___________ energy is produced by collecting sunlight and converting it into electricity.

Scientific remedies are not the only ways people combat motion sickness. Ginger has long been used as a traditional home remedy to (i) ________ upset stomach. Now ginger being used to help alleviate the nauseous effects of motion sickness. Ginger root, taken in the form of capsules, has been the subject of studies on motion sickness and has been found to be effective in helping keep the sickness from materializing. Ginger root, consumed in its raw form, however, has been found to have severe irritating effects on people. The effectiveness of the capsules containing ginger root (ii) ________ to result from the herb’s acting within the gastrointestinal tract to absorb toxins and gastric activity. Ginger tea, cookies, candy and even ginger ale have also been found helpful in preventing and remedying motion sickness. Vitamin B6 has been reported to be a nausea (iii) ________ as has been aromatherapy. (iv) ________ all of the scientific and natural herbal remedies considered to be solutions for motion sickness, some people think that scientific assistance is (v) ________ little value and that keeping their eyes on the horizon, eliminating reading in closed quarters, rest, and getting as much fresh air as possible are better solutions for the balance problems caused by motion.

(iii)_______

Animism is another important belief of Polynesian cultures. With animism, the spirits (i) _______ to have personalities and human-like traits. Sometimes the spirits are referred to as “he” and “she” by people who believe in animism. Spirits are reported to animate natural objects and everything in nature – whether a flower, dirt, or a rock – are thought to have their own unique, different spirit. The Native American cultures also believed in animism, but their concept of this belief was (ii) _______ different from the Polynesians’ belief. While the Polynesians believed everything possessed different spirits, the Native Americans believed that everything in nature had the same spirit. Both cultures believed that the spirits could be good, bad, or neutral (iii) _______ that the spirits could be loving, frightening, or mischievous.

They also believed that if people did things to displease the spirits then the spirits might respond to those who had displeased them in unfriendly and unpleasant ways. Most cultures believe in the ghosts or souls of ancestors because most cultures believe there is a separation of the body and soul (iv) _______ death.

The cultures which believe in ancestral spirits believe these spirits remain an integral part of the family and that, if treated well, the ancestors will bless the families in many ways – whether in business success, agricultural production, or personal relationships. Asian cultures (v) _______ to have a more favourable attitude about ancestral spirits than do the European cultures who often believe that the ghosts of ancestors can be dangerous and do frightening things such as haunting houses.

(i)____-

Musicals are a wonderful (i) _______ of entertainment. While plays are theatrical productions which tell a story through written words of a script and are presented by (ii) _______, musicals are stories told with lyrics and music. In New York, many of the theatres where the famous and well-known musicals are performed are on or near Broadway and (iii) _______ that reason, the musicals are often referred to as “Broadway Musicals”. Some of the lesser known productions, whether theatrical or musical, (iv) _______________ also performed in New York, but these are usually performed in other areas of the city and are referred to as “Off-Broadway” productions. Some of the same musicals being performed in New York are also being performed throughout the world in major cities. And not all musicals are first performed in New York. Sometimes, shows open in London’s West End which is home to numerous theatres (v) _______ musicals, as well as plays, are performed with great frequency and regularity to full-house audiences.

(i)_____-

You should _________ right and left when you go across the roads.

Today the move away from rigid rules makes it much easier (i) _________  the right way to behave because there are fewer out and out ‘wrongs’. Of course there are still a few situations where inflexible lilies apply although these are mainly concerned with official functions. But nine times out of ten, the way you choose to behave is (ii) _________you, with one very important proviso that you keep firmly in mind the basis on which etiquette has grown up; in other words, the need to always consider other people’s feelings first. Some people, for instance, are very informal and outgoing by (iii) _________, while others prefer to be more reserved and formal. Younger people tend to be less formal than their parents. Habits can (iv) _________in different parts of the country. Behavior which may be commonplace in the capital – like arriving later than the stated time – can often be unconventional elsewhere. Just remember the basic rule of consideration for others, and when in doubt, follow the example of those around you. Etiquette is a skill that is easily learned and it brings the benefits of other people’s appreciation whenever you (v) _________ in practice. It’s a pleasure to spend time with people who are reliably courteous and considerate; it’s also pleasant to feel that you will always know what to do or say in any circumstances, mundane or extraordinary.

(iv)_______

Amelia Earhart, America’s most famous woman pilot, was bom into a wealthy family in 1897. At the age of 23, she began taking flying lessons in California. (i) ________ having a number of crashes, which

were fairly common in the early days of aviation, she decided to make flying her career. In 1932, she became the first woman to make a solo flight across the AtlantiC. She set out on May 20th, and not only (ii) ________  in arriving safely, but she managed to do it in record time as well. She was awarded honours of all kinds. As her fame grew, she travelled round the country giving lectures and (iii) ________ women’s rights. In 1937, she decided to do something that no woman had tried before – to fly all the way round the world. She reached Australia, and set off on the last part of her journey across the Pacific on July 2nd. A few hours later she sent a radio message saying she was running (iv)    fuel. Then there was silence. President Roosevelt immediately had the area (v) ________, but the 9 ships and 66 planes were unable to find any sign of her. Since her death, there have been many stories about her; some say that she was captured by the Japanese, others claim that she lived on a South Pacific island with a fisherman. However, although many people have tried to work out exactly what happened, no trace of her or the plane has ever been found.

(iii)______-

Liza Cooke works (i) _______ vso, a voluntary charity organization. For the last three years she (ii) _______ English in a primary school in a small village in Nigeria. Before that she lived with her parents in a semi-detached house in Croydon, and worked in an office in north London. Her life changed dramatically after she decided to join vso as a volunteer worker. “I used to travel to work every day by train. The journey would take between forty minutes and an hour. Now it only takes me a few minutes. I used to work in a large office with about thirty other people. Now 1 teach classes of up to fifty children. I still work (iii)         _______  well, more or less. The classroom has walls but no windows! I used to hale my office job. It was so boring. But teaching is so different -I really enjoy it. Of course, working in an office and living at home (iv) _______ that I had a lot of free time. I would go out every night of the week and enjoy myself. I never stayed at home. Now 1 find 1 have hardly (v) _______ free time, but I don’t mind. I seem to spend most of my free time doing

(ii)______

(i) _______ history, women have always aimed for a recognized place in society. Guided by their own (ii) _______ of knowledge and expertise, women like Marie Curie in science, Mary Wollstonecraft in literary writing, Simone de Beauvois in philosophical existentialist debate, and Marie Stopes in medicine, to name a few, have brought about an awareness of the role of the women in any walks of life. These women have helped redefine and (iii) _______ the nature of women’s place in society. Today the (iv) _______  of global women’s organizations and the impact of women’s contributions (v) _______  society show that progress has been made and the progress in furthering the role of women in society has been some benefit to the individual woman. It is true to say that not all women have the same need.

(iii)_______

Electric charges never stand (i) _______ , but flow from one point to another. This flow is called an electric current and is measured in ampere. Many modern electronic devices (ii) _______ use of electric currents in order to transport electric energy. In nature, there is also (iii) _______ stored electricity, which comes out and is released through lightning during a storm. Men have stored electric energy in huge power stations, (iv) _______ then transmit or send electricity to customers by (v) _______ wires. The electric energy used by customers is measured in watts.

(iii)_____

He tried to even _____ the distribution of work among his employees. 

In Poland, there are many customs at Easter: for example, the ‘blessing basket’, (i) _______ (amongother things) coloured eggs, bread, salt and white sausages. (ii) _______ in the basket has a meaning: the eggs represent Christ; the bread, salt and sausages, good health and enough money in the coming year. The family Easter breakfast on Sunday morning is (iii) _______ important as Christmas dinner for Poles.

And there is one more Polish tradition connected with Easter Monday: ‘watering’. People throw water (iv) _______ each other, and this is a (v) _______ for good health, too. Even strangers on the street are not safe from a bath of cold -water on Easter Monday!

(i)_____

Emily Can- had a very strong (i) _______ . She was very independent and creative, (ii) _______ she was also moody and unfriendly with people she didn’t like. In the studio (iii) _______ painted, the chairs were hanging from the ceiling with ropes so there was no place for visitors to sit down. Maybe if she liked the visitor, she would use a rope to (iv) _______ a chair to sit on! She had a soft spot for (v)_______ and kept dogs, cats, rabbits and even a pct monkey named “Woo”!

(i)____

Work engineers are (i) _______ riding with drivers, timing everything from stops at traffic lights, to wait at customer’s doorway, to stairway climbs, to coffee break. And they are not (ii) _______  to pointing out the occasional inefficiency. Additionally, supervisors ride with the least good drivers, noting how they work and constantly (iii) _______ them until their work is up to standard. The (iv) _______ of all this work engineering is efficiency, and UPS has been called one of the most efficient companies anywhere. Il’s also a highly profitable company. Most drivers take the regimentation in stride: many show pride in meeting the UPS standards each day. Others, however, feel that they are constantly being pushed, that it is impossible for them to (v) _______ at work. UPS officials claim that the standards provide accountability. And, they say, employees who work according to UPS standards should feel less tired al the end of the day.

(iv)____

An interesting form of (i) _______ throughout the British Empire in the 18th-19th centuries. At that time, England had established many colonies all around the globe. But these places were very far away. If people came to live there, they did not return to England ever again since traveling (ii) _______ ship was rather long and dangerous. Englishmen who settled in such far-off colonies often found (iii) _______ alone. The only women around were the natives. But (iv) _______ and Dutch saw no trouble in marrying native women, Englishmen were very conservative. They would write letters home and ask relatives or neighbors to send them a local wife. Many women had no dowry so they agreed to the transaction. The man would pay for their ship voyage to the colonies and the woman would work all her life to pay him back. It is believed that these marriages were (v) _______ of all.

(iv)______

I began volunteering at the age of fourteen. At the time, there was no mandatory volunteering requirement; volunteering was a personal choice (i) _______ my own interest. My interests centered on helping children – especially children with special needs. At our school we had a special needs classroom with a number of special needs children. Twice a week I would work (ii) _______ the teacher’s helper.

Through the work I did, I (iii) _______ two things: I was happiest when I volunteered, and I was good at helping special needs students. I am now (iv) _______, have a college degree in special education, and still do volunteer work at a community center (v) _______ troubled teenagers. I guess I would say that the volunteer work I did at age fourteen changed my life forever.

(ii)____

Health experts suggest that to stay healthy and happy, it’s important to keep our lives in balance. Chinese philosophy, which has spanned thousands of years, uses the principles of yin and yang to explain importance of balance in life. Explained simply, yang represents the active elements of the universe, (i) _______ the yin represents the passive elements. This expresses the importance of balance in all aspects of living. Today health experts agree that it’s important to have a balanced life. For example, they’ve said it’s necessary to have a balance between work and rest and to have a balanced exercise program. (ii) _______, I’m sure you’d agree that in our busy world, it’s not always easy to get and keep balanced in our lives. Due to business or study deadlines, many people work to excess, leaving little time at the end of their busy day to spend with family and friends. They cat fast-food and don’t get enough rest or recreation and then suffer badly from the effects of stress. It’s sad that this situation often is the answer to happen when people believe that access to (iii)   happiness instead of understanding the importance of balanced living.While ambition can be a good thing, having too much ambition can cause a person to become ‘out of balance’. Of course it’s also unbalanced to spend too much time on entertainment and pleasure activities, with little or no time (iv) _______ to work or education. Balance means allocating enough time for all the important aspects of life, such as spending time with family and friends, working or studying, as well as resting and relaxing. Experts now tell US that having balance in our life is the answer, not only to health and happiness, but also to success. If you’re balanced, you’ll have more energy and you’ll reach your ambitions in a more relaxed fashion, with less stress. So  (v) _______ is your life? Do you need to allocate your time differently to have better balance in your life?

(v)______

Dear Mr Hill,

With (i) _______ to your advertisement in the Educational Gazette, I would like to (ii) _______ one of the scholarships your Trust is offering to students who wish to continue their studies at a British university. I am 22 years old and have just graduated in English Philology from the Complutense University in Madrid, Spain. I am very interested in doing a Master’s degree in English literature. My (iii) _______ interest is the English playwright Arnold Wesker. However, it is almost impossible for me to study Wesker here in Spain, as he is not very well-known. I would really need to come to Britain. Unfortunately, the (iv) _______ of university fees in your country makes that almost impossible. I would also be living away from home. My parents could contribute so mething towards my keep but that is all. My level of English is good I passed the TOEFL iBT test last year with a score of 106.

I hope you will (v) _______ my application.

Yours sincerely,

(iii)___

River travel was inexpensive and quicker than land travel in Egypt. Some of the river traffic was conducted (i) ________ the purpose of importing exotic products such as ivory, gold, and ostrich feathers from faraway lands. But with riches (ii) ________ potential trouble. The river was not only home to fishermen and shipbuilders but was also home to some unsavoury individuals. Because the Nile became a ma jor trade route (iii) ________ ancient times, those who wanted to pick the pockets of the traders were specialized in piracy and theft. The pharaohs used the Nile to transport stones to build their majestic Pyramids and to carry necessities for their after-life which would furnish their tombs. They also used the Nile to sail their funeral boats up and down the river to the burial sites. Sometimes full-sized boats were buried with the pharaohs to help them with their journey in their after-life but when the tradition became too (iv) ________, models of the boats were placed in the tombs (v) ________.

(iv)____

 I ____ a car next year.

Around 1190, Tcmujjin and his close allies and advisers began to unite many (i) _____ Mongol clans. Using his strong will and charisma, he managed to persuade (ii) _____ of those fighting and warring clans to accept him as the one and only leader. It seems Tcmujjin had a gift, the unusual ability to act as a leader and (iii) _____ respect. Several tribes tried to oppose him. There were a lot of betrayals and killings, but eventually Tcmujjin managed to do what nobody had ever done before: unite all Mongols (iv) _____  one nation in 1206. In honor of his achievements, the Mongol clan chiefs (v) _____Tcmujjin the title Khan, or “leader”.

(iv)_____