Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks

In a healthy relationship, both partners respect, trust and embrace each other's differences. Both partners are able to communicate (31) ____ their needs and listen to their partner, and work to resolve conflict in a rational and (32) ____ way. But maintaining a healthy relationship (33) ____ for skills many young people are never taught. A lack of these skills, and (34) ____ up in a society that sometimes celebrates violence or in a community that experiences a high (35) ____ of violence, can lead to unhealthy and even violent relationships among youth.

Dating violence (36) ____ psychological or emotional violence, such as controlling behaviours or jealousy; physical violence, such as hitting or punching. More than 20 per cent of all adolescents report having experienced (37) ____ psychological or physical violence from an intimate partner - and underreporting remains a concern.

Adolescents, (38) ____ older adolescents, often have romantic relationships, which are long-term, serious, and intimate. Society has a responsibility to provide young people with the resources, skills, and space (39) ____ to safeguard their physical and emotional well being in these relationships. Youth-serving professionals, educators, and parents can help young people in need access services to (40) ____ dating abuse victimisation. Research also has shown that programmes intended to prevent dating violence can be successful.

Câu 31 : (31) ..............

A. effective

B. effectively

C. effectiveness

D. ineffective