Đồ thị hàm số \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabg2 % da9maalaaabaGaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgUcaRiaa % dIhacqGHRaWkcaaIXaaabaGaeyOeI0IaaGPaVlaaiwdacaWG4bWaaW % baaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaeyOeI0IaaGOmaiaadIhacqGHRaWkcaaI % Zaaaaaaa!46E0 y = \frac{{{x^2} + x + 1}}{{ - \,5{x^2} - 2x + 3}}\) có bao nhiêu đường tiệm cận?
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Lời giải:
Báo saiTXĐ: \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiraiabg2 % da9iabl2riHkaacYfadaGadaqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdacaGG7aWaaSaa % aeaacaaIZaaabaGaaGynaaaaaiaawUhacaGL9baaaaa!4037! D = R\backslash \left\{ { - 1;\frac{3}{5}} \right\}\)
Ta có: \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci % GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP % aeqaaOWaaSaaaeaacaWG4bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaey4kaS % IaamiEaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaeaacqGHsislcaaI1aGaamiEamaaCaaa % leqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiaaikdacaWG4bGaey4kaSIaaG4maa % aacqGH9aqpcqGHsisldaWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaI1aaaaaaa!4F1E! \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{{x^2} + x + 1}}{{ - 5{x^2} - 2x + 3}} = - \frac{1}{5}\); \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci % GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcqGHsislcqGHEisP % aeqaaOWaaSaaaeaacaWG4bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaey4kaS % IaamiEaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaeaacqGHsislcaaI1aGaamiEamaaCaaa % leqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiaaikdacaWG4bGaey4kaSIaaG4maa % aacqGH9aqpcqGHsisldaWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaI1aaaaaaa!4F29! \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{{x^2} + x + 1}}{{ - 5{x^2} - 2x + 3}} = - \frac{1}{5}\)\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci % GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcqGHsislcqGHEisP % aeqaaOWaaSaaaeaacaWG4bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaey4kaS % IaamiEaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaeaacqGHsislcaaI1aGaamiEamaaCaaa % leqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiaaikdacaWG4bGaey4kaSIaaG4maa % aacqGH9aqpcqGHsisldaWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaI1aaaaaaa!4F29! \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{{x^2} + x + 1}}{{ - 5{x^2} - 2x + 3}} = - \frac{1}{5}\)\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyO0H4naaa!3851! \Rightarrow \) đường thẳng \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabg2 % da9iabgkHiTmaalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaiwdaaaaaaa!3A6F! y = - \frac{1}{5}\) \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabg2 % da9iabgkHiTmaalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaiwdaaaaaaa!3A6F! y = - \frac{1}{5}\)là đường tiệm cận ngang của đồ thị hàm số.
\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci % GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcqGHsislcaaIXaWa % aWbaaWqabeaacqGHRaWkaaaaleqaaOWaaSaaaeaacaWG4bWaaWbaaS % qabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaey4kaSIaamiEaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaeaacqGH % sislcaaI1aGaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiaaik % dacaWG4bGaey4kaSIaaG4maaaacqGH9aqpcqGHRaWkcqGHEisPaaa!4F6A! \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ + }} \frac{{{x^2} + x + 1}}{{ - 5{x^2} - 2x + 3}} = + \infty \)\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci % GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcqGHsislcaaIXaWa % aWbaaWqabeaacqGHRaWkaaaaleqaaOWaaSaaaeaacaWG4bWaaWbaaS % qabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaey4kaSIaamiEaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaeaacqGH % sislcaaI1aGaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiaaik % dacaWG4bGaey4kaSIaaG4maaaacqGH9aqpcqGHRaWkcqGHEisPaaa!4F6A! \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ + }} \frac{{{x^2} + x + 1}}{{ - 5{x^2} - 2x + 3}} = + \infty \) \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyO0H4naaa!3851! \Rightarrow \)đường thẳng \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabg2 % da9iabgkHiTiaaigdaaaa!399F! x= - 1\)\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabg2 % da9iabgkHiTiaaigdaaaa!399F! x = - 1\) là đường tiệm cận đứng của đồ thị hàm số.
\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci % GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRdaWcaaqaaiaaioda % aeaacaaI1aaaamaaCaaameqabaGaey4kaScaaaWcbeaakmaalaaaba % GaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgUcaRiaadIhacqGHRaWk % caaIXaaabaGaeyOeI0IaaGynaiaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaa % GccqGHsislcaaIYaGaamiEaiabgUcaRiaaiodaaaGaeyypa0JaeyOe % I0IaeyOhIukaaa!4F59! \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {{\frac{3}{5}}^ + }} \frac{{{x^2} + x + 1}}{{ - 5{x^2} - 2x + 3}} = - \infty \)\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyO0H4naaa!3851! \Rightarrow \)\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci % GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRdaWcaaqaaiaaioda % aeaacaaI1aaaamaaCaaameqabaGaey4kaScaaaWcbeaakmaalaaaba % GaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgUcaRiaadIhacqGHRaWk % caaIXaaabaGaeyOeI0IaaGynaiaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaa % GccqGHsislcaaIYaGaamiEaiabgUcaRiaaiodaaaGaeyypa0JaeyOe % I0IaeyOhIukaaa!4F59! \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {{\frac{3}{5}}^ + }} \frac{{{x^2} + x + 1}}{{ - 5{x^2} - 2x + 3}} = - \infty \) \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyO0H4naaa!3851! \Rightarrow \) đường thẳng \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabg2 % da9maalaaabaGaaG4maaqaaiaaiwdaaaaaaa!3983! x = \frac{3}{5}\) là đường tiệm cận đứng của đồ thị hàm số.
Vậy đồ thị của hàm số đã cho có \(3\) đường tiệm cận.