Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The population of the world is growing very fast. In the last 40 years, it has doubled. By the year 2200, it will be about 10,000 million. Our cities will be much bigger. There will be more factories and more roads. We will need more water and more natural resources. Experts say that we will have serious problems in the future. They say that we must change the way we use energy and natural resources now.

Every day we throw away millions of tones of rubbish. Half of this is paper that we can use again. A typical family in Europe or America throws away more than l tone of rubbish each year, but we can recycle most of this. If we recycle things, we can save money, energy, and natural resources. Recycling the Sunday New York Times newspaper, for example, will save 75,000 trees every week.

A lot of rubbish we throw away is not biodegradable. Plastic, mental and chemicals will not disappear for hundreds of years. We also produce a lot of unnecessary things, such as packaging. All of this pollutes the air, the land 'and the water. Pollution will be a very big problem in the future. We must avoid using non-biodegradable material. We must also reduce the amount of unnecessary things that we produce and use. In shops, for example, we can say ‘No, thanks!’ to the packaging that comes with the things we buy.

Many natural resources are not renewable. Coal, gas, oil, metals and minerals, for example, will finish one day. Other resources take a long time to grow, such as trees, or they are not always available, such as water. We have to reduce the amount of resources and energy that we use. We also have to find alternative ways to make energy. We can use the sun, the wind, the sea and the heat of the Earth.

The certain consequence of a fast growing population is that……….

A (n) _____child means a child who behaves badly and saddens his parents.

Choose the word that has different pronunciation: bought, sought, drought, fought.

That carcinogenic substances _______ in many common household items is well-known.

People who are unhappy sometimes try to compensate by eating too much.

This small town developed ______ I had expected.

The word ‘this’ in the passage refers to ……….

Smart cards and mobile phones are becoming an increasingly popular way to make all sorts of payments. Even now, in Japan thousands of transactions, from paying rail tickets to picking up the groceries, take place every day with customers passing their handsets across a small flat-screen device. And predictions in the world of finance reckon that payments using mobile phones will have risen to more than $50 billion in the very near future.

What's the appeal of e-cash? Compared to cheques or credit cards, it offers the speed of cash, but more so. It takes just one tenth of a second to complete most transactions and as no change is required, errors in counting are eliminated. Fraud and theft are also reduced and for the retailer, it reduces the cost of handling money. Sony's vision of having a chip embedded in computers. TVs and games consoles means that films, music and games can be paid for easily and without having to input credit card details.

And what about the future of the banks? Within grip on the market, banks and credit-card firms want to be in a position to collect most of the fees from the users of mobile and contactless-payment systems. But the new system could prove to be a "disruptive technology" as far as the banks are concerned. If payments for a few coffees, a train ticket and a newspaper are made every day by a commuter with a mobile, this will not appear on their monthly credit card statements but on their mobile phone statements. And having spent fortunes on branding, credit-card companies and banks do not want to see other payment systems gaining popularity. It's too early to say whether banks will miss out and if so, by how much. However, quite a few American bankers are optimistic. They feel there is reason to be suspicious of those who predict that high-street banks may be a thing of the past. They point out that Internet banking did not result in the closure of their high-street branches as was predicted. On the contrary, more Americans than ever are using local branches. So, as to whether we'll become a totally cash-free society or not, we’ll have to wait and see.

What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

Why does the author mention "a small flat-screen device" in the first paragraph?

Choose the word that has different primary stress: exceptions, uncertainty, identifier, disappointments.

Just like Mahatma Gandhi, who advocated non-violent methods of struggle, Picasso fought against fascism by peaceful means. (underlined words CLOSET in meaning with)

(29) ___________

As the two teams left the football ground, the 100,000 ___ gave them a standing ovation.

The author mentions the case of commuters in the third paragraph to illustrate …….

The number of wildlife habitat reserves have been established in order to save endangered species from extinction. (underlined part that needs correction)

It turned out that we _______ rushed  to the airport as the plane was delayed by several hours.

Lauren’s predominant features, what you first noticed about her, were her stunning black hair and large, dark eyes.

(32) ___________

George took _______ of the fine weather to feed his baby tiger in the garden.

He was very tired. He agreed to help me with my homework.