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGOnaiabec % 8aWjaadggadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaa!3A40! 6\pi {a^2}\). Tính thể tích của khối nón đã cho.
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Một hình trụ có bán kính đáy r = 5cm và khoảng cách giữa hai đáy h = 7cm . Cắt khối trụ bởi một mặt phẳng song song với trục và cách trục 3cm. Diện tích của thiết diện được tạo thành là:
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Một lớp có 20 nam sinh và 15 nữ sinh. Giáo viên chọn ngẫu nhiên 4 học sinh lên bảng giải bài tập. Tính xác suất để 4 học sinh được chọn có cả nam và nữ.
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Đặt \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaciiBaiaac6 % gacaaIYaGaeyypa0Jaamyyaaaa!3A80! \ln 2 = a\), \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaciiBaiaac+ % gacaGGNbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaiwdaaeqaaOGaaGinaiabg2da9iaadkga % aaa!3C64! {\log _5}4 = b\). Mệnh đề nào dưới đây là đúng?
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Cho hình hộp ABCD.A'B'C'D' thể tích là V Tính thể tích của tứ diện ACB'D' theo V
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Cho hàm số \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabg2 % da9iaadggacaWG4bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaI0aaaaOGaey4kaSIaamOy % aiaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHRaWkcaWGJbaaaa!4053! y = a{x^4} + b{x^2} + c\) có đồ thị như hình bên.
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Mệnh đề nào dưới đây ?
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Cho hàm \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabg2 % da9maakaaabaGaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiaa % iAdacaWG4bGaey4kaSIaaGynaaWcbeaaaaa!3E4E! y = \sqrt {{x^2} - 6x + 5} \). Mệnh đề nào sau đây là đúng?
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Số nghiệm thực của phương trình \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGinamaaCa % aaleqabaGaamiEaaaakiabgkHiTiaaikdadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadIha % cqGHRaWkcaaIYaaaaOGaey4kaSIaaG4maiabg2da9iaaicdaaaa!3FBF! {4^x} - {2^{x + 2}} + 3 = 0\) là:
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Cho hàm số \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabg2 % da9maalaaabaGaaGOmaiaaicdacaaIXaGaaG4naaqaaiaadIhacqGH % sislcaaIYaaaaaaa!3D9F! y = \frac{{2017}}{{x - 2}}\) có đồ thị (H). Số đường tiệm cận của (H) là?
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Cho a, b, c là các số thực dương khác 1. Hình vẽ bên là đồ thị các hàm số \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabg2 % da9iaadggadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadIhaaaGccaGGSaGaaGPaVlaadMha % cqGH9aqpcaWGIbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWG4baaaOGaaiilaiaaykW7ca % WG5bGaeyypa0JaciiBaiaac+gacaGGNbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadogaaeqa % aOGaamiEaaaa!4996! y = {a^x},\,y = {b^x},\,y = {\log _c}x\)
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Mệnh đề nào sau đây đúng?
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Tìm tất cả các giá trị thực của tham số m để hàm số \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabg2 % da9iaad2gacaWG4bGaeyOeI0Iaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaamiEaaaa % !3EA9! y = mx - \sin x\) đồng biến trên R .
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Từ các chữ số 1,2,3,4,5,6 có thể lập được bao nhiêu số tự nhiên gồm 4 chữ số đôi một khác nhau?
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Cho hình trụ có thiết diện qua trục là hình vuông ABCD cạnh bằng \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGOmamaaka % aabaGaaG4maaWcbeaakiaaykW7daqadaqaaiaabogacaqGTbaacaGL % OaGaayzkaaaaaa!3C7C! 2\sqrt 3 \,\left( {{\rm{cm}}} \right)\) với AB là đường kính của đường tròn đáy tâm O . Gọi M là điểm thuộc cung AB của đường tròn đáy sao cho \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaecaaeaaca % WGbbGaamOqaiaad2eaaiaawkWaaiabg2da9iaaiAdacaaIWaGaeyiS % aalaaa!3D81! \widehat {ABM} = 60^\circ \) . Thể tích của khối tứ diện ACDM là:
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Tìm số hạng không chứa x trong khai triển nhị thức Newton \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca % WG4bGaeyOeI0YaaSaaaeaacaaIYaaabaGaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGa % aGOmaaaaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdacaaIXa % aaaaaa!3DC6! {\left( {x - \frac{2}{{{x^2}}}} \right)^{21}}\), \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca % WG4bGaeyiyIKRaaGimaiaacYcacaaMc8UaaGPaVlaad6gacqGHiiIZ % cqWIvesPdaahaaWcbeqaaiaacQcaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaaaaa!4388! \left( {x \ne 0,\,\,n \in {N^*}} \right)\).
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Cho hình chóp S.ABCD có SA vuông góc với mặt phẳng (ABCD) đáy ABCD là hình thang vuông tại A và B có \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiaadk % eacqGH9aqpcaWGHbGaaiilaiaabccacaWGbbGaamiraiabg2da9iaa % iodacaWGHbGaaiilaiaabccacaWGcbGaam4qaiabg2da9iaadggaca % GGUaaaaa!4477! AB = a,{\rm{ }}AD = 3a,{\rm{ }}BC = a.\) Biết \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4uaiaadg % eacqGH9aqpcaWGHbWaaOaaaeaacaaIZaaaleqaaOGaaiilaaaa!3B0F! SA = a\sqrt 3 ,\) tính thể tích khối chóp S.BCD theo a
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Cho hàm số \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaabm % aabaGaamiEaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabg2da9iaadIhadaahaaWcbeqa % aiaaiodaaaGccqGHsislcaaIZaGaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaa % aakiabgUcaRiaaikdaaaa!4194! f\left( x \right) = {x^3} - 3{x^2} + 2\) có đồ thị là đường cong trong hình bên.
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Hỏi phương trình \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca % WG4bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaOGaeyOeI0IaaG4maiaadIhadaah % aaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHRaWkcaaIYaaacaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaW % baaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaOGaeyOeI0IaaG4mamaabmaabaGaamiEamaa % CaaaleqabaGaaG4maaaakiabgkHiTiaaiodacaWG4bWaaWbaaSqabe % aacaaIYaaaaOGaey4kaSIaaGOmaaGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaCaaaleqa % baGaaGOmaaaakiabgUcaRiaaikdacqGH9aqpcaaIWaaaaa!4E47! {\left( {{x^3} - 3{x^2} + 2} \right)^3} - 3{\left( {{x^3} - 3{x^2} + 2} \right)^2} + 2 = 0\) có bao nhiêu nghiệm thực phân biệt?
