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In 1960, Americans spent 10% of their healthcare dollar on medicines. Most of the money came from their own pockets, and was spent on drugs that largely treated infections heart disease, arthritis and depression. Beyond that, there was little that science could offer. Today, the range of diseases for which medical research has some partial treatment is vast. Despite this, and the double digit increase in drug spending - 75%-90% of which is paid for by insurance companies - prescription drugs now account for 9% of total health expenditures.  Similarly, claims by insurers and corporations - that drug costs are driving insurance costs up in general - are overstated. According to health analyst J.D. Kleinke, since pharmacy costs represent only 9% of all spending, even increases of 20% could not be responsible for insurance premium increases of 10%-15% over the last two years: Premiums have been increasing far out of proportion to increasing total medical costs over the past three years.  The fact is we should spend more on newer, more expensive medicines because they are worth the investment. Medical innovation creates what Harvard economist David Cutler calls health capital — the ability of people to stay well early and consistently throughout their lives, and remain that way at an increasingly older age. In fact, under the most conservative assumption, the U.S would have needed only about 30% of the improvement in medical progress over the period in time. In the case of congestive heart failure, Mr. Cutler found that increased consumption of new and more expensive drugs and other innovative technologies generated longer life, more productivity and lower health costs that offset the cost of their development and consumption.  
2. Claims by insurers and corporations that drug costs are driving insurance costs are overstated because ____

Read the reading below carefully, and then complete it with the best option A, B, C or D given below:
Jane’s family decided to go to London last week because they want to __(1)__ a tour. The sight in London was so __(2)__ that she’s been there a few days but it __(3)__ to her only to be yesterday. It means __(4)__ she enjoyed the trip so much. She and her father stayed __(5)__ a very big hotel __(6)__ two hundred rooms. From there, they can __(7)__ reach Hyde Park, __(8)__ very big park in London. In here, people can buy from a needle __(9)__ an elephant in two best__(10)__ streets, Regent Street and Oxford Street

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Banana fiber is used in the production of banana paper. Banana paper is used in two different senses: to (23) _____ to a paper made from the bark of the banana tree, mainly used for artistic purposes, or paper made from banana’s fiber, (24) _____ from an industrialized process, from the stem and the non–usable fruits. The paper can be either hand–made or made by machine. The volume of raw (25) _____ for making banana paper around the world on plantations is vast and largely unutilized. The market for banana paper is seen as a growth industry. (26) _____ 1988, in Costa Rica, companies like EcoPaper.com and Costa Rica Natural Paper have been producing 100% industrialized fine environmental and ecological paper derived from natural banana fibers, for the writing and stationery market. This industry (27) _____ numerous waste products such as: the plastic that wraps the bananas, plastic cords to tie the wrapping, damaged bananas and the pinzote (stems). An alarming quantity of over of 92% of water, 3% of resins and 2% glucose; the rest is vegetal fiber. This particular composition makes it decompose without the solid component being destroyed. This causes a severe impact on the surrounding ecosystems – much to the detriment of rivers and underground waters

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The Spring festival season in Vietnam starts with the Lunar New Year and closes with the celebration honoring the mythical founding fathers, the Hung Kings, on the tenth day of the third lunar month. Underlying the origins of these rituals is the farming cycle and its association with fertility rites and ancestor worship. Ancestor worship is a belief of wet-rice farmers who keep their ancestors' graves in their village. This strong attachment to the village of one's birth and the recognition that the inhabitants all descend from the same ancestral line creates strong bonds. The village festival is based on the spirit of unity and family. The farmers are the festivals' creators, actors and audience.  Ancient ceremonies related to farming sometimes take on additional meanings: the commemoration of heroic deeds and the village heroes' birth or death. Each village in the North of Vietnam has such a heroic or super-human figure as a tutelary or guardian spirit. The heroes were honored in their own temples and communal houses which became the heart of the village activities.  There are basic themes which are common to all Spring festivals in the Red River Delta. For instance, water takes on an essential role. Water is collected and blessed and later used for ritual washing. There are boat races, fishing contests, snake dances and water puppet performances. In Chem village, in the suburbs of Hanoi on the banks of the Red River, the main part of the festival actually occurs on a barge carrying over 200 people waving flags, singing, dancing and chasing a unicorn. The barge sails from the temple out into the middle of the Red River, while elders in smaller boats fetch three large jars of water to be blessed and used in rituals during the year. The next day the blessed water is used for the symbolic washing of the wooden statue of the village guardian.
4. What is stated in paragraph 4 about boat races, fishing contests, snake dances and water puppet performances?

Read the reading below carefully, and then complete it with the best option A, B, C or D given below:
Voluntary work helps foster independence and imparts the ability to deal with different situations, often simulaneously, thus teaching people how to work  their way through different systems. It therefore brings people into touch with the real worls; and, hence, equips them for the future. Initially, young adults in their late teens might not seem to have the expertise or knowledge to impart to others that say a teacher or an agriculturalist or a nurse would have, (2)____ they do have many skills that can help others. And in the absence of any particular talent, their energy and enthusiasm can be harnessed for the benefit (3) ____ their fellow human beings, and ultimately themselves. From all this, the gain to any community no matter how many voluntees are involved is (4)_____ Employers will generally look favorably on people (5)_____ have shown an ability to work as part of a team. It demonstrates a willingness to learn and an independent spirit, which would be desirable qualities in any employee

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Tornadoes are known to have higher winds than tropical cyclones, (1)_________ tornadoes are much smaller. As a (2)_________, a tropical cyclone can be hundreds of kilometres wide, with destruction occurring in different degrees depending on which part of the cyclone hits the land. In contrast, tornadoes are usually less than a few hundred metres wide. These storms are (3)_________ destructive in the smaller areas in which they hit, but they are also short-lived. Tropical cyclones develop in areas where the seawater is warm and there is instability in the atmosphere. (4)_________ as tropical depressions, they begin to gather strength. As they are developing, they begin to rotate, with the differences in humidity and air temperature (5)_________ them until sufficient wind speeds are reached to be classified as a tropical cyclone

Read the reading below carefully, and then complete it with the best option A, B, C or D given below:
I live in a house near the sea. It is ................. (1) old house, about 100 years old and ................. (2) very small. There are two bedrooms upstairs ................. (3) no bathroom. The bathroom is down stairs ................. (4) the kitchen. There is a living room where there is a lovely old fire place. There is a garden ................. (5) the house. The garden ................. (6) down to the beach and in Spring and Summer ................. (7) flowers everywhere. I like sitting alone ................. (8) my dog, Rack, but we have a lot of visitors. My city friends often stay with ................. (9) I love my house for ................. (10)reasons: the garden, the flowers in Summer, the fire in winter, but the best thing is the view from my bedroom window

My name is Nora and I live in Sweden. I live in a small village in the mountains. I love mountains and I can't imagine my life without them. I live with my parents and my little sister. She is six and I am eleven.
My mum's name is Helen and my dad's name is Nick. My mum is a fitness coach at my school and my dad is a farmer. We have a small milk farm. That's why I am fond of sports and animals.
I get up at 6.30 and do my morning training together with my mum. Then I wake my sister up. We have a big breakfast and our mum takes us to school by her car.
After lessons I stay at school to practice basketball. It's my favourite sport. At that time my sister trains at the singing club. After that I go home with my sister by bus because my mum has some evening trainings.
After school I like to help my dad to take care of calves. They are so nice! In the evening I like reading books or going out with my friends. We are crazy about riding bikes at the weekend. I have got a cool green bike. I think I am the best bike rider because I go in for sports every day.
How many people are there in Nora’s family?

In England, when the schoolchildren come to school, they first (1)             to the cloakroom. They take (2)                 their coats and raincoats, their caps and hats, and then go to (3)                classroom.Some of the students go to the laboratories and workshops where they (4)            physics, chemistry and art. When a student is (5)           duty, he comes to (6)                     very early. He has to open (7)                 the windows, water the flowers and clean the blackboard so everything is ready for the first lesson. At seven thirty the teacher comes into the room and the lesson (8)              .

... he comes to (6)                     very early.

Read the passage and choose the best answer.

The Vietnamese students take part (1) ______ different after - school activities. Some students play sports. They often (2) __________ soccer, table tennis or badminton. Sometimes they (3) ________ swimming in the swimming pools. Some students like music, drama and movies. They often practice playing musical instrument in the school music room. They (4) __________ in the school theater group and usually rehearse plays. Some are members of the stamp collectors’ (5) ________. They often get together and talk about their stamps. A few students stay at home and play video games or computer games. Most of them enjoy their activities after school hours.

(4) ______

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The philosopher Aristotle said, “In poverty and other misfortunes of life, true friends are a sure refuge. They keep the young out of mischief; they comfort and aid the old in their weakness, and they incite those in the prime of life to noble deeds. “Growing up”, my mother always used to tell me “your friends are a reflection of you”. I did not quite understand this (20) _____ I started meeting individuals who kept, not so healthy friends in their lives and suddenly, as a young teenager, I learned to understand that the friends I keep in my life (21) _____ who I am and desire to be as a person and therefore I have learned to choose my friends wisely over the years. I do not care about the superficial (22) _____ such as looks, money, success or status but rather I emulate those (23) _____ bring laughter, joy, honesty and who can be there for me and also give me a firm kick in the butt when I need it. I always find it intriguing to meet friends of people I know because I can really get a sense of that person by the company they choose to (24) _____ in their life

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Tourism is a big business. Millions of people around Europe spend their winters planning their destinations for the following summer, and their summers (33) _____ to foreign climes for two weeks in the sun. They are the modern-day descendants of the aristocrats and the wealthy who would take months to complete the “Grand Tour” of Europe. But unlike their forefathers, tourists these days get a bad press. They're not (34) _____ in the local culture, we're told they're just after the chance to behave a bit more wildly than they do at home. What's more, they damage the local environment and don't respect the locals and their way of life. But are tourists really to blame ? (35) _____ is it the fault of the tourist industry, which has failed to provide reasonably-priced alternatives? And if the local resort only offers a succession of bars for the tourists to visit, can we really criticise them for not doing more cultural activities? One holiday company, Far and Away, claims that tourists are crying out for more cultural holidays and believes that it has (36) _____ to come up with a range of package holidays which are affordable, culturally interesting, and environmentally friendly. Their brochure, which is to be (37) _____ later this month, offers 200 holidays based on cultural themes, including history and architecture, learning the language, meeting the locals

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The outbreaks of the African Swine Fever (ASF) were observed in 17 provinces and cities in Vietnam. (33)_____ to the Department of Animal Health's latest report on March 14. The Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Nguyen Xuan Cuong held an (34)_____ meeting with heads of 63 provinces and cities on March 14 to discuss preventative measures to prevent the spread of the disease, shortly after receiving the test results (35)_____ confirmed that the pigs are positive for the deadly virus, responsible agencies soon buried diseased pigs and disinfected infected farms with chemicals in the premises of the burying areas. Minister Nguyen Xuan Cuong said outbreaks hit small farms for past time and it may be big losses if the disease is (36)_____ to the South which raises big herd of hog and is the major market for pig products. Minister Cuong stressed that all localities ought to revise and adopt proper measures as per the government's directive No.4/CT–TTG on the synchronous implementation of urgent solutions to control ASE In a related news of ASF, ten drivers were (37)_____ VND 300 million ($12.913) for transporting 350 kilograms of pork but couldn't produce receipt of origin and hygiene certificates, said the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development

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Maybe you are staying in a city, and there is no park nearby where you can take your morning job. One of the more recent trend is to go on a running tour, but you are not leading the way. Rather, a running (1)_________ who knows the best (2)_________ in the city acts as your guide. You are going out for a run, but you are also being shown highlights of the city while you are doing it. Guided running tours are a trend that seems to be catching (3)_________ in quite a few of the bigger cities in the United States. New York City, Chicago,  and San Francisco are just three of the major cities that have running tours in (4)_________. They offer these tours to individuals, groups, and even for corporate events. If you are going into a city with colleagues to attend a business meeting or a convention, what better way is there to see the city and network with others (5)_________ while taking a healthy run?

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European bees pass the winter by sleeping in its hives, which cuts off the bee-eater’s main source of food

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ASEAN was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok by the five original member countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Brunei Darussalam joined on 8 January 1984, Vietnam on 28 July 1995, Laos and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999.  The ASEAN Declaration states that the aims and purposes of the Association are: (1) to accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavors in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian nations, and (2) to promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries in the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter. In 1995, the ASEAN Heads of State and Government re-affirmed that "Cooperative peace and shared prosperity shall be the fundamental goals of ASEAN.”  The Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) in Southeast Asia, signed at the First ASEAN Summit on 24 February 1976, declared that in their relations with one another, the High Contracting Parties should be guided by the following fundamental principles:  • Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of all nations;  • The right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion, or coercion;  • Non-interference in the internal affairs of one another;  • Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful manner;  • Renunciation of the threat or use of force; and  • Effective cooperation among themselves.  The TAC stated that ASEAN political and security dialogue and cooperation should airn to promote regional peace and stability by enhancing regional resilience. Regional resilience shall be achieved by cooperating in all fields based on the principles of self confidence, self-reliance, mutual respect, cooperation, and solidarity, which shall constitute the foundation for a strong and viable community of nations in Southeast Asia. 
5. The word "their" in the passage refers to 

Read the reading below carefully, and then complete it with the best option A, B, C or D given below:
Tattooing is an old art. In ancient Greece, people who had tattoos were (1) ______ as members of the upper classes. It was not (2) ______ the late 18th century,  when Captain Cook saw South Sea Islanders decorating their bodies with tattoos,  that attitude began to change. Sailors came back from these islands with pictures  of Christ on the backs and from then on, tattooing (3) ______ in popularity. A  survey by the French army in 1881 showed that (4) ______ the 378 men  questioned there were 1333 designs. 
Nowadays, not everybody finds tattoos acceptable. Some people think that getting  one is silly because tattoos are more or less permanent. There is also some (5) ______ about catching a blood disease from unsterilized needles

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People have five senses. We have a sense of sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste. Believe (31) _________, your sense of smell is very important. Our nose tells us about our environment. When your nose smells something, it sends information to our brain. Smells tell us if there is danger nearby, or if there is something to eat. Of course, these tools were more useful in the past, but they still come (32) _________ today. The things you smell can affect your (33) _________. If you smell something nice, you are more likely to be happy. On the other hand, if you smell something unpleasant, you are more likely to be unhappy. That is (34) _________ there are so many businesses that work to create nice scents. Businesses also work on the best ways to deliver scents to people’s noses. Candles (35) _________ a whole room smell better. Oils and soaps also have health benefits.

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As more and more people concentrate in cities, planners are looking for ways to (31) _________ cities into better living spaces. This can be (32) _________ by improving existing infrastructure while also creating more public spaces that are both beautiful and green. This can be hard to accomplish, especially in cities with a haphazard fashion. Some cities have been created with the idea of a green city as the goal. One such city, Masdar City in the United Arab Emirates, aims to become a (33) _________ for other cities to follow. It is being known as a truly green city that relies strictly on renewable sources such as solar energy to provide all of its energy needs. In addition, it will be a zero waste city in which (34) _________ that is used can be recycled. (35) _________ it will truly accomplish its goal remains to be seen, but it will also act as an experiment for environmentally-friendly areas to be tested

Read the passage below and answer the question

My country has four seasons. They are spring, summer, fall and winter. In the spring, the spring is usually warm. Sometimes, it is cold, but not very cold. There are many flowers in the spring. In the summer, the day is long and the night is short. We often go swimming in this season. This fall is the season of fruits. In the winter, it's usually very cold. The day is short and the night is long.

In the fall, people can enjoy so many......

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Love is very different from friendship. If you've got a crush on someone you can't wait to see them.  If it's just an acquaintance you (1) ____ probably wait until tomorrow, or the day after. One thing is for sure: You'll probably see your blood relatives every day! Luckily, you don't need to see your (2) ____ relatives quite as often, though. When (3) ____ comes to business, you'll probably see your business partner daily, but you'll stay away from nemesis as often as you can.  Let's face it: love is complicated. I've heard from a number of people (4) ____ have experienced unrequited love, and they're never the same! There are also all kinds of (5) ____. For example, if you've had a casual date, do you want to go out again? Are you tired of your steady date? Well, maybe it's time for a new love-interest!