Hanji, literally (i) _______ “Korean Paper”, is traditional Korean paper that is hand-made by processing the bark of the mulberry plant. Unlike machine-made paper, Hanji is a handmade fiber paper and (ii) _______ a long manual process. Hanji is made of 100% pure mulberry, which makes the paper fibers very durable (iii) _______ keeping its surface smooth. It has been called the “living paper” since Hanji communes with nature.

The history of Hanji started about 1,600 years ago, but the Koryo and Chosun Dynasties were times (iv) _______ handicraft became specialized and handicraft production boomed. It had many uses from books and wrapping paper to various housewares, such as plates and boxes, and it could be (v) _______ -Hanji craftwork was commonly used regardless of their class. Chango-ji, window or door paper, was also a kind of Hanji.

(i)_____

Japan is no longer an Empire. When it lost all of its colonics, it also (i) _______ Korea and Dokdo Island. Dokdo Island has always been Korean territory and part of its country. Japan only wants to rebuild its Empire by sending its ships there. On the other hand, Japan says that it only wants to check (ii) _______ for more fish. There are many South Korean fishing boats in the area and Japanese fishermen have no place to do their own fishing. However, Japan has similar problems with two (iii) _______ neighbors, China and Russia, over two other islands, Senkaku/ Diaoyu and North Territories/Kurils. Liancourt Rocks may (iv) _______ an unimportant matter, but it is not. If Japan gives up its right to it, it has a good chance of losing its right to the other islands as well. Japan has demanded the USA to act as a judge in this argument, but South Korea refuses to (v) _______ another country decide over its own land.

(v)____

In 1977, the United States enacted the Mine safety and Health Act, and since that time the overall number of deaths related to mining accidents (i) _______ decreased. But, unfortunately, in the United States, several coal mine explosions have recently (ii) _______ the lives of several miners and increased this year’s mining- related deaths above of the total number of mining-related deaths recorded last year. The mining industry and the United States government take seriously the safety problems confronting miners. (iii) _______ is being done to help protect the miners is important in the mining industry throughout the world. The United States Congress has recently considered legislation increasing the amount of oxygen miners must have available to them as they work below the earth’s surface because a lack of available oxygen may have caused the death of some of the trapped miners in recent coal mine explosions. When an explosion (iv) _______ in an underground mine and air packs are in short supply or those available to miners are not in working condition, the successful rescue efforts can be crippled even though rescue workers are (v) _______ valiant efforts to save lives.

(v)____

The arehitects who designed the London Eye (i) _______ drew it for a competition in 1993. Subsequently, they formed a (ii) _______ with British Airways to develop the project. As the biggest observation wheel ever built, its construction involved 1,700 people in five countries. Most of its (iii) _______had to be invented, and delivering them had to be coordinated with the tides in the River Thames. On average, 350 hours a week are spent (iv) _______ the maintenance of the Eye, and only distilled water is used to (v) _______ the glass.

(iii)_______

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions: 

He didn’t seem in the least concerned for her safety. 

In 1866, the United States Congress passed legislation which permitted the use of the metric system in commercial dealings. The law, permissive rather than mandatory, (i)  _______  that any contract or dealing – as well as any court pleadings – would not be considered objectionable or invalid because of the use of the metric system in the dealing or reference to metric measurements and (ii) _______ in the legal documents or pleadings. American business people and scientists have continued to use the metric system and support it. Metrication is evident in America because goods that are produced (iii) _______ commercial purposes are labelled in metric units as well as non-mctric units. As the result of legislation in the 1980s, the federal government and (iv) _______ its agencies are now required to use metric measures. There are a few exceptions to this law and those exceptions (v) _______ around documents which are intended for consumers but the primary purpose of this law is to promote and strengthen the American manufacturing and trade posture and competitiveness throughout the metric world of nations

(v)_____

In 1977, the United States enacted the Mine safety and Health Act, and since that time the overall number of deaths related to mining accidents (i) _______ decreased. But, unfortunately, in the United States, several coal mine explosions have recently (ii) _______ the lives of several miners and increased this year’s mining- related deaths above of the total number of mining-related deaths recorded last year. The mining industry and the United States government take seriously the safety problems confronting miners. (iii) _______ is being done to help protect the miners is important in the mining industry throughout the world. The United States Congress has recently considered legislation increasing the amount of oxygen miners must have available to them as they work below the earth’s surface because a lack of available oxygen may have caused the death of some of the trapped miners in recent coal mine explosions. When an explosion (iv) _______ in an underground mine and air packs are in short supply or those available to miners are not in working condition, the successful rescue efforts can be crippled even though rescue workers are (v) _______ valiant efforts to save lives.

(iii)____

Around 1190, Tcmujjin and his close allies and advisers began to unite many (i) _____ Mongol clans. Using his strong will and charisma, he managed to persuade (ii) _____ of those fighting and warring clans to accept him as the one and only leader. It seems Tcmujjin had a gift, the unusual ability to act as a leader and (iii) _____ respect. Several tribes tried to oppose him. There were a lot of betrayals and killings, but eventually Tcmujjin managed to do what nobody had ever done before: unite all Mongols (iv) _____  one nation in 1206. In honor of his achievements, the Mongol clan chiefs (v) _____Tcmujjin the title Khan, or “leader”.

(ii)_____

Based on measurements of the expansion of the universe, of the position of galaxies, as well as of the cosmic microwave background radiation, the birth of the universe is said to (i) _______  13.7 billion years ago, when the early cosmos was a dense gaseous fireball of plasma, with temperatures 100,000 times higher than (ii) _______  of the sun’s core. 10 microseconds after the initial explosion, the universe experienced a period of huge exponential (iii) _______  called cosmic inflation, allowing basic particles such as quarks and gluons to stop moving around willy-nilly without purpose and form strong bonds of protons and neutrons. 100 seconds later, as temperatures dropped even further, these protons and neutrons would form helium and other hydrogen composites in a period cissalled nucleosynthesis. Matter would (iv) _______  to a halt and stop moving, (v) _______  gravitational forces come into play, and after 380,000 years the first atoms would make their appearance.

(ii)______-

Over the last few years, the use of the Internet has increased dramatically in French schools, offices and homes and this trend continues to grow. Who could have imagined, even in the last decade, that we would be able to (i) _______ our friends, colleagues and clients around the world simply through the click of a

mouse and a modem? There is no doubt, like any invention, that the Internet can be used for the good or bad but it is here to stay and (ii) _______  the way we communicate. In the world of business, no corporation can be competitive unless it has access to the Internet. It has become essential to advertise your product and service in this way and an increasing number of companies are using this opportunity to reach a greater number of (iii) _______ consumers. Indeed, the bigger the web site, the more professional the company seems to be. Similarly in education, the opportunities that the Internet can provide are vast.More and more students (iv) _______  on the Internet for their researeh; for instance, a physics undergraduate in Paris can download information from a university library in the States in minutes. From the latest researeh in scientific and linguistic fields to new theories in psychology and history, all these may be published on the world-wide web. What will be the future for the Internet in France? It has been estimated that 60% of homes and 50% of businesses will have access to the Internet within five years. Children, students and professionals will be able to (v) _______ and explore the world as they have never done before

(v)_____

Health experts suggest that to stay healthy and happy, it’s important to keep our lives in balance. Chinese philosophy, which has spanned thousands of years, uses the principles of yin and yang to explain importance of balance in life. Explained simply, yang represents the active elements of the universe, (i) _______ the yin represents the passive elements. This expresses the importance of balance in all aspects of living. Today health experts agree that it’s important to have a balanced life. For example, they’ve said it’s necessary to have a balance between work and rest and to have a balanced exercise program. (ii) _______, I’m sure you’d agree that in our busy world, it’s not always easy to get and keep balanced in our lives. Due to business or study deadlines, many people work to excess, leaving little time at the end of their busy day to spend with family and friends. They cat fast-food and don’t get enough rest or recreation and then suffer badly from the effects of stress. It’s sad that this situation often is the answer to happen when people believe that access to (iii)   happiness instead of understanding the importance of balanced living.While ambition can be a good thing, having too much ambition can cause a person to become ‘out of balance’. Of course it’s also unbalanced to spend too much time on entertainment and pleasure activities, with little or no time (iv) _______ to work or education. Balance means allocating enough time for all the important aspects of life, such as spending time with family and friends, working or studying, as well as resting and relaxing. Experts now tell US that having balance in our life is the answer, not only to health and happiness, but also to success. If you’re balanced, you’ll have more energy and you’ll reach your ambitions in a more relaxed fashion, with less stress. So  (v) _______ is your life? Do you need to allocate your time differently to have better balance in your life?

(ii)______

The violence of the conflict has (i) _______ the attention of the international world, with many labelling it as the (ii) _______ humanitarian crisis since the 2004 Asian tsunami. Members of the United Nations have called upon the rest of the world to put an end to this terrible (iii) _______ and the deliberate and systematic destruction of an ethnic group. In 2004, Chad negotiated a ceasefire agreement between the Sudanese government and the JEM and SLM groups, (iv) _______ would put an end to the hostilities.

Yet, there is an uneasy truce, as the National Movement for Reform and Development (v) _______ away from the JEM during peace negotiations and stills continues its guerrilla war against the Janjaweed in spile of careful peace monitoring done by the African Union and the European Union. A new peace agreement has been proposed in May 2006, but its rejection by a couple of rebel groups docs not bode well for the future of Darfur.

(v)______

Mark the letter A, B, C, or Don your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word (s) in each of the following questions: 

A woman had a narrow escape when the car came round the corner. 

Work engineers are (i) _______ riding with drivers, timing everything from stops at traffic lights, to wait at customer’s doorway, to stairway climbs, to coffee break. And they are not (ii) _______  to pointing out the occasional inefficiency. Additionally, supervisors ride with the least good drivers, noting how they work and constantly (iii) _______ them until their work is up to standard. The (iv) _______ of all this work engineering is efficiency, and UPS has been called one of the most efficient companies anywhere. Il’s also a highly profitable company. Most drivers take the regimentation in stride: many show pride in meeting the UPS standards each day. Others, however, feel that they are constantly being pushed, that it is impossible for them to (v) _______ at work. UPS officials claim that the standards provide accountability. And, they say, employees who work according to UPS standards should feel less tired al the end of the day.

(iv)____

In 1866, the United States Congress passed legislation which permitted the use of the metric system in commercial dealings. The law, permissive rather than mandatory, (i)  _______  that any contract or dealing – as well as any court pleadings – would not be considered objectionable or invalid because of the use of the metric system in the dealing or reference to metric measurements and (ii) _______ in the legal documents or pleadings. American business people and scientists have continued to use the metric system and support it. Metrication is evident in America because goods that are produced (iii) _______ commercial purposes are labelled in metric units as well as non-mctric units. As the result of legislation in the 1980s, the federal government and (iv) _______ its agencies are now required to use metric measures. There are a few exceptions to this law and those exceptions (v) _______ around documents which are intended for consumers but the primary purpose of this law is to promote and strengthen the American manufacturing and trade posture and competitiveness throughout the metric world of nations

(iii)_____

Choose the best option:

What a mess! We _____ up here for hours.

To many people the idea of graffiti has negative images and responses. If the drawings are done on surfaces without permission, it is thought of as vandalism. And in many instances, a crime. In most countries of the world graffiti, not only has negative connotations but is also considered illegal. One of the reasons is that graffiti is placed on buildings and property not owned by the painter. And where it is applied without (i) _______ , it is usually done quickly W’ith products such as permanent markers and spray paint. Historically, though, graffiti was important to the Romans because it was a way of expressing the knowledge they had as a people as well as a way of expressing their appreciation of beauty of (ii) _______      subjects. Today, tourists can see for themselves examples of ancient graffiti when they visit the catacombs in Rome or Pompeii. Modem graffiti is considered an art form, but it is one whichis greatly misunderstood by most people. In the 1970s, when the punk rock movement was big, many of the anti­establishment groups wrote and drew on walls and other surfaces to draw attention to their cause, group, or agenda. A lot of bands also used graffiti to (iii) _______ recognition and notoriety. For about a (iv) _______ of a century, from the mid 1960s to the late 1980s, graffiti was considered in its prime as an art form. In urban areas, graffiti could be seen on the walls of vacant buildings, on subway station walls, and on the subway cars themselves. Political activities used the medium to transmit their messages because it was an easy and inexpensive way to do (v) _______.

(v)______

The use of “code talkers” had its beginnings in World War I when the Americans used Choctaw Indians during the battle of the Meuse Argonne in France in 1918. But none of the volunteers in war were (i) _______ recognized or honored for their contributions to the war effort until several years after the end of the Second World War. And it was not the Americans who (ii) _______ tribute to these volunteers first. It was the French, who, in 1989, honored the survivors by presenting them with an Order of Merit, which is the second-highest honor (iii) _______ valor that the French bestow. Ten years later, the United Slates Department of Defense recognized the sole surviving Comanche “code talker” for his bravery and achievements in a ceremony in Washington, D.C. and they presented him with an award created a few years before by the intelligence corps to recognize contributions such as the Comanchcs had made. The Comanche volunteers made an additional contribution to society as a (iv) _______  by their wartime efforts. These men, all of whom had attended school in America and had been chastised for trying to retain English, can be credited not only with helping to win the war but also with insuring the preservation of a language, which until after the war, had been nearly destroyed by its non-use. their native languages and criticized when they did not (v) _______ English, can be credited not only with helping to win the war but also with insuring the preservation of a language, which until after the war, had been nearly destroyed by its non-use.

(v)___

Vincent Van Gogh is a very famous painter from the 19th century. Van Gogh’s paintings are sold at very high prices because many collectors want his paintings. But unfortunately, when he was (i) _______ he did not have a happy life. Van Gogh was from a poor family in Holland and lived (ii) _______ his life at home. He lived a rather sad and (iii) _______ life. He drew things that he could sec cither around the quiet town of his parents’ home or outside his window. This was why he painted things like the sky, his room and even himself. Van Gogh once cut off his own car after drawing a picture of himself. He cut it off to show the person that said the ear in Van Gogh’s painting was not correct. It was very (iv) _______ him to do such a thing. Van Gogh was also (v) _______ a crazy man. He really did become crazy, and was sent to a mental hospital. Sadly, he killed himself when he was just 37.

(ii)____

Ang Lee’s work caught the (i) _______ of the William Morris Agency. This agency became interested in Ang’s movies and hired him. But in the end, they did not give Ang Lee a chance to make movies in the USA. (ii) _______ 6 years, Lee stayed home to take (iii) _______ of the house and his two children. His wife, Jane Ling, was a molecular (iv) _______ and supported the family. This situation was embarrassing for Lee because of the culture he grew (v) _______  in. But, during this hard time, he wrote many screenplays for movies

(iv)____

Every year a festival is held to commemorate the founding of our town over 150 years ago. The festival (i) _______ for a week and during that time many local people dress up in old- fashioned clothes, sometimes even wearing them at work. On the first day of the celebrations an opening (ii) _______ is performed by a visiting celebrity at the band-stand in the town centre. From there a colourful procession makes its way through the streets of the town. We spend weeks beforehand preparing the floats, many of (iii) _______ are sponsored by local firms and organizations. In addition to these floats, there are bands and street entertainers, such as fire caters, jugglers and clowns walking on stilts. The procession ends up in the park, where a large marquee has been erected around the marquee. There are various stalls where you can buy local produce or play traditional games. Throughout the week many events are organized to recreate life 150 years ago. You can have your photograph (iv) _______ wearing 19th century clothes or _______ learn traditional crafts such as basket-weaving. For the children there are puppet shows and talent contests. The festival attracts thousands of visitors, and what used to be just a small local event has now grown into a (v) _______ tourist attraction.

(i)_____