Đề thi thử Đánh giá năng lực ĐHQG Hà Nội năm 2025 - Đề 4 - Đề 8

Choose A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

The tourists and the local people ____________ I have met are nice

Choose A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

The population of the world is growing at an alarming ____________

Choose A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

It rained every day during their stay, so they ________ have had a nice holiday

Choose A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

The Prime Minister is to consider changes to sexually ____________ laws to enforce equal opportunities

Choose A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

Lisa: There is a music concert next weekend? – John: That sounds great! Who __________ there?

Choose A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

At companies like Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix and Google, they help to develop long-term plans and digital __________

Choose A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

If people used public transportation instead of private ones, there _______ so much pollution

Choose A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

According to the chairman's spokesperson, further ______________ in the marketing division are to be expected

Choose A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

They’re going to have a big party ____________ their new home at 6 p.m tomorrow

Choose A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

Employees should _________ the company's long-term goals when planning their career development

Choose A, B, C or D that has the CLOSEST meaning to the underlined word/phrase in each question.

People believe that cities of the future will increase the general well-being of individuals and societies.

Choose A, B, C or D that has the CLOSEST meaning to the underlined word/phrase in each question.

Smartphones are very versatile, as they can do many things like making phone calls, taking pictures, or listening to music.

Choose A, B, C or D that has the OPPOSITE meaning to the underlined word/phrase in each question.

In some most Asian countries women are undervalued and they never have the same status as men.

Choose A, B, C or D that has the OPPOSITE meaning to the underlined word/phrase in each question.

Though built almost five hundred years ago, the church remained practically intact.

Choose A, B, C or D to complete each dialogue.

Nam: Do you want me to help with your homework?

Lan: ______

Choose A, B, C or D to complete each dialogue.

Linda: Go to the party on Sunday?

John: ______

Choose A, B, C or D to complete each dialogue.

Student 1: "Can you come with us in the weekend pinic?"

Student 2: “______”

Choose A, B, C or D to complete each dialogue.

Jenny: “Thanks for the nice gift you bought to us!”

Peter: “______”

Choose A, B, C or D to make a complete dialogue for each question.

a. Don't worry, we'll find it. Let's check the garden first.

b. Oh no, that's terrible! I hope we find it soon.

c. My bird flew away! I can't find it anywhere.

d. I'm so sorry to hear that. Would you like me to help you look?

Choose A, B, C or D to make a complete dialogue for each question.

a. I’ll go ahead and make a reservation for 7 PM. Does that work for you?

b. Yes, I’d like to book a table for two at your restaurant for tomorrow evening.

c. I’m sorry, we’re fully booked at 8 PM. Would you prefer an earlier time?

d. That sounds perfect. Thanks for accommodating me

Choose A, B, C or D to make a complete dialogue for each question.

a. I don’t know. Have you tried contacting the airline?

b. My flight has been delayed.

c. No, I haven't tried that yet.

d. Oh no, that's terrible! How long is the delay?

e. I've tried that, but they couldn't give me a definite answer.

f. That's strange. It was supposed to leave on time

Choose A, B, C or D to make a complete dialogue for each question.

a. I get your worry about nature, but we must finish this project on schedule.

b. I don't like how this project will hurt local animals.

c. I see what you mean, but we need to find a balance measure between protecting nature and finishing the project.

d. It's important to build things in a way that doesn't harm the environment, and this project fits that idea.

e. I feel like we're hurting nature to make progress.

f. I'm thankful for your thoughts. We'll consider your suggestions and explore alternative options

Choose A, B, C or D that has the CLOSEST meaning to the given sentence in each question.

The increasing popularity of social media platforms has raised concerns about their potential negative effects on young people's mental health

Choose A, B, C or D that has the CLOSEST meaning to the given sentence in each question.

The company's profits were so high that they decided to give everyone a bonus

Choose A, B, C or D that has the CLOSEST meaning to the given sentence in each question.

Studying late at night might be more effective than studying in the morning, but it could also be more stressful

Choose A, B, C or D that has the CLOSEST meaning to the given sentence in each question.

Immediately after the final whistle blew, the players hurriedly left the field to celebrate their championship victory

Choose A, B, C or D that has the CLOSEST meaning to the given pair of sentences in each question.

The oven has reached 375 degrees. The cookies will be ready to bake soon.

Choose A, B, C or D that has the CLOSEST meaning to the given pair of sentences in each question.

I can cook dinner myself or order food from a restaurant. I prefer the first option

Choose A, B, C or D that has the CLOSEST meaning to the given pair of sentences in each question.

She was unable to attend the conference. This affected her ability to network with industry professionals

Choose A, B, C or D that has the CLOSEST meaning to the given pair of sentences in each question.

He finally achieved his goal of becoming a published author. It required years of dedication and hard work

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to fill in each blank.

There are more than one billion cows in the world, and cow farming is a large source of methane emissions. This colorless and odorless gas (631) ____ at warming the earth.

Farmers and companies are developing solutions for (632) _____. In Canada and Brazil, farmers started adding a special ingredient to their animals' feed to reduce cows' methane production. In New Zealand, scientists are working on a vaccine which can cut methane emissions. Rather than stopping methane emissions, a UK company has designed face masks to catch the gas (633) ______.

The masks will allow cows to continue their normal diet but will turn methane into CO2 and water. They can fit comfortably on the cow's head and can be adjusted to different head sizes. Sensors on the masks can notice when methane comes out of the cow's mouth and provide the percentage of the gas (634)_____. This information can also be useful for farmers who can use it to (635) __________ the early signs of disease. For example, if a cow eats less, but produces more methane than usual, it may have a health problem.

It is predicted that the need for beef and dairy products will go up in the coming years. The company developing the methane-catching masks hopes that farmers will start using their invention, which will slow down global warming.

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to fill in each blank.

There are more than one billion cows in the world, and cow farming is a large source of methane emissions. This colorless and odorless gas (631) ____ at warming the earth.

Farmers and companies are developing solutions for (632) _____. In Canada and Brazil, farmers started adding a special ingredient to their animals' feed to reduce cows' methane production. In New Zealand, scientists are working on a vaccine which can cut methane emissions. Rather than stopping methane emissions, a UK company has designed face masks to catch the gas (633) ______.

The masks will allow cows to continue their normal diet but will turn methane into CO2 and water. They can fit comfortably on the cow's head and can be adjusted to different head sizes. Sensors on the masks can notice when methane comes out of the cow's mouth and provide the percentage of the gas (634)_____. This information can also be useful for farmers who can use it to (635) __________ the early signs of disease. For example, if a cow eats less, but produces more methane than usual, it may have a health problem.

It is predicted that the need for beef and dairy products will go up in the coming years. The company developing the methane-catching masks hopes that farmers will start using their invention, which will slow down global warming

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to fill in each blank.

There are more than one billion cows in the world, and cow farming is a large source of methane emissions. This colorless and odorless gas (631) ____ at warming the earth.

Farmers and companies are developing solutions for (632) _____. In Canada and Brazil, farmers started adding a special ingredient to their animals' feed to reduce cows' methane production. In New Zealand, scientists are working on a vaccine which can cut methane emissions. Rather than stopping methane emissions, a UK company has designed face masks to catch the gas (633) ______.

The masks will allow cows to continue their normal diet but will turn methane into CO2 and water. They can fit comfortably on the cow's head and can be adjusted to different head sizes. Sensors on the masks can notice when methane comes out of the cow's mouth and provide the percentage of the gas (634)_____. This information can also be useful for farmers who can use it to (635) __________ the early signs of disease. For example, if a cow eats less, but produces more methane than usual, it may have a health problem.

It is predicted that the need for beef and dairy products will go up in the coming years. The company developing the methane-catching masks hopes that farmers will start using their invention, which will slow down global warming

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to fill in each blank.

There are more than one billion cows in the world, and cow farming is a large source of methane emissions. This colorless and odorless gas (631) ____ at warming the earth.

Farmers and companies are developing solutions for (632) _____. In Canada and Brazil, farmers started adding a special ingredient to their animals' feed to reduce cows' methane production. In New Zealand, scientists are working on a vaccine which can cut methane emissions. Rather than stopping methane emissions, a UK company has designed face masks to catch the gas (633) ______.

The masks will allow cows to continue their normal diet but will turn methane into CO2 and water. They can fit comfortably on the cow's head and can be adjusted to different head sizes. Sensors on the masks can notice when methane comes out of the cow's mouth and provide the percentage of the gas (634)_____. This information can also be useful for farmers who can use it to (635) __________ the early signs of disease. For example, if a cow eats less, but produces more methane than usual, it may have a health problem.

It is predicted that the need for beef and dairy products will go up in the coming years. The company developing the methane-catching masks hopes that farmers will start using their invention, which will slow down global warming

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to fill in each blank.

There are more than one billion cows in the world, and cow farming is a large source of methane emissions. This colorless and odorless gas (631) ____ at warming the earth.

Farmers and companies are developing solutions for (632) _____. In Canada and Brazil, farmers started adding a special ingredient to their animals' feed to reduce cows' methane production. In New Zealand, scientists are working on a vaccine which can cut methane emissions. Rather than stopping methane emissions, a UK company has designed face masks to catch the gas (633) ______.

The masks will allow cows to continue their normal diet but will turn methane into CO2 and water. They can fit comfortably on the cow's head and can be adjusted to different head sizes. Sensors on the masks can notice when methane comes out of the cow's mouth and provide the percentage of the gas (634)_____. This information can also be useful for farmers who can use it to (635) __________ the early signs of disease. For example, if a cow eats less, but produces more methane than usual, it may have a health problem.

It is predicted that the need for beef and dairy products will go up in the coming years. The company developing the methane-catching masks hopes that farmers will start using their invention, which will slow down global warming

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to answer each question from 636 - 640.

Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-live local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.

Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to answer each question from 636 - 640.

Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-live local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.

Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

What does the word “they” refer to?

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to answer each question from 636 - 640.

Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-live local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.

Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advance in short-range weather forecasting?

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to answer each question from 636 - 640.

Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-live local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.

Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

Which of the following best paraphrase this sentence:

“With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.”

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to answer each question from 636 - 640.

Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-live local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.

Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

With which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree?

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to answer each question from 641 to 645.

Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often make a distinction between the situation and the site of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalleled situation: it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-west transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the world’s finest large farming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during thunderstorm activity.

Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadelphia and Boston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared New York’s location at the western end of one of the world’s most important oceanic trade routes, but only New York possesses an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson- Mohawk Lowland) to the vast Midwestern Hinterland. This account does not alone explain New York’s primacy, but it does include several important factors. Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course, such characteristics as slope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, and other physical characteristics help to determine city location, but such factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development than later.

What is the topic of the passage?

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to answer each question from 641 to 645.

Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often make a distinction between the situation and the site of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalleled situation: it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-west transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the world’s finest large farming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during thunderstorm activity.

Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadelphia and Boston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared New York’s location at the western end of one of the world’s most important oceanic trade routes, but only New York possesses an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson- Mohawk Lowland) to the vast Midwestern Hinterland. This account does not alone explain New York’s primacy, but it does include several important factors. Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course, such characteristics as slope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, and other physical characteristics help to determine city location, but such factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development than later.

Which of the following is NOT the advantage of Chicago’s location?

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to answer each question from 641 to 645.

Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often make a distinction between the situation and the site of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalleled situation: it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-west transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the world’s finest large farming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during thunderstorm activity.

Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadelphia and Boston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared New York’s location at the western end of one of the world’s most important oceanic trade routes, but only New York possesses an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson- Mohawk Lowland) to the vast Midwestern Hinterland. This account does not alone explain New York’s primacy, but it does include several important factors. Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course, such characteristics as slope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, and other physical characteristics help to determine city location, but such factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development than later.

What does the word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to answer each question from 641 to 645.

Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often make a distinction between the situation and the site of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalleled situation: it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-west transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the world’s finest large farming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during thunderstorm activity.

Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadelphia and Boston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared New York’s location at the western end of one of the world’s most important oceanic trade routes, but only New York possesses an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson- Mohawk Lowland) to the vast Midwestern Hinterland. This account does not alone explain New York’s primacy, but it does include several important factors. Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course, such characteristics as slope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, and other physical characteristics help to determine city location, but such factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development than later.

According to the passage, Philadelphia and Boston are similar to New York City in ______

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to answer each question from 641 to 645.

Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often make a distinction between the situation and the site of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalleled situation: it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-west transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the world’s finest large farming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during thunderstorm activity.

Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadelphia and Boston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared New York’s location at the western end of one of the world’s most important oceanic trade routes, but only New York possesses an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson- Mohawk Lowland) to the vast Midwestern Hinterland. This account does not alone explain New York’s primacy, but it does include several important factors. Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course, such characteristics as slope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, and other physical characteristics help to determine city location, but such factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development than later.

Which of the following does the author probably support?

Choose A, B, C or D to answer each question.

You are in a new fitness class with people you don't know. The instructor asks for volunteers to demonstrate a move. You want to participate but are shy. What can you say?

Choose A, B, C or D to answer each question.

You are at a family gathering and a lively discussion about politics is taking place. You have different opinions but want to share your perspective. What can you say to join the conversation?

Choose A, B, C or D to answer each question.

The members of a city council wanted to assess the opinions of all city residents about converting an open field into a dog park. The council surveyed a sample of 500 city residents who own dogs. The survey showed that the majority of those sampled were in favor of the dog park. Which of the following is true about the city council’s survey?

Choose A, B, C or D to answer each question.

A study was done on the weights of different types of fish in a pond. A random sample of fish were caught and marked in order to ensure that none were weighed more than once. The sample contained 150 largemouth bass, of which 30% weighed more than 2 pounds. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the sample data?

Choose A, B, C or D to answer each question.

Which of the following situations best exemplifies “caution” where someone takes care in order to avoid danger or mistakes?