. Cho \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaabm % aabaGaamiEaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabg2da9iaadIhadaahaaWcbeqa % aiaaiodaaaGccqGHsislcaaIZaGaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaa % aakiabgkHiTiaaiAdacaWG4bGaey4kaSIaaGymaaaa!443C! f\left( x \right) = {x^3} - 3{x^2} - 6x + 1\). Phương trình \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaOaaaeaaca % WGMbWaaeWaaeaacaWGMbWaaeWaaeaacaWG4baacaGLOaGaayzkaaGa % ey4kaSIaaGymaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaSqabaGccq % GH9aqpcaWGMbWaaeWaaeaacaWG4baacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaey4kaSIa % aGOmaaaa!454C! \sqrt {f\left( {f\left( x \right) + 1} \right) + 1} = f\left( x \right) + 2\) có số nghiệm thực là
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Lời giải:
Báo saiĐặt \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiabg2 % da9iaadAgadaqadaqaaiaadIhaaiaawIcacaGLPaaacqGHRaWkcaaI % Xaaaaa!3D00! t = f\left( x \right) + 1\)\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyO0H4Taam % iDaiabg2da9iaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiodaaaGccqGHsislcaaI% ZaGaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiaaiAdacaWG4b % Gaey4kaSIaaGOmaaaa!4422! \Rightarrow t = {x^3} - 3{x^2} - 6x + 2\)
Khi đó \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaOaaaeaaca % WGMbWaaeWaaeaacaWGMbWaaeWaaeaacaWG4baacaGLOaGaayzkaaGa % ey4kaSIaaGymaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaSqabaGccq % GH9aqpcaWGMbWaaeWaaeaacaWG4baacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaey4kaSIa % aGOmaaaa!454C! \sqrt {f\left( {f\left( x \right) + 1} \right) + 1} = f\left( x \right) + 2\) trở thành:
\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaOaaaeaaca % WGMbWaaeWaaeaacaWG0baacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaey4kaSIaaGymaaWc % beaakiabg2da9iaadshacqGHRaWkcaaIXaaaaa!3EBE! \sqrt {f\left( t \right) + 1} = t + 1\)\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyi1HS9aai % qaaqaabeqaaiaadshacqGHLjYScqGHsislcaaIXaaabaGaamOzamaa % bmaabaGaamiDaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabgUcaRiaaigdacqGH9aqpca % WG0bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaey4kaSIaaGOmaiaadshacqGH % RaWkcaaIXaaaaiaawUhaaaaa!4A07! \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} t \ge - 1\\ f\left( t \right) + 1 = {t^2} + 2t + 1 \end{array} \right.\)\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyi1HS9aai % qaaqaabeqaaiaadshacqGHLjYScqGHsislcaaIXaaabaGaamiDamaa % CaaaleqabaGaaG4maaaakiabgkHiTiaaisdacaWG0bWaaWbaaSqabe % aacaaIYaaaaOGaeyOeI0IaaGioaiaadshacqGHRaWkcaaIXaGaeyyp % a0JaaGimaaaacaGL7baaaaa!4960! \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} t \ge - 1\\ {t^3} - 4{t^2} - 8t + 1 = 0 \end{array} \right.\)
\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyi1HS9aai % qaaqaabeqaaiaadshacqGHLjYScqGHsislcaaIXaaabaWaamqaaqaa % beqaaiaadshacqGH9aqpcaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaey % icI48aaeWaaeaacqGHsislcaaIYaGaai4oaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaiaa % wIcacaGLPaaaaeaacaWG0bGaeyypa0JaamiDamaaBaaaleaacaaIYa % aabeaakiabgIGiopaabmaabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaacUdacaaMc8Ua % aGymaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaaqaaiaadshacqGH9aqpcaWG0bWaaSbaaS % qaaiaaiodaaeqaaOGaeyicI48aaeWaaeaacaaIXaGaai4oaiaaykW7 % caaI2aaacaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaiaawUfaaaaacaGL7baaaaa!6041! \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} t \ge - 1\\ \left[ \begin{array}{l} t = {t_1} \in \left( { - 2; - 1} \right)\\ t = {t_2} \in \left( { - 1;\,1} \right)\\ t = {t_3} \in \left( {1;\,6} \right) \end{array} \right. \end{array} \right.\)\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyi1HS9aam % qaaqaabeqaaiaadshacqGH9aqpcaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaikdaaeqa % aOGaeyicI48aaeWaaeaacqGHsislcaaIXaGaai4oaiaaykW7caaIXa % aacaGLOaGaayzkaaaabaGaamiDaiabg2da9iaadshadaWgaaWcbaGa % aG4maaqabaGccqGHiiIZdaqadaqaaiaaiwdacaGG7aGaaGPaVlaaiA % daaiaawIcacaGLPaaaaaGaay5waaaaaa!4FB6! \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l} t = {t_2} \in \left( { - 1;\,1} \right)\\ t = {t_3} \in \left( {5;\,6} \right) \end{array} \right.\)
Vì \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4zamaabm % aabaGaamiDaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabg2da9iaadshadaahaaWcbeqa % aiaaiodaaaGccqGHsislcaaI0aGaamiDamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaa % aakiabgkHiTiaaiIdacaWG0bGaey4kaSIaaGymaaaa!4430! g\left( t \right) = {t^3} - 4{t^2} - 8t + 1\); \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4zamaabm % aabaGaeyOeI0IaaGOmaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabg2da9iabgkHiTiaa % iEdaaaa!3CC5! g\left( { - 2} \right) = - 7\); \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4zamaabm % aabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabg2da9iaaisdaaaa!3BD4! g\left( { - 1} \right) = 4\); \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4zamaabm % aabaGaaGymaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabg2da9iabgkHiTiaaigdacaaI % Waaaaa!3C8B! g\left( 1 \right) = - 10\); \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4zamaabm % aabaGaaGOnaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabg2da9iaaikdacaaI1aaaaa!3BA9! g\left( 6 \right) = 25\) ; \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4zamaabm % aabaGaaGynaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabg2da9iabgkHiTiaaigdacaaI % 0aaaaa!3C93! g\left( 5 \right) = - 14\); .
Xét \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiabg2 % da9iaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiodaaaGccqGHsislcaaIZaGaamiE % amaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiaaiAdacaWG4bGaey4kaS % IaaGOmaaaa!41C5! t = {x^3} - 3{x^2} - 6x + 2\)
Ta có
Dựa vào bảng biến thiên, ta có
+ Với \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiabg2 % da9iaadshadaWgaaWcbaGaaGOmaaqabaGccqGHiiIZdaqadaqaaiab % gkHiTiaaigdacaGG7aGaaGPaVlaaigdaaiaawIcacaGLPaaaaaa!4197! t = {t_2} \in \left( { - 1;\,1} \right)\), ta có d cắt tại 3 điểm phân biệt, nên phương trình có 3 nghiệm.
+ Với \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiabg2 % da9iaadshadaWgaaWcbaGaaG4maaqabaGccqGHiiIZdaqadaqaaiaa % iwdacaGG7aGaaGPaVlaaiAdaaiaawIcacaGLPaaaaaa!40B4! t = {t_3} \in \left( {5;\,6} \right)\), ta có d cắt tại 1 điểm, nên phương trình có 1 nghiệm.
Vậy phương trình đã cho có 4 nghiệm
Đề thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT QG môn Toán năm 2020
Tuyển chọn số 2