Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

DOWN-TO-EARTH IDEAS

If a big apple and a small one drop from an identical height at the same instant, which one will reach the ground first? Neither! Without air resistance, a large apple will reach the ground no sooner than a small one. Many people find this hard to believe since it seems to contradict “common sense”.

A great Italian mathematician and physicist named Galileo first proved that, without friction, a heavy object and a light one released from the same height will reach the ground at the same instant.

He had begun to suspect that the common notion about heavier objects falling faster than lighter ones was false when he experimented with pendulum. He found that a heavy pendulum swung no faster than a lighter one. Galileo went on to experiment with balls rolling down a sloping plank and proved that heavy balls reached the bottom no faster than light balls.

Galileo’s investigation with the dynamics of motion revealed another important law of physics: that, apart from air resistance, bodies accelerate constantly as they fall. In a vacuum (where there is no air resistance) a heavy object does not fall faster than a light one; the rate of acceleration (32 feet per second) is the same for all objects. Thus any object travels faster at the end of its fall than at the beginning.

Which of the following sentences is NOT true?

Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to fill in the gaps:
 James Cook was born in England (43) 1728. His parents (44) poor farmworkers. (45) James was 18, he found a job on a coastal ship. He worked (46) ships until he was 27 years old, and then he joined the navy. He fought (47) Canada in a war against France. In 1768 King George III made him the captain of a ship and (48) him to the Pacific. He was gone (49) nearly three years when he (50), he was a national hero.

44___________

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

CYCLONE

A cyclone is a storm (51)________ heavy rain and violent winds. The winds can reach a speed of over 200 kilometers per hour; (52)_____________, they usually cause a lot of damage. They also cause very (53) _________ seas. Cyclones (54)______ over warm tropical (55)_______ . In Australia, they occur(56)_______along the coast, north of the Tropic of Capricorn. They usually occur (57)_________the months of November and April. A cyclone (58) _____  up to 300 kilometers wide. The winds (59) __________  at great speeds. In the middle, there is a calm area. This is called the ‘eye’ of the cyclone. The eye can be quite big, (60)________ 50 kilometers wide.

53__________

Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to fill in the gaps:
 James Cook was born in England (43) 1728. His parents (44) poor farmworkers. (45) James was 18, he found a job on a coastal ship. He worked (46) ships until he was 27 years old, and then he joined the navy. He fought (47) Canada in a war against France. In 1768 King George III made him the captain of a ship and (48) him to the Pacific. He was gone (49) nearly three years when he (50), he was a national hero.

49___________

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below

We live in a time and age where information is just a button press away. We are swayed by information all around us. We millennials want __________ (6), read, understand and then speak our minds about it. That is where social media comes into play. Social media is one of the biggest __________ (7) that we live with and cannot ignore it.

Social media is collection of websites, applications and other platforms __________ (8) enable us to share or create content and also helps us to participate __________ (9) social networking. Social media is not limited to blogging and sharing pictures, there are lot of strong tools also that social media __________ (10). That is because that the impact of social media is very high and far reaching. It can make or break images.

Social media is collection of websites, applications and other platforms __________ (8) enable us to share or create content 

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

As computers have become powerful tools for the rapid and economic production of pictures, computer graphics has emerged as one of the most rapidly growing fields in computer science. It is used routinely in such diverse areas as business, industry, art, government, education, research, training, and medicine.

One of the initial uses of computer graphics, and ultimately its greatest use, has been as an aid to design, generally referred to as computer-aided design (CAD). One of its greatest advantages is that designers can see how an object will look after construction and make changes freely and much more quickly than with hand drafting. For the three-dimensional rendering of machine parts, engineers now rely heavily on CAD. Automobile, spacecraft, aerospace, and ship designers use CAD techniques to design Vehicles and test their performance. Building designs are also created with computer graphics systems. Architects can design a building layout, create a three-dimensional model, and even go for a simulated “walk” through the rooms or around the outside of the building.

Business graphics are another rapidly growing area of computer graphics, where it is used to create graphs, charts, and cost models to summarize financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific, and economic data. As an educational aid, computer graphics can be used to create weather maps and cartographic materials. Computer art also has creative and commercial art applications, where it is used in advertising, publishing, and film productions, particularly for computer animation, which is achieved by a sequential process.

According to the passage, architects use CAD to_________ .

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the sentences

 Television also interferes _________ family life and communication

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April, 1948, and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health Organization.

The WHO's constitution, states that its objective is "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health. "Its major task is to combat diseases, especially key infectious diseases, and to promote the general health of the people of the world. The WHO also sponsors programs to prevent and treat serious epidemics such as SARS, malaria, and AIDS. The WHO supports the development and distribution of safe and effective vaccines, pharmaceutical diagnostics, and drugs. After over 2 decades of fighting smallpox, the WHO declared in 1980 that the disease had been eradicated - the first disease in history to be eliminated by human effort.

The WHO is nearing success in developing vaccines against malaria and aims to eradicate polio within the next few years. The organization has already endorsed the world's first official HIV/AIDS Tool kit for Zimbabwe making it an international standard. In addition to its work in eradicating disease, the WHO also carries out various health-related campaigns, for example, to boost the consumption of fruits and vegetables worldwide and to discourage tobacco use.

Experts met at the WHO headquarters in Geneva in February, 2007, and reported that their work on pandemic influenza vaccine development had achieved encouraging progress. More than 40 clinic trials have been completed or are ongoing. Most have focused on healthy adults. Some companies, after completing safety analyses in adults, have initiated clinical trials in the elderly and in children. All vaccines so far appear to be safe arid well-tolerated in all age groups tested.

According to the third paragraph, the World Health Organization ______.

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Getting good results in your studies comes from (51)________ good study habits. The best place to study is a comfortable room with good (52)_______. The best chair for studying should be one which you would be comfortable in, (53)_______ so comfortable that you may fall asleep in it after a while! Before you study, look for a (54)_____ environment with no distractions. If you find your home too noisy for studying, try the library or community center (55)_______. When you study, set realistic (56)_______ for yourself to achieve. For example, do not (57)____ to study five chapters of Geography in one (58).________   when you know that you take more than an hour to read one chapter. Furthermore, remember not to push yourself too (59)_________ . When you have studied for a period of time, (60)______ yourself by taking a short break. You could perhaps take a short walk or listen to music for a while.

54____________

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the sentences

 _________ the cold weather, we kept the fire burning all day.

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

Paper is named for papyrus, a reed-like plant used by ancient Egyptians as writing material more than 5,000 years ago. The Chinese invented the paper that we use 2,000 years ago.

A piece of paper is made up of tiny fibers, not unlike a piece of material. The fibers used in paper, however, are plant fibers, and there are millions of them in one sheet. In addition to the plant fiber, dyes and additives such as resin may be used. Dyes can make the paper different colors; resins may add weight and texture.

Where do these fibers come from? The majority of paper is made from plant fiber that comes from trees. Millions are cut down, but new trees are planted in their place. Paper may be also made from things like old rags, or pieces of cloth. Wastepaper can be turned into recycled paper. This recycling process saves forests and energy and reduces air and water pollution.

It can be inferred from the passage that recycling paper is____________ .

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Getting good results in your studies comes from (51)________ good study habits. The best place to study is a comfortable room with good (52)_______. The best chair for studying should be one which you would be comfortable in, (53)_______ so comfortable that you may fall asleep in it after a while! Before you study, look for a (54)_____ environment with no distractions. If you find your home too noisy for studying, try the library or community center (55)_______. When you study, set realistic (56)_______ for yourself to achieve. For example, do not (57)____ to study five chapters of Geography in one (58).________   when you know that you take more than an hour to read one chapter. Furthermore, remember not to push yourself too (59)_________ . When you have studied for a period of time, (60)______ yourself by taking a short break. You could perhaps take a short walk or listen to music for a while.

59____________

Read the following passage carefully, and then select the best option A, B, C or D to complete it:

"WORLD WIDE WEB
World Wide Web (WWW), computer-based (1) _______ of information resources that combines text and multimedia. The information on the World Wide Web can be accessed and searched through the (2) _______, a global computer network. The World Wide Web is often (3) _______ to simply as “the Web.” The Web started to become a (4) _______ resource after 1993 when the first widely distributed browser provided a convenient way to (5) _______ a variety of information on the Internet. The Web uses (6) _______, which means that information can be displayed in a wide variety of formats. (7) _______ can read text, view pictures, watch animation, listen to sounds, and even explore interactive virtual environments on the Web. A user can (8) _______ seamlessly from a document or Web page stored on the computer to a document or Web page (9) _______ on another computer. The Web offers a place where companies, universities and (10) _______ institutions, and individuals can display information about their products, services, facilities, or research, or their (11) _______ lives. Only a small percentage of information on the (12) _______ is restricted to subscribers or other authorized users. The majority of Web pages are available to (13) _______ who can access a computer that connects to the Internet. The Web has become a (14) _______ for many companies selling products or services, and a forum for people to exchange opinions and information. Museums, libraries, government agencies, and schools post information on the Web to make it (15) _______ to others."

11. and individuals can display information about their products, services, facilities, or research, or their (11) _______ lives.

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below

We live in a time and age where information is just a button press away. We are swayed by information all around us. We millennials want __________ (1), read, understand and then speak our minds about it. That is where social media comes into play. Social media is one of the biggest __________ (2) that we live with and cannot ignore it.

Social media is collection of websites, applications and other platforms __________ (3) enable us to share or create content and also helps us to participate __________ (4) social networking. Social media is not limited to blogging and sharing pictures, there are lot of strong tools also that social media __________ (5). That is because that the impact of social media is very high and far reaching. It can make or break images.

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Industrialization has provided us with material (51)_______ and modern (52)____. Electrical appliances and efficient gadgets ease our daily (53)______. Yet, there is a heavy price tag (54)______ to this convenience. Large-scale industrialization is killing the world. Today there is a strong emphasis (55)_______ on the halt of CFC usage. CFCs, otherwise known as chloro-fluoro-carbons, are ozone-depleting chemicals. They (56)________ burn a hole in the earth’s atmosphere and we, on earth, suffer from the strong radiation (57)_______ by the sun’s rays. Household (58)_________ like refrigerators, aerosol cans, air-conditioners and styrofoam containers (59)________ ozone-depleting chemicals. The hole in the sky allows harmful radiation to reach the earth. As a result, the temperature on the earth will (60)_________. This is alarming because polar ice caps will melt in the heat. Ocean levels will rise and islands will gradually be flooded.

59_________

Choose the best answer: 
What is pollution? Stinky stuff? Muck? Poison? Yes, all those things... and more. Some is obvious like smoke (1)...........you can see but much of it is not obvious at all. Yet you’re eating it and drinking it and breathing it most of the time. And what is worse is that all this muck (2).............all other life on Earth. You can find pollution made by people just about (3)..........on the planet. Even (4)...........places like the Arctic are badly polluted by nasty Chemicals made by people. The polar bears and seals there have poisonous Chemicals made by people in their bodies and (5)..........do the Inuit people who live with them. These nasty things kill many animals and make others sick - including penguins (6).............. the Antarctic. They also kill people and make them ill too. There’s nowhere on the planet (7).............. or high up in the air. with no pollution; (8).............. the bottom of the sea or high up in the air.

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

Hurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate their fury.

Hurricanes normally originate as a small area of thunderstorms over the Atlantic Ocean west of Cape Verde Island during August or September. For several days, the area of the storm increases and the air pressure falls slowly. A center of low-pressure forms, and winds begin to whirl around it. It is blown westward, increasing in size and strength.

Hurricanes hunters then fly out of the storm in order to determine its size and intensity and to trace its direction. They drop radiosondes, or instruments for recording temperature, air pressure, and humidity, into the storm. They also look at the size of waves on the ocean, the clouds, and the eye of the storm. The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane. People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to be caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed.

The word ‘whirl’ is closest in meaning to___________ .

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

Elektron to Electric

The first discovery of electricity is over 2,600 years old. Does that surprise you? Of course, there were no lights, telephones, refrigerators, radios, motion pictures, or television sets that long ago. All of these modern conveniences are of such recent development that you might well wonder how electricity could be any older than Thomas Edison’s development of the first practical electric light bulb in 1879.

The word electricity comes from the Greek word meaning amber, which is elektron. The fossilized sap of a pine tree, amber looks much like a hard lump of honey. In 600 B.C., a Greek philosopher named Thales rubbed a piece of amber against his sleeve to shine it. Much to his interest, he found that the rubbed amber attracted small bits of lint, feathers, and dried leaves. This property of attraction was a strange characteristic which he thought only amber had. Today, our word electricity still goes back to Thales’ early discovery about amber.

More than two thousand years after Thales, an English physician discovered that other substances also had this characteristic of electricity. From then on, more and more men added to the knowledge of electricity. They set off the many developments and discoveries which have brought about the electrical era of today.

Elektron is______________ .

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the sentences

He _________ that media company for five years.

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

Stress releases a number of different chemicals and hormones into your body that raises blood pressure, weakens your immunity to colds and illness, impair your memory, increase fat cell storage, and lead to depression. Doing exercise regularly is an effective and successful stress treatment for its bad effects. The set of good chemicals and hormones released during exercise are an important arsenal that can defeat the chemicals created by stress.

Canadian researchers have discovered that depressed people feel better about themselves after exercising from 20 minutes to an hour, three times a week for five weeks. In some cases, the benefits last up to one year. It is important to note that severe cases of depression require medical review and a combination of treatments.

In another study, a team of Australian researchers found that those who did 30 minutes of aerobic exercise three times a week had lower blood pressure and responded best to acute stress.

Chemicals and hormones released by stress _________ .