The town of Bunol in Spain is famous for La Tomatina, the world’s largest vegetable fight. The event takes place during a week-long celebration (i) _______ festivities and with even greater anticipation for the battle ahead. La Tomatina started during the 1940s, when (ii) _______ of friends started a tomato fight and passers-by got dragged into it. From that day forward, the fiesta has been celebrated annually and is expected to draw record numbers this time around. The reason for the fight has never been established and it hardly matters since the point is fun. La Tomatina has blossomed into a huge fiesta that coincides with the festival for the town’s patron saint. This is partly in an effort to draw more tourism into Bunol, and at the same time many more targets. The night before La Tomatina, the narrow’ streets are filled with tomatoes, and in a much (iii) _______ form than the next day. No one can do battle on an empty stomach so huge pans filled with delicious paella are on offer. Then, early Wednesday morning, shopkeepers set about covering windows and doors in preparation for the mess. Large trucks rumble up the streets to arrive in the square and be cheered by the 20,000 strong crows. Men on top of the tracks then begin the attack (iv) _______ soft tomatoes from the four comers of Spain. The victims retaliate against the trackers, each other, and anyone else that strays within their range. When all the tomatoes have been demolished, (v) _______ heads to the river to clean it all off.

(ii)____

I have several good friends but I (i) _______ that my best friend is Ellen. We have been friends with each other since we were very young because she (ii) _______ next door to me. We have always been in the same class al school, although she has always been much cleverer than me. I don’t mind (iii) _______, because she often helps me with my homework! Anyway, I’ve always been better at sports than she is. I always beat her at tennis, and she doesn’t like that. In fact, she hates losing al anything and gets very annoyed if she docs. That’s the only thing that 1 don’t like about her. Otherwise, she has a great sense of humour and she’s always making me laugh. We get on very well together, although occasionally we’ve had arguments – usually about silly little things. Ellen and her family moved to another district last year, but I still see her a lot. We’re planning to go on a trip around Europe next summer, I’m really (iv) _______ to it because 1 think we’ll have a lot of fun and sec exciting places. Of course, it’s going to be hard -to afford such a wonderful and exciting trip, so we’re both going to get jobs and try to (v) _______ enough money for it

(v)____

She ______ her usual excuse of having no time. n

The Solar System is (i) _______ the Sun and eight planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The first four planets are (ii) _______ terrestrial planets because they are rocky. They are smaller and denser than the outer planets. They contain a high amount of metals and they have less gas than the outer planets. Mercury has no atmosphere, but Venus, Earth and Mars have atmospheres of varying thicknesses. Their rotation is slower and their orbits are closer together. The outer four planets are known as gas giants. They are also known as Jovian planets, (iii) _______ the planet Jupiter because of their gigantic Jupiter-like (iv) _______. They have a large diameter and a very thick atmosphere. Although their surfaces contain large amounts of gases, their cores are probably solid. All four Jovian planets have rings although only Saturn’s ring system is (v) _______ from Earth.

(iv)_____-

I have several good friends but I (i) _______ that my best friend is Ellen. We have been friends with each other since we were very young because she (ii) _______ next door to me. We have always been in the same class al school, although she has always been much cleverer than me. I don’t mind (iii) _______, because she often helps me with my homework! Anyway, I’ve always been better at sports than she is. I always beat her at tennis, and she doesn’t like that. In fact, she hates losing al anything and gets very annoyed if she docs. That’s the only thing that 1 don’t like about her. Otherwise, she has a great sense of humour and she’s always making me laugh. We get on very well together, although occasionally we’ve had arguments – usually about silly little things. Ellen and her family moved to another district last year, but I still see her a lot. We’re planning to go on a trip around Europe next summer, I’m really (iv) _______ to it because 1 think we’ll have a lot of fun and sec exciting places. Of course, it’s going to be hard -to afford such a wonderful and exciting trip, so we’re both going to get jobs and try to (v) _______ enough money for it

(iii)____

Please don’t parking in those spaces that have signs reserving them for the handicapped.

Japan is no longer an Empire. When it lost all of its colonics, it also (i) _______ Korea and Dokdo Island. Dokdo Island has always been Korean territory and part of its country. Japan only wants to rebuild its Empire by sending its ships there. On the other hand, Japan says that it only wants to check (ii) _______ for more fish. There are many South Korean fishing boats in the area and Japanese fishermen have no place to do their own fishing. However, Japan has similar problems with two (iii) _______ neighbors, China and Russia, over two other islands, Senkaku/ Diaoyu and North Territories/Kurils. Liancourt Rocks may (iv) _______ an unimportant matter, but it is not. If Japan gives up its right to it, it has a good chance of losing its right to the other islands as well. Japan has demanded the USA to act as a judge in this argument, but South Korea refuses to (v) _______ another country decide over its own land.

(iii)____

In 1866, the United States Congress passed legislation which permitted the use of the metric system in commercial dealings. The law, permissive rather than mandatory, (i)  _______  that any contract or dealing – as well as any court pleadings – would not be considered objectionable or invalid because of the use of the metric system in the dealing or reference to metric measurements and (ii) _______ in the legal documents or pleadings. American business people and scientists have continued to use the metric system and support it. Metrication is evident in America because goods that are produced (iii) _______ commercial purposes are labelled in metric units as well as non-mctric units. As the result of legislation in the 1980s, the federal government and (iv) _______ its agencies are now required to use metric measures. There are a few exceptions to this law and those exceptions (v) _______ around documents which are intended for consumers but the primary purpose of this law is to promote and strengthen the American manufacturing and trade posture and competitiveness throughout the metric world of nations

(i)_____

There was a power cut and all the lights _______. 

(i) ________ November 13rd, 1991, a new animation movie was making waves around the world. This movie that everyone was (ii) ________ about was Beauty and the Beast. It was made by Disney and was the first animation movie ever to (iii) ________  for an Academy Award. The Movie Academy in Hollywood chooses five movies every year to receive the famous Oscar Prize. But in the end only one can win. In 1991, Beauty and the Beast won the Oscar for Best Music and for Best Song in a movie, which was performed (iv) ________ the popular Celine Dion. In the same year, Beauty and the Beast (v) ________ got the prestigious Golden Globe Awards for Best Picture. That was a high honor for an animation film.

(iv)_____

The Great Wall stretches for 5,000 kilometres (i) _______ China from the East coast to the Gobi Desert. This biggest of all building projects was begun 2,000 years ago during the Qin Dynasty. Separately built walls were all joined up to form one huge line, supposedly to (ii) _______  any invading nomads. The project used thousands of workers, many of them prisoners.

Around 180 million cubic metres of earth were used to form the wall’s core. The wall was not particularly successful as a deterrent to invaders. However, it was very useful as a kind of ancient, elevated motorway. Men and equipment could be easily moved along the wall, through the previously (iii) _______, mountainous land. Also, a very useful communication system was developed between the different sections of the wall. Smoke signals were used to send messages quickly anywhere along the wall’s length. Now, the Great Wall is China’s most popular tourist attraction. It has suffered some decay and destruction over the centuries. Parts have been (iv) _______ by the wind and weather. Other sections have been destroyed by local peasants who carried off the materials to make their own homes. However, the wall is still an amazing sight, and a lasting monument to the ancient Chinese civilization that (v) _______ it.

(i)______--

Every year a festival is held to commemorate the founding of our town over 150 years ago. The festival (i) _______ for a week and during that time many local people dress up in old- fashioned clothes, sometimes even wearing them at work. On the first day of the celebrations an opening (ii) _______ is performed by a visiting celebrity at the band-stand in the town centre. From there a colourful procession makes its way through the streets of the town. We spend weeks beforehand preparing the floats, many of (iii) _______ are sponsored by local firms and organizations. In addition to these floats, there are bands and street entertainers, such as fire caters, jugglers and clowns walking on stilts. The procession ends up in the park, where a large marquee has been erected around the marquee. There are various stalls where you can buy local produce or play traditional games. Throughout the week many events are organized to recreate life 150 years ago. You can have your photograph (iv) _______ wearing 19th century clothes or _______ learn traditional crafts such as basket-weaving. For the children there are puppet shows and talent contests. The festival attracts thousands of visitors, and what used to be just a small local event has now grown into a (v) _______ tourist attraction.

(iii)_____

In (i) _______ times Poland was part of the Russian Empire and began its struggle for independence. Russia managed to (ii) _______ an end to the rebellion for years after persecuted and harassed its Polish citizens, especially those of Jewish origin. Even though Maria was a Catholic born into a gentry’s family, she was a mere female and thus felt that oppression stronger than many others. She was denied entrance into any university and had to work as a governess (iii) _______ the fact that she had once of the highest IQ’s ever (iv) _______ among women. Maria also had an amazing memory and was a workhorse, who neglected food and sleep in order to study and get the job done. (v) _______ those pressures led to a mental breakdown, and Maria was hospitalized for a year after graduating from high school.

(i)____

“Being in space is an exhilarating experience,” recalls astronaut Buzz Aldrin, member of the three-man crew which made history nearly 50 years ago when they (i) _______ in being the first melt ever to set foot on the Moon. ‘Just being able to float around is amazing. Unfortunately, the space suits were quite restrictive so we weren’t able to move about very easily. They made the job of collecting moon rock and soil to bring back to Earth much more difficult. The surface of the Melon is covered in a (ii) _______ and because there isn’t any wind or weather on the Moon, Neil’s famous first footprint should still be there until it is disturbed by other visitors. “On our (iii) _______ to Earth, we were put in quarantine. It was still not known whether life existed on the Moon and it was feared that organisms from the Moon could infect animals and plants on Earth. Hopefully, in the next 25 years man will be setting up (iv) _______ bases on the Moon or even on Mars. I don’t sec much point in just sending astronauts there. Instead of short trips, which are not a very efficient allocation of resources, we should be sending people there to stay. “In time, although possibly not in my lifetime, people will be born on Mars. They will be our “Martians”, (v)_____________ _______ the green creatures that science fiction writers write about.”

(v)______

The arehitects who designed the London Eye (i) _______ drew it for a competition in 1993. Subsequently, they formed a (ii) _______ with British Airways to develop the project. As the biggest observation wheel ever built, its construction involved 1,700 people in five countries. Most of its (iii) _______had to be invented, and delivering them had to be coordinated with the tides in the River Thames. On average, 350 hours a week are spent (iv) _______ the maintenance of the Eye, and only distilled water is used to (v) _______ the glass.

(ii)_______

Gun-control groups use this terrible accident to show why guns should (i) _______ illegal. They argue that guns actually make people more (ii) _______. Some researeh has shown that for every time a gun is used to prevent a crime, there are 22 shootings by accident. 76.6% of all victims were killed by a relative or someone they knew, and only 3.6% were shot at by criminals. The rest of the shootings involved police or the army. The risk for violence is five times greater in households (iii) _______  there are guns available. Most of the shootings happen after family members fight with each other. In other serious eases, teenagers brought guns to school and began shooting (iv) _______ their teachers and classmates. In the end, they committed suicide by killing (v) _______ with the same gun.

(iv)____

In Britain, greetings cards are sold in chain stores and supermarkets, in newsagents’ shops, comer shops and, increasingly, in shops that specialize in the sale of cards and paper for wrapping presents in. The (i)  _______ cards are birthday and Christmas cards. Many Christmas cards are sold in aid of charity and special ‘charily card shops’ are often set up in temporary premises in the weeks before Christmas. A wide (ii) _______ of birthday cards is available to cater for different ages and tastes. Some, especially ones for young children or for people (iii) _________ a particular birthday, have the person’s age on the front. Many have comic, often risque, messages printed on them, and cartoon-style illustrations. Others are more sober, with reproductions of famous paintings or attractive original designs. The usual greeting on a birthday card is ‘Happy Birthday’, ‘Many Happy Returns’ or ‘Best Wishes for a Happy Birthday’. Some people also send special cards for Easter and New Year,Easter cards (iv) _______ portray images of spring, such as chicks, eggs, lambs, spring flowers, etc., or have a religious theme. Cards are produced for every ‘milestone’ in a person’s life. There are special cards for (v) _______ engagement, a marriage, a new home, a birth, success in an examination, retirement, a death in the family, etC. Some are ‘good luck’ or ‘congratulations’ cards. Others, for example ‘get weir cards for people who are ill, express sympathy.

(iv)______

The use of “code talkers” had its beginnings in World War I when the Americans used Choctaw Indians during the battle of the Meuse Argonne in France in 1918. But none of the volunteers in war were (i) _______ recognized or honored for their contributions to the war effort until several years after the end of the Second World War. And it was not the Americans who (ii) _______ tribute to these volunteers first. It was the French, who, in 1989, honored the survivors by presenting them with an Order of Merit, which is the second-highest honor (iii) _______ valor that the French bestow. Ten years later, the United Slates Department of Defense recognized the sole surviving Comanche “code talker” for his bravery and achievements in a ceremony in Washington, D.C. and they presented him with an award created a few years before by the intelligence corps to recognize contributions such as the Comanchcs had made. The Comanche volunteers made an additional contribution to society as a (iv) _______  by their wartime efforts. These men, all of whom had attended school in America and had been chastised for trying to retain English, can be credited not only with helping to win the war but also with insuring the preservation of a language, which until after the war, had been nearly destroyed by its non-use. their native languages and criticized when they did not (v) _______ English, can be credited not only with helping to win the war but also with insuring the preservation of a language, which until after the war, had been nearly destroyed by its non-use.

(iii)___

(i) ________ November 13rd, 1991, a new animation movie was making waves around the world. This movie that everyone was (ii) ________ about was Beauty and the Beast. It was made by Disney and was the first animation movie ever to (iii) ________  for an Academy Award. The Movie Academy in Hollywood chooses five movies every year to receive the famous Oscar Prize. But in the end only one can win. In 1991, Beauty and the Beast won the Oscar for Best Music and for Best Song in a movie, which was performed (iv) ________ the popular Celine Dion. In the same year, Beauty and the Beast (v) ________ got the prestigious Golden Globe Awards for Best Picture. That was a high honor for an animation film.

(ii)_____

Have you hung the washing ______? 

In northern Europe, during the same time period traders developed a similar type of customary law for commercial relationships. The system, referred to as the Law Merchant, also prevented those who had not traded fairly and honestly with merchants (i) ______ merchants participating in the system. The Law Merchant, unlike the Maghribi association, included a system of arbitration to settle disputes. The merchants’ goal of expediting and facilitating commercial transactions continued as customary law for commercial transactions throughout the centuries. In the United States, the Law Merchant has been adapted and codified as the Uniform Commercial Code. Folk law is also customaiy law. Recently in Botswana, Africa, (ii) ______ has been an attempt to codify folk law, but some lawmakers oppose the idea because they believe that codification would limit the diversity of cultures which exists throughout the country. The legislators’ belief is that customary law relates to individual tribes and (iii) ______ the culture of each tribe is different and should be preserved. Those who (iv) ______     codification, on the other hand, contend that tribal culture would be better preserved and would provide tribal chiefs with a set of guidelines for administering justice rather than requiring the chiefs to depend upon customary laws (v)  ______ down by words of mouth from earlier generations.

(iii)______