Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions. "If you take this medicine, you _____ recover quickly"

In Britain these days, it seems even very young children hope to wear a Calvin Klein watch or Nike trainers. Fashion experts claim that brand names have become so important that their followers (i) _____  to be able to buy the company’s products no matter what. In an (ii) _____  to get people to buy, these companies’ symbols are used so extensively that they have become more important than the products themselves. In a recent survey of British teenagers, only one out of 60 would admit that they did not own any designer clothes of the (iii) _____ fashion. The survey also revealed that a staggering 60 percent are willing to spend the same (iv)    of money on one designer item as on two non – designer items which might do harm to their image. Some people argue that on the whole, designer labels offer a guarantee of quality, but 35 per cent said they would rather buy counterfeit designer wear than a non – label item of clothing. The survey suggests that we have less real choice in what we buy than we might think. The media make the decisions about what is in fashion, and so a whole generation is trying to (v) _____ smart by wearing identically labeled trainers, jeans, shirts and sweatshirts.

(iii)______

Choose A, B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions: 

It was very important that we delay discussion.

Choose a, b, c or d that best completes each unfinished sentence:

Today children have more ____. to decide their own future.

Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions. "There are several ways to _____ and stay healthy."

People love to complain. Moaning to friends can be a source of relief from the stresses and strains of work, study or relationships. But when it comes to protesting to a retailer about faulty good and services, many of US find we don’t have nerve and choose to (i) _____ in silence. By the time we do eventually summon up the courage to make our point, we have generally already allowed the problem to get to us, and we are angry. In this stale, we can all too (ii) _____ become aggressive, gearing up for battle and turning what should be a rational discussion into a conflict. To complain effectively, you need to be specific about your problem and communicate it clearly using words which are objective and fair. (iii) _____ over the top with emotional language and unreasonable claims will get you nowhere.

Good negotiators tend to be calm and logical. They start by explaining situation and stating their requirements clearly, without threat. Most complains prompt a defensive (iv) _____ from the other person, but by being reasonable yourself, you stand more chance of achieving the positive (v) _____ you want.

(i)_______

Aluminium foil is used to wrap food in the kitchen. It is very thin flexible metal sheet, sold in a roll, and since it is put in the oven. The invention of the foil in France in 1903 may not have seemed hugely significant at the time but it began a packaging revolution that was to change our whole (i) _______ of life. Until the early 20th century, everything bought from shops was wrapped with paper and string. (ii) _______ the growing technological expertise in the world, packaging remained quite basiC. Aluminium foil was not widely used until 1914, when people began using it as a secure top for milk bottles. Some forty years later, however, the packaging revolution really (iii) _______  when companies making the cans used for soft drinks stopped using tin, a metal which was becoming too expensive, and switched to aluminium. (iv) _______ production of aerosol cans soon followed. Al the turn of the 20th century, there was little or no packaging to throw away. But with the arrival of the new materials, what we now refer to as the “throw – away society” was bom. Disposable razors, for example, were (v) _______ to be used and then thrown aw’ay. The idea was appealing to manufacturers because it meant that the customer would always be coming back for more.

(iii)______-

During the last 400 years, most scientists have based on mathematics in their development of their inventions or discoveries. However, one great British scientist, Michael Faraday, did not make (i) _______ of mathematics. Faraday, the son of a poor blacksmith, was born in London in 1971 and had no (ii)  _______  beyond reading and writing. In 1812, Faraday was hired as a bottle washer by a great chemist Humphry Davy. Later, Faraday became a greater scientist than Davy, making the last years of Davy’s life embittered (iii) _______ jealousy. Faraday made the first (iv) _______  motor in 1821, a device that used electricity to produce movement. Then Faraday became interested in the relationship between electricity and magnetism. In 1831, he discovered that when a magnet is moved near a wire, electricity flows in the wire. With this discovery, he produced a machine for making electricity called a dynamo. Faraday then went on to show how electricity affects chemical substances. Because Faraday believed that money should be given to the poor, when he grew old, he was destitute. (v) _______, Queen Victoria rewarded him for his discoveries by giving him a stipend and a house. He died in 1867.

(ii)_______

Danny wanted _____ new bicycle for Christmas. 

In Britain these days, it seems even very young children hope to wear a Calvin Klein watch or Nike trainers. Fashion experts claim that brand names have become so important that their followers (i) _____  to be able to buy the company’s products no matter what. In an (ii) _____  to get people to buy, these companies’ symbols are used so extensively that they have become more important than the products themselves. In a recent survey of British teenagers, only one out of 60 would admit that they did not own any designer clothes of the (iii) _____ fashion. The survey also revealed that a staggering 60 percent are willing to spend the same (iv)    of money on one designer item as on two non – designer items which might do harm to their image. Some people argue that on the whole, designer labels offer a guarantee of quality, but 35 per cent said they would rather buy counterfeit designer wear than a non – label item of clothing. The survey suggests that we have less real choice in what we buy than we might think. The media make the decisions about what is in fashion, and so a whole generation is trying to (v) _____ smart by wearing identically labeled trainers, jeans, shirts and sweatshirts.

(iv)______

Today we are accustomed to seeing news as it presents, whether it is a fire in a nearby community, a speech by a president or an actual (i) _____ between two armies ten thousand miles away. It is important for students to grasp that. This experience has been possible only within the (ii)     _____  fifty years. Until well into the twentieth century it took days or weeks before newspapers could report on invasions or great natural disasters. We live, therefore, in a remarkable period when we not only (iii) _____ instant news on the radio but can watch dramatic events just as they are taking place thousands of miles away. Television news can be (iv) _____  as part of the entertainment provided by the broadcasting industry. We don’t only sec newsreaders providing detailed accounts of events but we have a great (v) _____ live footage. News items are generally short, rarely more than three minutes, and features are included that are attractive to local audiences, even though they are unimportant in terms of world, or national news.

(v)________

Keeping fit and healthy may seem difficult, but there are few easy-to-follow guidelines. Firstly, a balanced diet is absolutely essential. This means selecting food that is (i) ______ in salt and sugar.

Experts recommend reducing the amount of fat in your diet as too much can lead to heart problems. They also suggest increasing the (ii) ______ of high fiber food we cat. This comes in the form of fresh fruit, vegetables, whole meal bread and pasta. As well as being packed (iii) ______ vitamins and minerals, they are delicious, too. Secondly, it’s important to fit exercise into your daily routine. This can be done by simply walking as much as possible and climbing stairs instead of (iv) ______           the lift. Exercise is necessary to maintain a healthy body, as well as increasing energy levels and making you feel generally filler and happier. Finally, slaying relaxed is important for good health. Too much stress can lead to a variety of illnesses, from headaches to high blood pressure. (v) ______ possible, do things you enjoy and treat yourself occasionally. So the message is simple enjoy yourself but learn to respect your body, too. It’s all a question of getting the balance right.

(v)______

 “Your speech this morning was just beyond my expectation.” “  ...................   ”

Teaching English as a foreign language can be a great way to travel the world and earn money at the same time. However, some graduates actually like idea of (i) _______  a career in teaching English, and there are numerous courses at various levels, from the basic certificate to the Diploma or even the master’s. To find the right course, a good place to start is TEFL.com – an internet site with lots of relevant information and helpful (ii)_______  including a full list of places in the UK offering courses. The site also offers assistance to qualified graduates (iii)_______  finding work. When deciding a full list of places, what to do is to look at what your needs are. If you want a career in leaching English, then definitely find one designed for that (iv) _______  , such as an MA or diploma; but if you want to travel around the world, then do a shorter course that will supply you with teaching skills. Some countries will employ people without a teaching qualification as long as the teacher is a (v) _______ speaker of English. However, most countries now expect a qualification. It is advisable to make sure that the course that you want to do is recognized and that it includes a period of teaching practice. This is important in preparing people to be English language teachers.

(iii)______

The Penny Black is the name of the world’s postage stamp. It was introduced by the U.K. in 1840 and is perhaps the most famous stamp ever issued. It has a (i) _____  of the young Queen Victoria and because of its colour, and its price of one penny, it is known as the “Penny Black”. Before 1840, postage rates for delivery of letters in the U.K. depended on the (ii) _____  the letter had to travel and the number of sheets of paper used. Furthermore, at that time it was not possible to pay for your letter before you sent it. The postage had to be paid by the receiver (iii) _____ than the sender of the letter. The Penny Black changed everything: al the rate of one penny, letters that did not weigh more than half an ounce could be sent to any destination in the U.K.Nowadays, Penny Black stamps are not all that rare although they are (iv) _____ regarded by stamp collectors. About 68 million of these stamps were issued between 1840 and 1841, and it is thought that about 1.5 million of these survive today. The price of the stamp today varies according to whether it has been used or not and its condition. A line used copy can be bought for around 77 pound or less, while unused examples are quite rare and sold for 2,000 pound or more. To honour the U.K. for having issued the world’s first postage stamp, the Universal Postal Union has made an exception regarding its rule that the name of the country must (v) _____ on a stamp. No British stamp to date has ever had the country name on it.

(i)______-

Years ago there were many social rules and etiquette procedures involving introductions. Some formal introductions between two people were (i) _______ by letter by third party. A person had to be very careful to weigh the importance of social class or status, age, and gender when deciding (ii) _______  person should be presented or introduced to the other person first. However, times have changed, and most of the social rules about introducing older people to younger ones, women to men, and those in higher positions to those in lower positions have changed, too. Many people now feel much more (iii) _______ about making introductions. In most situations, handshaking is (iv) _______ , but these days it is more often done than not-especially in formal social or business settings. It’s very common for one person (or both) to extend a hand when meeting someone. If you are in this situation, and you are offered a hand to shake, you should grasp it firmly and shake it briefly. People often tend to make some (v) _______ about someone according to their handshakes, so make sure yours is not too weak or limp, not too hard, and not too long-lasting. It should be firm and brief.

(iv)_______

We are using up the world’s petroleum. We use it in our cars and to heat our building in winter. Farmers use petrochemicals to make the soil rich. They use them to kill insects (i) _______ eat plants. These chemicals go into rivers and lakes and kill the fish there. Thousands of pollutants also go into the air and pollute it. Winds carry this (ii) _______ air to other countries and other continents. Poor farmers use the same land over and over. The land needs a rest so it will be better next year. However, the farmers must have food this year. Poor people cut down forests (iii) _______ firewood. In some areas when the trees are gone, the land becomes desert. Poor people can’t save the environment for the (iv) _______ . This is not a problem for one country or one area of the world. It is a problem for all- humans. The people and the nations of the world must work together to (v) _______  the world’s resources.

(iii)_____-

Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the following word(s). "exercise"

Some years ago, when I was working as an astronomer at the Greenwich Observatory in London I received a letter from an elderly lady living nearby who said: “When I was a girl we could sec so I many stars, but they’re not there anymore. Have they faded?” Walking down the hill on which the observatory stands, I (i) _____ the truth of what she said. Beneath me were all the lights of London and above me was the orange glow they send up into the night sky. But I could (ii)  _____ see any stars. If light pollution – as this effect is known – continues to increase at its present rate, our grandchildren will only get the chance to see the stars if they visit an observatory like the one in Greenwich. Light pollution is almost (iii) _____ for granted in most cities, and it is fast spreading into rural areas too. (iv) _____ recent research, almost half of all Europeans and two-thirds of North Americans can no longer see the milky Way. And this type of pollution doesn’t only destroy our view of the night sky. It also wastes money and causes environmental pollution. For example, a single light bulb, (v) _____ all year, releases around a quarter of a tone of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, making global warming even worse.

(v)_______

The two countries have broken ..........  relations.

It used to be thought that people could not swallow well in space, so the food programmes for astronauts consisted of bite – sized pieces of food pushed out of tubes. But now it is known that you can cat in space in the same way as on Earth. The physical constraints lie in the body of the spaceship rather than the body of the astronaut. Limited storage and cooking facilities, with no space or power to (i) _______  for complex food preparation, mean that the (ii) _______  for space nutritionists has gone beyond providing astronauts with food that is palatable and good for them. The solution has emerged in the form of dehydrated foods. Simply add water to the freeze – dried granules. With space flights often lasting more than a week, astronauts cannot live on granules alone. They also take pre- cooked meals scaled in bags, which they (iii) _______  up in a small oven. There are tastier than granules but, according to Dr. Helen Lane, a researeh putritionist, it is difficult to  get astronauts to cat as much as they need. It is partly that they are so busy but also because there is no stimulation. So tickling their taste buds is an uphill struggle, especially since one of the effects of zero gravity is to (iv) _______  the sense of smell. Weightlessness is an important consideration in space food because of the danger that the food might fragment and float off in different (v) _______  . “We need foods that coalesce”, says Dr. Lane. “Yoghurts, puddings sauces all hold together in large droplets. Your spoon may float away, but the food will stay on it.”

(i)_______