The weather across much of the British Isles remained settled last week with a good deal of sunshine. On Saturday, the lunchtime temperature at Bridlington on the north-cast (i) _______  of England was 28.2 c, which compared favorably with Alicante in southern Spain at 229 C. the rest of the world, however, was coping with some (ii) _______ conditions. A tropical storm, given the name Helen, hit Hong Kong on Saturday morning, though her presence had been felt in advance. From noon on Friday, the showers and (iii)  _______ of rain became more and more frequent so that by midnight on Sunday, thirty – six hours later, there had been 333 mm of rainfall, not far off the average for the month of August, at 367 mm. Even on Sunday there was a sting in Helen’s tail. The town centre of Shanwci, near Hong Kong, was (iv) _______ when 468 mm of rain fell in the sixty hours leading up to midday on Sunday, nearly twice the normal August rainfall. On the other side of the globe, tropical storm Gabrielle moved across the Gulf of Mexico and overnight rain exceeded the usual rainfall for the whole month. Although most of Europe enjoyed sun, the high temperatures were sufficient to set off some (v) __showers. On Tuesday morning, a thunderstorm at Lyons in eastern France deposited 99 mm of rain in just six hours.

(iv)_______

It used to be thought that people could not swallow well in space, so the food programmes for astronauts consisted of bite – sized pieces of food pushed out of tubes. But now it is known that you can cat in space in the same way as on Earth. The physical constraints lie in the body of the spaceship rather than the body of the astronaut. Limited storage and cooking facilities, with no space or power to (i) _______  for complex food preparation, mean that the (ii) _______  for space nutritionists has gone beyond providing astronauts with food that is palatable and good for them. The solution has emerged in the form of dehydrated foods. Simply add water to the freeze – dried granules. With space flights often lasting more than a week, astronauts cannot live on granules alone. They also take pre- cooked meals scaled in bags, which they (iii) _______  up in a small oven. There are tastier than granules but, according to Dr. Helen Lane, a researeh putritionist, it is difficult to  get astronauts to cat as much as they need. It is partly that they are so busy but also because there is no stimulation. So tickling their taste buds is an uphill struggle, especially since one of the effects of zero gravity is to (iv) _______  the sense of smell. Weightlessness is an important consideration in space food because of the danger that the food might fragment and float off in different (v) _______  . “We need foods that coalesce”, says Dr. Lane. “Yoghurts, puddings sauces all hold together in large droplets. Your spoon may float away, but the food will stay on it.”

(iii)_______

Tom offered .......  Jane a ticket to the theater, but she refused to take it.

Today, there are libraries in almost every towns in the world. Even in areas where there are no libraries, there are often mobile libraries which take books from one village to (i) _______  . But in the days when books were copied by hand rather than printed, libraries were very rare. The reason is simple: books took a very long time to produce, and there were far fewer copies of any given work around. The greatest library (ii) _______ all, that in Alexandia had 54,000 books. In the ancient world, this number (iii) _______ considered huge. It was the first time that anyone had collected so many books from all around the world under one roof. There are many theories about why these books were lost. (iv) _______ is that the library accidentally burned down. Another is that one of the rulers of the city ordered the books to be burned. They were taken to various places and it took six months to bum them. (v) _______ happened, the collection there was priceless. Many of the library’s treasures were lost forever, some books were never recovered. We cannot even know exactly what the library contained.

(v)______

I ran  ......  George in the library.

In the future, people could live in “smart homes” that will tell them when to wake up or remind them to (i) _____  the front door. These homes will be equipped with electronic sensors connected to a computer that will remind people to take their medicine or turn off the oven. This computerized system, with about thirty sensors will be (ii) _____ to talk and negotiate with the tenant. It will also have the ability to (iii)  out if it is doing something that might be harmful. The aim of the “smart home” is to allow the elderly to live independently in their own homes for as long as possible, instead of moving into nursing homes. The number of people living into their 80s is expected to increase dramatically in the next few decades. As a result, there will probably be a great demand for these homes, which will enable the elderly to keep their independence and privacy. In addition to reminding them about things they may have forgotten to do, the system would contact a volunteer in (iv) _____ of illness or danger. At the moment a bioengineer at Brunei University near London is working with several housing associations, communication companies and charities in order to make this (v)     _____ home a reality. Although he is planning to put up new homes and apartments with the system, he says that it would also be possible to change existing homes, too.

(v)______-

I am very fond of _______.

_________ people who live in _________ glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.

Many adults in America and increasing numbers elsewhere take part in mentoring schemes. A mentor is an adult who provides support and friendship to a young person. There are (i) _____ different ways of mentoring: passing on skills, sharing experiences, offering guidance. Sometimes the most helpful thing is just to listen. Mentoring is open to anybody – no particular (ii) _____ experience is required, just a desire to make a difference to the life of a young person who needs help. This may seem a difficult thing at first, but many people find they have a real (iii) _____ for it.

The support of a mentor can play an important role in a child’s development and can often make up (iv) _____a lack of guidance in a young person’s life. It can also improve young people’s attitude towards society and build up their confidence in dealing with life’s challenges. For the mentor, it can be incredibly rewarding to know that they have had a significant (v) _____ on a child and helped to give them the best possible chance in life. Indeed, it is not only adults who are capable of taking on this role. There is now an increasing demand for teenagers to mentor younger children, for example by helping them with reading or other school work.

(ii)______

Can you imagine what life would be like if there were no telephone? You could not call up your friends on the phone and talk to them. If fire (i) _______   out in your house you could not call the fire department. If somebody was sick, you could not call a doctor. In our daily life, we need to (ii) _______ with one another. We need do this mostly by speaking to other people and listening to what they have to say to us, and when you are close (iii) _______ them you can do this very easily. However, our voices will not travel very far even when we shout. The man who made this possible was Alexander Graham Bell, a Scotsman, bom in Edinburgh in 1847. Bell, a teacher of visible speech who later moved to Canada, (iv) _______ all his spare time experimenting. So enthusiastic was he in his researeh for a means of sending speech by electricity that he left much time for his day – to – day work and at one lime was (v) _______ penniless.

(i)______-

Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the following word(s). "warned"

There are a variety of causes that can contribute directly or indirectly to the extinction of a species or groups of species. Just as each species is unique, and so is each extinction. The causes (i) _______ each are varied – some subtle and complex, others obvious and simple. Most simply, any species that is unable to (ii) _______ or reproduce in its environment, and unable to move to a new environment where it can do so, will (iii) _______ out and become extinct. Extinction of a species may come suddenly when a healthy species is wiped out completely, as when toxic pollution makes its entire diversity unlivable; or may occur gradually over thousands or millions of years, such as when a species gradually loses out in (iv) _______ lor food to better adapted competitors. The question of whether more extinction in the fossil record has been caused by evolution or by catastrophe is a subject of discussion. When taking about species extinction that has been raised, most experts concern with the (v) _______ of climate change and technological disasters. Currently, environmental groups and some governments are concerned about the extinction of species caused by human beings and are attempting to combat further extinctions through various ways of conservation programs. Humans can cause extinction of a species through overharvesting, pollution, habitat destruction, introduction of new predators and food competitors, overhunting, and other influences.

(iv)_____

Traditionally, spas were places which had a spring of mineral water, where people who were sick went to recover from an illness or (i) _____ a disease. Spas were developed by the (ii) _____ Romans, who built public bath houses over hot volcanic springs. Some Roman baths could accommodate up to 6,000 bathers, and had restaurants, sports centres, swimming pools, gardens and libraries. An extremely low entrance fee ensured the popularity of the baths. There was no fixed order in which the rooms were used. People might begin with a hard workout, before going to the Warm Room to relax, have a vigorous massage in olive oil and then (iii) _____ a good soak in a warm bath. Next, they could take a bath in the Hot Room, before cooling down the Cold Room. After that, they might (iv) _____ for a swim, read some poetry in the library, have a (v) _____ to eat, or talk about urgent matters of state in a private talk room

(ii)_______

People love to complain. Moaning to friends can be a source of relief from the stresses and strains of work, study or relationships. But when it comes to protesting to a retailer about faulty good and services, many of US find we don’t have nerve and choose to (i) _____ in silence. By the time we do eventually summon up the courage to make our point, we have generally already allowed the problem to get to us, and we are angry. In this stale, we can all too (ii) _____ become aggressive, gearing up for battle and turning what should be a rational discussion into a conflict. To complain effectively, you need to be specific about your problem and communicate it clearly using words which are objective and fair. (iii) _____ over the top with emotional language and unreasonable claims will get you nowhere.

Good negotiators tend to be calm and logical. They start by explaining situation and stating their requirements clearly, without threat. Most complains prompt a defensive (iv) _____ from the other person, but by being reasonable yourself, you stand more chance of achieving the positive (v) _____ you want.

(iii)_______

Everyone has to tidy up around the house sometimes, but the new idea known as “decluttering” goes further than that. By showing you how to get (i)________________ of all the things you don’t need, dccluttcring can actually help you lead a healthier, less stressful lifestyle. At least, that is the belief of professional dccluttcring consultant, Clare Davis visits her clients in their homes and (ii)__________ them on what to keep, what to throw out, and how best to arrange the furniture and storage space. But Clare does more than just tidying a desk or clearing out a wardrobe that is stuffed with last year’s fashion items. She aims to get to the root of the problem. According to Clare, if your home is disorganized and untidy then so is your mind, and your happiness and health will(iii)__________________________ as a result. She believes that everything in the house should either have a function or be something you really cherish. Many people hold on to things for the wrong reasons. And so the first step in Clare’s dccluttcring programme is to remove everything her clients don’t need, like clothes they have grown (iv)_____________________________ of and objects they no longer need. Clare’s clients speak (v)__________ of her. All sorts of people from writers to computer programmers have said they found her service useful. Many have said that her decluttering programme has helped them to become more organized.

(ii)______

Around 200 million people are employed in tourism worldwide, making in the largest industry in the modem global economy. It is estimated that three – quarters of a billion people travel on holiday each year, and industry planners (i) _____ this figure to double by 2020. Some oflhe biggest beneficiaries are less developed countries, (ii) _____ it is often their main source of income. However, along with the economic benefits, this mass movement of people has resulted in threats (iii) _____  the environment. People often forget the damage caused by carbon emissions from aircraft, which contribute directly to global wanning. Deforestation has cleared land in order to build hotels, ail-ports and roads, and this has destroyed wildlife. In some areas, water shortages are now common because of the need to fill swimming pools and water golf course for tourists. By pushing up prices for goods and services, tourism can also be (iv)          

to the people who live in tourist destinations. In response to these concerns, some travel operators now offer environment – friendly holidays. Many of these aim to reduce the negative effects of tourism by promoting only hotels that have (v) _____ in equipment to recycle waste and use energy and water efficiently. Increasingly, tourists are also being reminded to show respect for the gustoms of the people whose countries they are going to visit, and to support local businesses, such as restaurants and shops, which depend on tourism for their main income.

(i)_____

In Britain, the average young person now spends more money on games each year than on going to the cinema or renting videos. But is this (i) _______ a bad thing? For years, newspaper reports have been saying that children who spend too much lime playing computer games become unsociable, bad- tempered, even violent as a result. But new researeh, (ii) _______ out in both Europe and the USA, suggests that the opposite may be true. Indeed, playing some of the more complicated games may help people of all ages to improve certain skills. Researehers claim that this is because the games make the brain work harder in certain ways, like (iii) _______ sounds and movements quickly and identifying what they are. The fact that people play the games repeatedly means that they get a lot of practice in these skills which are therefore likely to become highly developed. Social skills may benefit, too. Researehers in Chicago think that fans of first- person shooter games (iv) _______ . “Counterstrike” are better than non­ players when it comes to building trust and co-operation, and that this helps them to make good friendships and become strong members of their communities. So rather than (v) _______ up computer games, perhaps young people need to spend more lime on them?

(iii)______

 I used to be a member of the tennis club but I never found the time to play so I….. out after a while 

In Britain, the average young person now spends more money on games each year than on going to the cinema or renting videos. But is this (i) _______ a bad thing? For years, newspaper reports have been saying that children who spend too much lime playing computer games become unsociable, bad- tempered, even violent as a result. But new researeh, (ii) _______ out in both Europe and the USA, suggests that the opposite may be true. Indeed, playing some of the more complicated games may help people of all ages to improve certain skills. Researehers claim that this is because the games make the brain work harder in certain ways, like (iii) _______ sounds and movements quickly and identifying what they are. The fact that people play the games repeatedly means that they get a lot of practice in these skills which are therefore likely to become highly developed. Social skills may benefit, too. Researehers in Chicago think that fans of first- person shooter games (iv) _______ . “Counterstrike” are better than non­ players when it comes to building trust and co-operation, and that this helps them to make good friendships and become strong members of their communities. So rather than (v) _______ up computer games, perhaps young people need to spend more lime on them?

(ii)______

We often go to school by _________ bicycle. 

Choose a, b, c or d that best completes each unfinished sentence:

I had forgotten all about it because I had been so ____ with other things.