The word “us" in the passage refers to ____.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

I didn’t even notice him. It was a chilly November evening in New York City, and my daughter and I were walking up Broadway. I was thinking, “Milk, dry cleaners, home”. Was I supposed to notice a guy sitting inside a cardboard box next to a newsstand? No, but Nora did. She wasn't even four, but she pulled at my coat sleeve and said. “That man’s cold, Daddy. Can we take him home?"

I don't remember my reply - probably something like, “That wouldn't really be helping him”. Maybe I made her feel better by giving her an apple. I don't know. But I do remember a sudden heavy feeling inside me. I had always been delighted at how much my daughter noticed in her world, whether it was birds in flight or children playing. But now she was noticing suffering and poverty.

A few days later, I saw an article in the newspaper about volunteers who delivered meals to elderly people. The volunteers went to a nearby school on a Sunday morning, picked up a food package, and delivered it to an elderly person. It was quick and easy. I signed us up. Nora was excited about it. She could understand the importance of food, so she could easily see how valuable our job was. When Sunday came, she was ready, but I had to push myself to leave the house. On the way to the school. I fought an urge to turn back. The Sunday paper and my coffee were waiting at home. Why do this? Still, we picked up the package and phoned the elderly person we'd been assigned. She invited us right over. And that day Nora and I paid a visit to her depressing flat. After saying goodbye, I walked home in tears.

Professionals call such a visit a “volunteer opportunity". Indeed, the proverty my daughter and I helped lessen that Sunday afternoon was not the old woman's alone it was in our lives, too. Nora and I regularly serve meals to needy people and collect clothes lor the homeless. Yet, as I've watched her grow over these past four years. I still wonder which of us has benefited more?

The phrase “delighted at" in the passage is closet in meaning to ____.

Read the following passage carefully, and then select the best option A, B, C or D to complete it:

"Special Education, specially designed instruction to (1) _______ the unique needs and abilities of disabled or gifted children. Disabled children have conditions (2) _______ adversely affect their progress in conventional education programs. Gifted children, who demonstrate high capacity in intellectual, (3) _______, or artistic areas, may also fare poorly in regular education programs. Special education services can help both disabled and (4) _______ children make progress in education programs. Most children served by special education programs are (5) _______ the ages of 6 and 17.
In the United States, federal law requires states to identify and serve all children (6) _______ disabilities. Public education and health officials in the United States identified approximately 5.4 million infants, toddlers, (7) _______, and youth as disabled in 1994. That same year, the U.S. Department of Education reported that 12.2 percent of all children (8) _______ the age of 21 received some form of special education. The most frequently reported disabilities are speech or language impairments; mental retardation and (9) _______ developmental disorders; serious emotional disturbance; and specific learning disorders, (10) _______ memory disorders. Other disabilities include hearing, visual, or orthopedic impairments; autism; (11) _______ traumatic brain injury. An increasing number of children in the United States are identified as having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and (12) _______ special education services.
Many schools in the United States provide special education services (13) _______ gifted children, although federal law does not mandate these services. Gifted children demonstrate (14) _______ high abilities in intellectual, creative, academic, leadership, or artistic areas. Estimates of the gifted (15) _______ in the United States range from 3 to 15 percent of all schoolchildren."

12. An increasing number of children in the United States are identified as having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and (12) _______ special education services.

Read the passage and do the tasks that follow.

Li-Fi Technology

Li-Fi technology is a new technology that transmits signals as light instead of radio waves. In urban areas where Wi-Fi networks become congested and there is a lot of noise in the signals, this technology is something that can be of immense use to an individual. The basic requirement of this technology is the available of light!
Light is also an electromagnetic wave like radio waves. The only difference is that the former  has the ability to transmit data almost ten thousand times faster than latter! The basic process is quite simple to understand. An LED light bulb, any one at all, can be flicked on and off in order to be able to generate signals. A light sensor on a device picks up the digital information sent by the LED, which enables it to be processed by a computer.
The question is whether anyone wants to go through the annoying experience of sitting under a flickering light bulb. This is the interesting part. The technology is focusing on make sure that the light bulb is flickered up to billions of times a second!  At that rate, the human eye simply cannot notice the light bulb being flicked on and off.
However, everything comes with a disadvantage. The major disadvantage here is the fact that these signals cannot penetrate walls. So if you want to move from one room to another, you will need to have a wired bulb present in that room as well.
An Estonian startup company called Velmenni took the technology out of the laboratories and brought it into the real-world offices, and industrial environments in Tallinn for the first time.
Overall, this sounds like quite a development in the field of communication technology.

The technology of Li-Fi has several of advantages in theory, but we cannot put into practice.

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to answer these following questions

New part-time volunteering opportunities - Woodcraft Folk Glasgow districts

Are you looking to get more involved with your local community?

Do you enjoy working with young people and children?

Are you passionate about big issues affecting society today and building children's awareness and self-confidence to cope with the challenges of tomorrow?

If this sounds like you Woodcraft Folk needs you!

Woodcraft Folk is a registered charity offering you the opportunity to help build a fairer, more peaceful world for all. We run weekly groups for children aged 4-16yrs old and are looking for Volunteers to get involved for a few hours a month, whenever it suits YOU!

Perhaps you'd like to contribute a couple of hours as a one-off workshop? Or maybe you'd like to take part in a group discussion or games night once a fortnight?

We know that your time is precious so we will work with you to make sure you to get the most out of your experience with us. From working directly with the groups and running your own sessions, to representing groups at the national level there are many aspects of the organization you can choose to get involved with!

If you are a good communicator who shares our values of peace, co-operation and equality, Glasgow Woodcraft Folk invites you to get in touch. We are running induction events week starting Monday 22^nd April and would love to see you there!

What are the aspects of the organization you can choose from?

Read the passage carefully and decide whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE
NYLON was invented in the early 1930s by an American chemist, Julian Hill. Other scientists worked with his invention and finally on 27 October 1938, Nylon was introduced to the world. It was cheap and strong and immediately became successful, especially in the making of ladies’ stocking. Today, Nylon is found in many things: carpets, ropes, seat belts, furniture, computers, and even spare parts of the human body. It has played an important part in our lives up to now.

Nylon was strong but expensive. 

Choose the best answer:
When the era of digital technology has bloomed all over the world, human beings have witnessed thousands of wonderful inventions which can be applied in a variety of fields. Among those, robots are considered as a brilliant human creativity and have been developed further to serve people. Shaped into human bodies, robots are machines built to do tasks. Normally, they can be controlled by built-in computers so that they can do a series of automatic actions. These human-like machines help us explore new places, and uncover the mystery of the deep and cold ocean which is very dangerous for a normal body. They seem to play an unlimited role not only in exploration, but in medical fields as well. In hospitals, they can do a wide range of jobs in cooperation with doctors to improve the health care system. For instance, robots can assist physicians remotely to check on patients and even inspect them. They can search around hospitals to collect information about the sick and transmit it to the doctors through a screen to help them interact efficiently. With cutting-edge technology they can even do an operation with a high level of accuracy under professionals’ control. Thanks to robotic assistants, medical workers can save time and save many lives from fatal diseases. It is believed that the number of robots applied in the medical industry will be expected to increase dramatically over the next few years.

5. According to the text, in hospitals robots can _____________.

Read the passage and do the tasks that follow.

Li-Fi Technology

Li-Fi technology is a new technology that transmits signals as light instead of radio waves. In urban areas where Wi-Fi networks become congested and there is a lot of noise in the signals, this technology is something that can be of immense use to an individual. The basic requirement of this technology is the available of light!
Light is also an electromagnetic wave like radio waves. The only difference is that the former  has the ability to transmit data almost ten thousand times faster than latter! The basic process is quite simple to understand. An LED light bulb, any one at all, can be flicked on and off in order to be able to generate signals. A light sensor on a device picks up the digital information sent by the LED, which enables it to be processed by a computer.
The question is whether anyone wants to go through the annoying experience of sitting under a flickering light bulb. This is the interesting part. The technology is focusing on make sure that the light bulb is flickered up to billions of times a second!  At that rate, the human eye simply cannot notice the light bulb being flicked on and off.
However, everything comes with a disadvantage. The major disadvantage here is the fact that these signals cannot penetrate walls. So if you want to move from one room to another, you will need to have a wired bulb present in that room as well.
An Estonian startup company called Velmenni took the technology out of the laboratories and brought it into the real-world offices, and industrial environments in Tallinn for the first time.
Overall, this sounds like quite a development in the field of communication technology.

The speed generated by Li-Fi can be up to ten thousand times greater than the average Wi-Fi

Rewrite the following sentences so that they have the same meanings as the original ones.

Jane’s husband will be returning from South America quite soon.

Rewrite the following sentences so that they have the same meanings as the original ones.

This bridge will take us three years to complete.    

Read the passage below and decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE?

"Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. Unfortunately, at the current time, 1 in 5 women and girls between the ages of 15-49 have reported experiencing physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner within a 12-month period and 49 countries currently have no laws protecting women from domestic violence. Progress is occurring regarding harmful practices such as child marriage and FGM (Female Genital Mutilation), which has declined by 30% in the past decade, but there is still much work to be done to complete eliminate such practices.

Providing women and girls with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and representation in political and economic decision-making processes will fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large. Implementing new legal frameworks regarding female equality in the workplace and the eradication of harmful practices targeted at women is crucial to ending the gender-based discrimination prevalent in many countries around the world."

3: Child marriage is not a consequence of domestic violence.

Read the following passage carefully, and then select the best option A, B, C or D to complete it:

"Special Education, specially designed instruction to (1) _______ the unique needs and abilities of disabled or gifted children. Disabled children have conditions (2) _______ adversely affect their progress in conventional education programs. Gifted children, who demonstrate high capacity in intellectual, (3) _______, or artistic areas, may also fare poorly in regular education programs. Special education services can help both disabled and (4) _______ children make progress in education programs. Most children served by special education programs are (5) _______ the ages of 6 and 17.
In the United States, federal law requires states to identify and serve all children (6) _______ disabilities. Public education and health officials in the United States identified approximately 5.4 million infants, toddlers, (7) _______, and youth as disabled in 1994. That same year, the U.S. Department of Education reported that 12.2 percent of all children (8) _______ the age of 21 received some form of special education. The most frequently reported disabilities are speech or language impairments; mental retardation and (9) _______ developmental disorders; serious emotional disturbance; and specific learning disorders, (10) _______ memory disorders. Other disabilities include hearing, visual, or orthopedic impairments; autism; (11) _______ traumatic brain injury. An increasing number of children in the United States are identified as having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and (12) _______ special education services.
Many schools in the United States provide special education services (13) _______ gifted children, although federal law does not mandate these services. Gifted children demonstrate (14) _______ high abilities in intellectual, creative, academic, leadership, or artistic areas. Estimates of the gifted (15) _______ in the United States range from 3 to 15 percent of all schoolchildren."

5. Most children served by special education programs are (5) _______ the ages of 6 and 17.

Read the passage and answer these following questions.

Working mothers are the ones who move out of the house for the purpose of earning money and also maintain household chores. Every single woman at home prefers to work in order to balance the financial and the other basic needs of the family. It is now very rare that a girl does not prefer to work and chooses to remain at home as a housewife.
The children of working mothers become smart and active as compared to the children of non-working mothers. This is because of the fact that the mothers being working have to move out of the house leaving all the household chores intact. The children behind understand their responsibilities and manages to do all their tasks without being dependent on others, thus become smart and active enough.
The working mothers are now a day helped by their spouse in household chores after returning from work. By seeing the fathers being a helping hand to mothers, children learn good habits and inculcate manners of helping others as well as their mothers, thus in this way good habits are inculcated in them. A working mother also adds to advantage of helping the family financially. It is beneficial as a woman becomes a helping hand to the husband in terms of money. This way family runs in a very smooth way without any financial difficulty and the kids also get the best as parents are able to afford due to a good income level.
The mothers when work, become an inspiration for their kids as they look up to their mom and say that they aspire to be like their moms in the near future. Working moms not only work but also look after their children without any difficulty. So such kids need to look at others for an inspiration, but they get to see an inspiration at home only. This way, they also learn to do hard work in their life.

Why do working mothers become an inspiration for their children?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 19 to 23:

Many people believe only animals are endangered. They think wild plants can just grow back after damage. This is not true. Our plants are declining at an alarming rate. Among them are some of the most beautiful and useful species on Earth. The importance of plants to life on Earth is immeasurable. The landscape and wildlife we enjoy, the food we eat, even the air we breathe is connected to plant life.

Plants support wildlife. The U.S. Forest Service has stated that for every plant species that goes extinct, up to 30 other species of plants, insects and other animals may also decline. Plants provide the food and habitat for wildlife.

Plants support a healthy environment. They provide clean air, help hold soil in place, clean water, moderate wind and water impacts, and shade the earth.

Plants support people. Plants give many gifts to man. They provide food, fiber, and fuels. Many plants are known to contain chemicals that can be used to treat human illnesses. Others have the ability to fight agricultural pests and improve existing crops.

This is a real crisis. Habitat destruction, over collection, and other environmental damage are eroding our natural plant communities. Some species have declined to such small numbers that a bad storm or a plant collector could wipe them out in minutes. Without intervention, they will be lost forever.

The writer advised us ___________.

Read the passage and choose the best answers to the questions. (10 pts)

The development of so-called keyhole surgery means that the surgeon’s knife may soon disappear altogether as it is replaced by miniature cameras, microscopic scissors, and staplers. Instead of making long cuts in the patient’s body, surgeons look at the site through an “endoscope”, or operating telescope. This is passed into the body through a small hole that will barely leave a scar.

As long as the operation is carried out skillfully by an experienced surgeon, keyhole surgery damages the patient far less than a conventional operation. “Minimal access surgery is a real breakthrough,” says Alf Cuschieri, a leading endoscopic surgeon. “I wish we’d developed it years ago. Not only does it reduce the trauma to the patient – but it also means that we no longer have to make major incisions to perform major operations.”

The viewing technology that allows doctors to see what is happening deep inside the human body has been borrowed from the aerospace industry. Although in the 1960s flexible scopes were developed by technicians to check engine interiors without them having to be taken apart, today’s endoscopes are not just simple tubes you can see through; they are equipped with very small television cameras. An image of the operation – magnified eight times – is transmitted by the camera onto a strategically placed TV screen. Doctors and nurses needn’t crowd round to look into the wound. Instead, they keep their eyes on the screen with straight backs and plenty of elbow room. As surgeons cannot work in the dark, light is beamed into the area of the body being operated on through optical fibers – strands of special glass, each as thin as a human hair, through which light travels.

Keyhole surgeons hope that miniaturization will make it possible for patients to have their operations performed by robots small enough to crawl through the patient’s body. Despite the fact that, until now, even the smallest robots have been too large to be exploited in endoscopic surgery, in Massachusetts the Institute of Technology’s Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory is working on ever-smaller miniature and microrobots. These robots could be used for filming, taking biopsy specimens, or on-the-spot analysis.

One of the most exciting future developments involves telesurgery, where doctors will operate by remote control. This means that a patient can be operated on by two surgeons who are hundreds of kilometers away from each other – and from the patient.

Some believe that such techniques will have been perfected in the next ten years or so.

Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED as one of the advantages of keyhole surgery?

Make the meaningful sentence, using the given words below.

While/ Mary /listen/music, / mother /phone her.

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below

A 1927 FIFA commission examined the possibility and on the eve of the following year's Amsterdam Olympics, FIFA's Congress voted __________ (6) an inaugural world championship in 1930. The only remaining question was where. Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Uruguay all expressed __________ (7) interest but the Uruguayans alone were prepared to pay all travel and hotel expenses as well as build a new stadium at a time of economic uncertainty. Add the fact Uruguay would be __________ (8) its centenary that same year and FIFA duly plumped for the South Americans, confirming their decision at the 1929 Congress in Barcelona.

Finding the teams to take part __________ (9) the next challenge. Seven signed up from the home continent along with Mexico and the United States. But two months before the start, there was still no European entrant. The prospect of two months away was an obvious deterrent for players with jobs at home but France and Belgium – the only two FIFA founder members to participate – eventually __________ (10) to undertake the long journey together with Yugoslavia and Romania.

Finding the teams to take part __________ (9) the next challenge. 

Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

Reflexology is a natural treatment dating to ancient times. It is based on the idea that there are zones, or areas, in the feet and hands that are related to other parts and systems of the body. For example, the tips of the toes or fingers are related to head and neck, and the ball of the foot is related to the heart and chest. A reflexologist applies pressure to specific areas in a patient’s feet and hands to relieve symptoms or pain in other related areas.

This type of treatment does not cure or diagnose specific health problem, and it does not involve any medication. Yet many find that it successfully relieves symptoms of stress and disease. Reflexology is effective for pain, headaches, and sleeping difficulties, among other ailments. Applying pressure to the feet and hands relieves tension, improves blood circulation, and relaxes muscles. It promotes the natural, healthy functions and well-being of the entire body. Reflexology is often used along with other types of treatments, including conventional medicine.

This gentle therapy is safe and simple. A reflexologist’s only tools are his or her hands. Pressure is strong, but not uncomfortable. It’s not uncommon for patients to fall asleep during treatments.

A typical treatment session lasts one hour. Treatment is usually focused on the feet for most of the session. A patient is asked to remove his or her shoes and socks, to sit in a comfortable reclining chair, and then to relax as the reflexologist warms the patient’s feet with his or her hands and applies pressure to the appropriate parts of the foot. The last ten minutes of the session are dedicated to the hands.

After relieving specific problems, many patients continue a regular programme of treatment to maintain good health. Some reflexologists suggest building at least a five – minute reflexology session into every day for long – term relief of stress and pain.

Reflexology offers the therapy that is...............

Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Taylor Swift is a country music star. She was born on December 13,1989. She was born in Pennsylvania, USA. She is a singer and a (26) ______. Her music is a mix (27) _____ country music and pop. She started playing the guitar when she was 10 years old. She writes songs and sings. When she was 11 years old, she (28) ______ to Nashville. In 2006, at the age of 16, she (29) _____ her first album. Fans love her music and her (30) ______ too. She is a fantastic musician and she is very beautiful and intelligent too. Taylor Swift is fantastic!

(30)..........

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

If you find yourself learn better by making notes during the lecture, or when the teacher uses a new word, you want to see it written immediately, then you are very likely to be a more visual learner. You prefer to see the written words. You learn by reading and writing. Visual learners often think in pictures. If you find a particular task or text difficult, look for sources that will suit your learning style, e.g. sources with illustrations, charts, tables, or videos.

If you prefer recording the lecture and listening again to taking notes, or you memorize something by repeating it aloud instead of writing it out several times, you are probably a more auditory learner. You prefer to learn by listening and speaking. Auditory learners often learn best from lectures, discussions, by reading aloud, and by listening to audio material.

However, it is probably that you like most people, learn through a mixture of styles. Sometimes you may prefer to learn by reading, at other time by listening. Ask yourself which is the best style for the particular task you are doing.

Which of the following statement is TRUE?

Read the passage carefully and decide whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE
NYLON was invented in the early 1930s by an American chemist, Julian Hill. Other scientists worked with his invention and finally on 27 October 1938, Nylon was introduced to the world. It was cheap and strong and immediately became successful, especially in the making of ladies’ stocking. Today, Nylon is found in many things: carpets, ropes, seat belts, furniture, computers, and even spare parts of the human body. It has played an important part in our lives up to now.

Julian Hill was an American inventor.