Which is the most popular recreation _________summer? 

The battle was on, and the Canadians delivered. After (i) ________ minor step errors by Sikharulidze, Sale and Pelletier gave a mesmerizing performance and people were expecting them to win. The shock came when 4 (ii) ________ 5 judges placed the Canadians in second place. The public booed as the gracious, yet the confused pair accepted their silver medal. An official protest was launched and, following the results of a formal investigation, it was determined that the French judge had been pressured into giving the highest mark to the Russian skaters in return for a win of the French couple Marina Anissina and Gwcndal Pcizcrat in the ice dancing competition. The judge at (iii) ________ was promptly suspended, and a second gold medal was awarded to the Canadian team. A new marking system was (iv) ________  place in order to (v) ________ any future possibilities for misconduct.

(ii)_____

Once upon a time, people left school or university, joined a company and stayed with it until they retired. The concept of a job for life is now long (i) _______ , and nowadays many employees find it hard to stay loyal to their companies for even a relatively short period of time. According to a recent survey, this is particularly (ii) _______ in London, where more than half of those asked said that they constantly keep one eye on other job opportunities (iii) _______ they are fairly happy in their existing jobs. A high number of London workers say that they are always on the (iv) _______ although they are content andmotivated in their current position. Job seekers find that the internet (v) _______ them with a quick and easy way to find out what’s available, and 53 per cent said that they had applied for a job or registered with an employment agency in the past 12 months.

(v)______

Self-control and emotional regulation requires a lot of practice and will power, but is proven to lead to more success later in life. Scientific studies have demonstrated that children who (i) ______ able to resist temptation and control their impulses grow into socially more competent, confident and assertive adults, while their counterparts are (ii) ______ to become more stubborn, (iii) ______ and stressed.

Refusing to give in to the pleasure of the moment in order to pursue a higher long-term goal is a sign of maturity and certain indicator of success. The final ingredient in ssthe overall make-up of one’s emotional intelligence is (iv) ______, or the ability to understand and react to other people’s feelings. An individual with strong interpersonal skills is more likely to have a large social network that he can rely on (v) ______ something should go wrong. It has been ascertained that people with many friends and acquaintances have in easier al finding a new job than those who lead a solitary life.

(iii)______

The groom usually traveled to the house of the bride for the ceremony, then stayed there for three days (i) _______ taking his new bride to his family’s home. The actual ceremony involved many small rituals, with many bows and symbolic gestures. The (ii) _______were expected to control their emotions and remain somber. (iii) _______ Koreans have kept several aspects of the traditional ceremony, most modem ceremonies resemble Western marriage ceremonies more than (iv) _______ Korean ones.

However, many folk villages and museums across the country regularly perform ceremonies to (v) _______ the traditions alive.

(iv)______

The Amazon rainforest is in very big danger of disappearing. 9,169 square miles of forest (i) _______ down in 2003 in Brazil (ii) _______. An area of the size of a football field is burned down basically every minute, which means that the rain forest may be gone by the year 2030. The dangers related to this type of activity are very obvious. Trees (iii) _______ poisonous carbon dioxide from the air and give off oxygen. There is more oxygen and (iv) _______ carbon dioxide around a rainforest. When trees are cut down, however, the amount of carbon dioxide increases and the air gets wanner. This leads to global wanning, which is extremely harmful to the environment. (v) _______ is estimated that the burning of Brazilian rainforests alone produces 200 million metric tones of carbon dioxide a year.

(iv)_____

To many people the idea of graffiti has negative images and responses. If the drawings are done on surfaces without permission, it is thought of as vandalism. And in many instances, a crime. In most countries of the world graffiti, not only has negative connotations but is also considered illegal. One of the reasons is that graffiti is placed on buildings and property not owned by the painter. And where it is applied without (i) _______ , it is usually done quickly W’ith products such as permanent markers and spray paint. Historically, though, graffiti was important to the Romans because it was a way of expressing the knowledge they had as a people as well as a way of expressing their appreciation of beauty of (ii) _______      subjects. Today, tourists can see for themselves examples of ancient graffiti when they visit the catacombs in Rome or Pompeii. Modem graffiti is considered an art form, but it is one whichis greatly misunderstood by most people. In the 1970s, when the punk rock movement was big, many of the anti­establishment groups wrote and drew on walls and other surfaces to draw attention to their cause, group, or agenda. A lot of bands also used graffiti to (iii) _______ recognition and notoriety. For about a (iv) _______ of a century, from the mid 1960s to the late 1980s, graffiti was considered in its prime as an art form. In urban areas, graffiti could be seen on the walls of vacant buildings, on subway station walls, and on the subway cars themselves. Political activities used the medium to transmit their messages because it was an easy and inexpensive way to do (v) _______.

(v)______

The use of “code talkers” had its beginnings in World War I when the Americans used Choctaw Indians during the battle of the Meuse Argonne in France in 1918. But none of the volunteers in war were (i) _______ recognized or honored for their contributions to the war effort until several years after the end of the Second World War. And it was not the Americans who (ii) _______ tribute to these volunteers first. It was the French, who, in 1989, honored the survivors by presenting them with an Order of Merit, which is the second-highest honor (iii) _______ valor that the French bestow. Ten years later, the United Slates Department of Defense recognized the sole surviving Comanche “code talker” for his bravery and achievements in a ceremony in Washington, D.C. and they presented him with an award created a few years before by the intelligence corps to recognize contributions such as the Comanchcs had made. The Comanche volunteers made an additional contribution to society as a (iv) _______  by their wartime efforts. These men, all of whom had attended school in America and had been chastised for trying to retain English, can be credited not only with helping to win the war but also with insuring the preservation of a language, which until after the war, had been nearly destroyed by its non-use. their native languages and criticized when they did not (v) _______ English, can be credited not only with helping to win the war but also with insuring the preservation of a language, which until after the war, had been nearly destroyed by its non-use.

(iv)___

In Poland, there are many customs at Easter: for example, the ‘blessing basket’, (i) _______ (amongother things) coloured eggs, bread, salt and white sausages. (ii) _______ in the basket has a meaning: the eggs represent Christ; the bread, salt and sausages, good health and enough money in the coming year. The family Easter breakfast on Sunday morning is (iii) _______ important as Christmas dinner for Poles.

And there is one more Polish tradition connected with Easter Monday: ‘watering’. People throw water (iv) _______ each other, and this is a (v) _______ for good health, too. Even strangers on the street are not safe from a bath of cold -water on Easter Monday!

(v)_____

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions: 

You should put yourself on the back for having achieved such a high score in the graduation exam. 

Islands are geographical formations that are completely surrounded by water, yet many islands are (i) _______________ a rich assortment of plant life. It may seem surprising that so much plant life exists on many islands, yet there are surprisingly simple explanations as to (ii) _______the vegetation has been able to establish itself there. Some islands were formerly attached to larger bodies of land, (iii) _______others were created on their own. Islands that were created when Hooding or rising water levels cut them off from their neighbors often still have the plant life that they had before they were cut off. In cases where islands formed out of the ocean, they may have plant life from neighboring lands even though they were never actually attached to the neighboring lands. Winds (iv) _______many seeds to islands; some plants produce extremely light seeds that can float thousands of feet above the Earth and then drift down to islands where y can sprout and develop. Birds also carry seeds to islands; as birds move over open stretches of water, they can (v)       _______the transportation system to spread seeds from place to place.

(iii)____

The origins of golf have been debated for quite a long time, but the Scots get the credit for practicing the sport sometime during the 15th century. Reports dating back to the Song Dynasty as early as the 10lh century (i) ________ that the Chinese nobility also used (ii) ________ a game named “chuiwan” by means of 10 different clubs, a game which later must have been imported to Europe during the Middle Ages by Mongolian travellers. Regardless of these claims, however, it remains a fact (iii) ________ the game of golf players as we know it over a distance of 18 holes is of Scottish descent. Thus a golf course is a tract of land that includes up to 18 or 19 holes, but (iv) ________ less than 9. A hole designates both the open in the ground into which a golf ball is displaced, as well as the total distance from the tee, or the starting point, to the green, or the grassy area surrounding the actual hole, which is also termed a cup. The bar of grill of the clubhouse where most golfers meet at the end of a game is referred to in colloquial terms (v) ________ “the 19th hotel”.

(iii)______

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions: 

 In astronomy, a scale of magnitude from one to six denotes the brightness of astar. 

Liza Cooke works (i) _______ vso, a voluntary charity organization. For the last three years she (ii) _______ English in a primary school in a small village in Nigeria. Before that she lived with her parents in a semi-detached house in Croydon, and worked in an office in north London. Her life changed dramatically after she decided to join vso as a volunteer worker. “I used to travel to work every day by train. The journey would take between forty minutes and an hour. Now it only takes me a few minutes. I used to work in a large office with about thirty other people. Now 1 teach classes of up to fifty children. I still work (iii)         _______  well, more or less. The classroom has walls but no windows! I used to hale my office job. It was so boring. But teaching is so different -I really enjoy it. Of course, working in an office and living at home (iv) _______ that I had a lot of free time. I would go out every night of the week and enjoy myself. I never stayed at home. Now 1 find 1 have hardly (v) _______ free time, but I don’t mind. I seem to spend most of my free time doing

(ii)______

SOME GOLDEN TIPS FOR MANAGING STRESS

Notice what makes you feel very anxious. Face your anxieties.
See what you can change in those areas (i)_______ you are doing too much.
Are you (ii) ______ to things? Is it necessary to get so upset/ anxious / angry?
Are you breathing too fast? Slow, deep breathing helps you relax.
Try using some relaxation techniques (iii) ______ yoga or biofeedback. They can be very useful inhelping you relax.

(iii)____

Special effects, abbreviated SPFX or SPF, are a (i) _______ enhancing and intensifying the impact a filmed scene has on its audience in order to create an optical illusion which would render that particular image undistinguishable (ii) _______  reality. Special effects engineers have at their disposal a (iii) _______ number of techniques, ranging from traditional theatre effects to sophisticated photography and modem computer graphics, which are often used in one single shot (iv) _______ create the desired effect.

Most special effects are employed to obtain effects that cannot (v) _______ by normal means, such as intcrgalactic battles or space travelling; others are substituted for more expensive real-life effects, such as high-blast explosions, while others still are there to recreate the particular atmosphere of long- ago times, such as restoring the arehitectural splendour of a princely castle.

(v)______

Penguins are usually dark in color, and have a white belly. These colors protect them (i) _______ other animals, such as killer whales and sea lions, which hunt penguins lor food. These animals often cannot tell penguins and water (ii) _______ When they look at the white belly of a penguin from below, they often mistake it for water. The dark (iii) _______ skin offers similar protection to penguins outside of the water. Penguins have a very special way of moving across land. They waddle; that is they make short steps and rock slowly back and forth (iv) _______ moving. They are mistakenly thought to be slow and clumsy, but in fact are very agile and (v) _______.

(ii)___

Animism is another important belief of Polynesian cultures. With animism, the spirits (i) _______ to have personalities and human-like traits. Sometimes the spirits are referred to as “he” and “she” by people who believe in animism. Spirits are reported to animate natural objects and everything in nature – whether a flower, dirt, or a rock – are thought to have their own unique, different spirit. The Native American cultures also believed in animism, but their concept of this belief was (ii) _______ different from the Polynesians’ belief. While the Polynesians believed everything possessed different spirits, the Native Americans believed that everything in nature had the same spirit. Both cultures believed that the spirits could be good, bad, or neutral (iii) _______ that the spirits could be loving, frightening, or mischievous.

They also believed that if people did things to displease the spirits then the spirits might respond to those who had displeased them in unfriendly and unpleasant ways. Most cultures believe in the ghosts or souls of ancestors because most cultures believe there is a separation of the body and soul (iv) _______ death.

The cultures which believe in ancestral spirits believe these spirits remain an integral part of the family and that, if treated well, the ancestors will bless the families in many ways – whether in business success, agricultural production, or personal relationships. Asian cultures (v) _______ to have a more favourable attitude about ancestral spirits than do the European cultures who often believe that the ghosts of ancestors can be dangerous and do frightening things such as haunting houses.

(iv)_____

If you really want to lose weight, you need to ______ eating desserts. 

Musicals are a wonderful (i) _______ of entertainment. While plays are theatrical productions which tell a story through written words of a script and are presented by (ii) _______, musicals are stories told with lyrics and music. In New York, many of the theatres where the famous and well-known musicals are performed are on or near Broadway and (iii) _______ that reason, the musicals are often referred to as “Broadway Musicals”. Some of the lesser known productions, whether theatrical or musical, (iv) _______________ also performed in New York, but these are usually performed in other areas of the city and are referred to as “Off-Broadway” productions. Some of the same musicals being performed in New York are also being performed throughout the world in major cities. And not all musicals are first performed in New York. Sometimes, shows open in London’s West End which is home to numerous theatres (v) _______ musicals, as well as plays, are performed with great frequency and regularity to full-house audiences.

(i)_____-

Following his release, Mandela declared that violence and war are not the answer to the end of apartheid in South Africa, but rather peaceful opposition to this change of heart proved to be (i) _______ as he won the first free democratic elections in South Africa and (ii) _______  the country’s first black president in 1994. During his presidency (May 1994 – June 1999), Nelson Mandela succeeded in bringing peace to South Africa by promoting racial tolerance and understanding and by coming to an understanding with the white population. (iii) _______ an international level, Mandela also managed to peacefully solve the long-running conflict between the USA and the UK on one hand, and the African country of Libya on the (iv) _______. Even though he was criticized for not being able to stop the spread of HIV in South Africa and for not achieving social reforms, Nelson Mandela was highly respected for his policy of peace and (v) _______ and received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1993.

(i)_____