Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

Elektron to Electric

The first discovery of electricity is over 2,600 years old. Does that surprise you? Of course, there were no lights, telephones, refrigerators, radios, motion pictures, or television sets that long ago. All of these modern conveniences are of such recent development that you might well wonder how electricity could be any older than Thomas Edison’s development of the first practical electric light bulb in 1879.

The word electricity comes from the Greek word meaning amber, which is elektron. The fossilized sap of a pine tree, amber looks much like a hard lump of honey. In 600 B.C., a Greek philosopher named Thales rubbed a piece of amber against his sleeve to shine it. Much to his interest, he found that the rubbed amber attracted small bits of lint, feathers, and dried leaves. This property of attraction was a strange characteristic which he thought only amber had. Today, our word electricity still goes back to Thales’ early discovery about amber.

More than two thousand years after Thales, an English physician discovered that other substances also had this characteristic of electricity. From then on, more and more men added to the knowledge of electricity. They set off the many developments and discoveries which have brought about the electrical era of today.

Elektron is______________ .

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

Elektron to Electric

The first discovery of electricity is over 2,600 years old. Does that surprise you? Of course, there were no lights, telephones, refrigerators, radios, motion pictures, or television sets that long ago. All of these modern conveniences are of such recent development that you might well wonder how electricity could be any older than Thomas Edison’s development of the first practical electric light bulb in 1879.

The word electricity comes from the Greek word meaning amber, which is elektron. The fossilized sap of a pine tree, amber looks much like a hard lump of honey. In 600 B.C., a Greek philosopher named Thales rubbed a piece of amber against his sleeve to shine it. Much to his interest, he found that the rubbed amber attracted small bits of lint, feathers, and dried leaves. This property of attraction was a strange characteristic which he thought only amber had. Today, our word electricity still goes back to Thales’ early discovery about amber.

More than two thousand years after Thales, an English physician discovered that other substances also had this characteristic of electricity. From then on, more and more men added to the knowledge of electricity. They set off the many developments and discoveries which have brought about the electrical era of today.

This article as a whole tells us_____________ .

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

CYCLONE

A cyclone is a storm (51)________ heavy rain and violent winds. The winds can reach a speed of over 200 kilometers per hour; (52)_____________, they usually cause a lot of damage. They also cause very (53) _________ seas. Cyclones (54)______ over warm tropical (55)_______ . In Australia, they occur(56)_______along the coast, north of the Tropic of Capricorn. They usually occur (57)_________the months of November and April. A cyclone (58) _____  up to 300 kilometers wide. The winds (59) __________  at great speeds. In the middle, there is a calm area. This is called the ‘eye’ of the cyclone. The eye can be quite big, (60)________ 50 kilometers wide.

51__________

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

As a result of years of research, we know that too much animal fat is bad for our health. For example, Americans eat a lot of meat and only a small amount of grains, fruit, and vegetables. Because of their diet, they have high rates of cancer and heart disease; In Japan, in contrast, people eat large amounts of grains and very little meat. The Japanese also have very low rates of cancer and heart disease. In fact, the Japanese live longer than anyone else in the world. Unfortunately, when Japanese people move to the United States, the rates of heart disease and cancer increase as their diet changes. Moreover, as hamburgers, ice cream, and other high-fat foods become popular in Japan, the rates of heart disease and cancer are increasing there as well. People are also eating more meat and dairy products in other countries such as Cuba, Mauritius, and Hungary. Not surprisingly, the disease rates in these countries are increasing along with the change in diet. Consequently, doctors everywhere advise people to eat more grains, fruit, and vegetables and to eat less meat and fewer dairy products.

Where does the word ‘there’ in line 11 refer to?

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Clothing habits are a matter of (51)_________ preference in the United States. Most people are free to wear (52)______ they feel comfortable. Business people in large urban areas are (53)_______ to wear suits or dresses, while clothing in rural areas is less formal. Most Americans tend to dress casually when not in formal or business situations. When eating, most Americans (54)_______ a fork in the hand with which they write. Americans eat away from home often, and usually they (55)________ their own meals when dining with friends. When Americans greet one another they often (56)_________ a firm handshake. They may greet strangers on the street by saying ‘Hello’ or ‘Good morning’. Friends often greet each other (57)_________ ‘How are you?’ and respond ‘Fine, thanks.’ Americans do not really (58)_______ any other answer to the question ‘How are you?’ because it is a way of saying hello. Except in formal situations, people address each other by their given names once they are acquainted. Although Americans are generally informal people, it would be (59)________ to schedule an appointment before going to visit someone, especially in business (60) _________ an appointment has been made, it is considered to be prompt.

57___________

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

Paper is named for papyrus, a reed-like plant used by ancient Egyptians as writing material more than 5,000 years ago. The Chinese invented the paper that we use 2,000 years ago.

A piece of paper is made up of tiny fibers, not unlike a piece of material. The fibers used in paper, however, are plant fibers, and there are millions of them in one sheet. In addition to the plant fiber, dyes and additives such as resin may be used. Dyes can make the paper different colors; resins may add weight and texture.

Where do these fibers come from? The majority of paper is made from plant fiber that comes from trees. Millions are cut down, but new trees are planted in their place. Paper may be also made from things like old rags, or pieces of cloth. Wastepaper can be turned into recycled paper. This recycling process saves forests and energy and reduces air and water pollution.

According to the passage, recycling paper does all of the following EXCEPT ____.

Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to fill in the gaps:
No writer in American literature is (41) or more loved than Samuel Longhorn Clements. (42) in Missouri in 1835, he grew (43) on the bank of the Mississippi River and later adopted the (44) Mark Twain. The (45) environment inspired the two novels (46) made him famous.: "Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn" ": Life on the Mississippi", told of his adventures on the river (47) of that period.
Mark Twain's life as a writer started during the Civil War. At that time he (48) as a newspaperman in Nevada and California. (49) short story "The celebrated  Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" was an immediate (50) and his new career began.

50________

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

As computers have become powerful tools for the rapid and economic production of pictures, computer graphics has emerged as one of the most rapidly growing fields in computer science. It is used routinely in such diverse areas as business, industry, art, government, education, research, training, and medicine.

One of the initial uses of computer graphics, and ultimately its greatest use, has been as an aid to design, generally referred to as computer-aided design (CAD). One of its greatest advantages is that designers can see how an object will look after construction and make changes freely and much more quickly than with hand drafting. For the three-dimensional rendering of machine parts, engineers now rely heavily on CAD. Automobile, spacecraft, aerospace, and ship designers use CAD techniques to design Vehicles and test their performance. Building designs are also created with computer graphics systems. Architects can design a building layout, create a three-dimensional model, and even go for a simulated “walk” through the rooms or around the outside of the building.

Business graphics are another rapidly growing area of computer graphics, where it is used to create graphs, charts, and cost models to summarize financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific, and economic data. As an educational aid, computer graphics can be used to create weather maps and cartographic materials. Computer art also has creative and commercial art applications, where it is used in advertising, publishing, and film productions, particularly for computer animation, which is achieved by a sequential process.

The word “it” in line 3 refers to__________ .

Read the passage below carefully, and then select the correct option A, B, C or D:

"The World Wide Web was developed by British physicist and computer scientist Timothy Berners-Lee as a project within the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. Berners-Lee combined several existing ideas into a single system to make it easier for physicists to use data on the Internet. Most important, he added multimedia—the ability to include graphics—to the hyperlink concept found in a previous Internet service known as gopher. Berners-Lee had begun working with hypertext in the early 1980s. An early prototype implementation of the Web became operational at CERN in 1989, and the idea quickly spread to universities in the rest of the world.
Groups at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign researched and extended Web technology. They developed the first browser that was used at many sites, named Mosaic, in 1993. To allow the Web to be accessed from a wide variety of computer systems, researchers built multiple versions of Mosaic. Each version was designed to be used with a specific operating system, the software that controls the computer. Within a year, computer programmer Marc Andreessen had formed a commercial company, Netscape Communications Corporation, to build and sell Web technologies."

2/ The scientist who developed the World Wide Web was majoring in ..........

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the sentences

This documentary provides information about countries _________ the world.

Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to fill in the gaps:
No writer in American literature is (41) or more loved than Samuel Longhorn Clements. (42) in Missouri in 1835, he grew (43) on the bank of the Mississippi River and later adopted the (44) Mark Twain. The (45) environment inspired the two novels (46) made him famous.: "Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn" ": Life on the Mississippi", told of his adventures on the river (47) of that period.
Mark Twain's life as a writer started during the Civil War. At that time he (48) as a newspaperman in Nevada and California. (49) short story "The celebrated  Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" was an immediate (50) and his new career began.

45.________

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

BELL’S TELEPHONE

A pioneer in the (51)________ of telecommunications, Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He moved to Ontario, and then to the United States, (52)______ in Boston, before beginning his career as an inventor. Throughout his life, Bell had been interested in the (53)________ of deaf people. This interest led him to invent the microphone and, in 18 76, his “electrical speech machine,” which we now call the telephone. News of his invention quickly (54)________ throughout the country, even throughout Europe. By 1878, Bell had set up the first telephone exchange in New Haven, Connecticut. By 1884, long-distance connections were (55)_____ between Boston, Massachusetts, and New York City. Bell imagined great (56)________ for his telephone, like the model from the 1920s, but would he ever have imagined telephone lines being used to (57)__________ video images? Since his death in 1922, the telecommunication industry had undergone an amazing revolution. Today, (58)_________ people are able to use a special display telephone to communicate. Fiber optics are improving the quality and speed of data transmission. Actually, your ability to (59) _______ this information relies upon telecommunications technology. Bell’s “electrical speech machine” paved the (60)______for the Information Superhighway. 

60__________

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Tropical forests have (51)______ us with very many sorts of plants for food, (52)_______ and industry. They could probably supply man more. They also reduce(53)_______ and droughts, keep the water clean, and slow down the Greenhouse Effect, (54)___ the tropical forests are (55)______ destroyed to make (56)______ for things like farms, ranches, mines, and hydroelectric (57)________. About 20 million hectares are lost each year – an area more than twice the size of Austria. The World Wildlife Fund is working to (58)_______ and save the forests that are (59)_________ danger; to plant new trees for fuelwood and to slow down the Greenhouse Effect and to (60)_____ governments to think about the forests and their importance when giving international aid.

59____________

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Clothing habits are a matter of (51)_________ preference in the United States. Most people are free to wear (52)______ they feel comfortable. Business people in large urban areas are (53)_______ to wear suits or dresses, while clothing in rural areas is less formal. Most Americans tend to dress casually when not in formal or business situations. When eating, most Americans (54)_______ a fork in the hand with which they write. Americans eat away from home often, and usually they (55)________ their own meals when dining with friends. When Americans greet one another they often (56)_________ a firm handshake. They may greet strangers on the street by saying ‘Hello’ or ‘Good morning’. Friends often greet each other (57)_________ ‘How are you?’ and respond ‘Fine, thanks.’ Americans do not really (58)_______ any other answer to the question ‘How are you?’ because it is a way of saying hello. Except in formal situations, people address each other by their given names once they are acquainted. Although Americans are generally informal people, it would be (59)________ to schedule an appointment before going to visit someone, especially in business (60) _________ an appointment has been made, it is considered to be prompt.

59__________

Choose the best answer:
The position of sport in today's society has changed out of all recognition. People no longer seem to think of sports as 'just a game' - to be watched or played for the (1)________ of enjoyment. Instead, it has become big business worldwide. It has become accepted practice for leading companies to provide sponsorship. TV companies pay large sums of money to screen important matches or competitions. The result has been huge rewards for athletes, some of (2)_______ are now very wealthy, particularly top footballers, golfers and tennis players. (3)_______ it is not unusual for some athletes to receive large fees on top of their salary, for advertising products or making personal appearances.

A trend towards shorter working hours means that people generally tend to have more free time, both to watch and to take in sporting activity; sport has become a significant part of the recreation industry that we now rely (4)________ to fill our leisure hours. Professional sport is a vital part of that industry, providing for millions of (5)________ people all over the world.
1.

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

CYCLONE

A cyclone is a storm (51)________ heavy rain and violent winds. The winds can reach a speed of over 200 kilometers per hour; (52)_____________, they usually cause a lot of damage. They also cause very (53) _________ seas. Cyclones (54)______ over warm tropical (55)_______ . In Australia, they occur(56)_______along the coast, north of the Tropic of Capricorn. They usually occur (57)_________the months of November and April. A cyclone (58) _____  up to 300 kilometers wide. The winds (59) __________  at great speeds. In the middle, there is a calm area. This is called the ‘eye’ of the cyclone. The eye can be quite big, (60)________ 50 kilometers wide.

56__________

Choose the word or phrase (ạ, b, c, or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

There are various types of pollution in the world. The most (51)__________ one is air pollution. It is caused mostly by factories that exclude smoke. This smoke pollutes the atmosphere (52) ________  dust and cinder which can cause various types of diseases like lung cancer, heart failure, and sinus infection (53)________ inhaled. Carbon monoxide from exhaust (54) _________ of vehicles is also very dangerous and can cause instant death when inhaled in (55)_________ amount. Water pollution is the pollution that occurs in rivers, seas, oceans, lakes, and other waterways. Water pollution is normally caused by the (56)____________ of waste like garbage and feces. The marine life in these waters will be affected. Some sea creatures perish while others (57)__________ the toxic extracts of the poisonous waste in their fat glands. When human beings eat these creatures, they will (58)______ fall ill or die. In Japan alone, every year, thousands of people suffer (59)____ strange diseases due to mercury poisoning. Others either lose their mental (60)______ or meet their deaths.

52_________

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

One of the most famous statues in the world (36)_______ on an island in New York Harbor. This statue is, of course, the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty is a woman (37)______ the torch of liberty, and its (38)______ name is the Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World’. The statue was a (39)__________ to American people from the French to show the (40)_____ between the two nations. It was (41) ______by Frederic Auguste Bartoldie and completed in 1884 in France, (42) _____ was transported to America and put up in 1886. In the years after the statue was put up, many (43)_________ came to the United States through New York. As they (44)_________ New York Harbor, they saw the Statue of Liberty holding up her torch. She symbolizes a welcome to a land of (45)_______.

36_________

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

CYCLONE

A cyclone is a storm (51)________ heavy rain and violent winds. The winds can reach a speed of over 200 kilometers per hour; (52)_____________, they usually cause a lot of damage. They also cause very (53) _________ seas. Cyclones (54)______ over warm tropical (55)_______ . In Australia, they occur(56)_______along the coast, north of the Tropic of Capricorn. They usually occur (57)_________the months of November and April. A cyclone (58) _____  up to 300 kilometers wide. The winds (59) __________  at great speeds. In the middle, there is a calm area. This is called the ‘eye’ of the cyclone. The eye can be quite big, (60)________ 50 kilometers wide.

52__________

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below

We live in a time and age where information is just a button press away. We are swayed by information all around us. We millennials want __________ (6), read, understand and then speak our minds about it. That is where social media comes into play. Social media is one of the biggest __________ (7) that we live with and cannot ignore it.

Social media is collection of websites, applications and other platforms __________ (8) enable us to share or create content and also helps us to participate __________ (9) social networking. Social media is not limited to blogging and sharing pictures, there are lot of strong tools also that social media __________ (10). That is because that the impact of social media is very high and far reaching. It can make or break images.

 We millennials want __________ (6), read, understand and then speak our minds about it. 

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below

We live in a time and age where information is just a button press away. We are swayed by information all around us. We millennials want __________ (6), read, understand and then speak our minds about it. That is where social media comes into play. Social media is one of the biggest __________ (7) that we live with and cannot ignore it.

Social media is collection of websites, applications and other platforms __________ (8) enable us to share or create content and also helps us to participate __________ (9) social networking. Social media is not limited to blogging and sharing pictures, there are lot of strong tools also that social media __________ (10). That is because that the impact of social media is very high and far reaching. It can make or break images.

Social media is not limited to blogging and sharing pictures, there are lot of strong tools also that social media __________ (10). That is because that the impact of social media is very high and far reaching.