The professor (i) _______ the ancient symbol in the course of researeh for a visual history of the 20th century, to be published by the Trecca in Encyclopedia. The first (ii) _______ instance of its use, he says, occurred in a letter written by a Florentine merchant on May 4th, 1536. He says the sign made its (iii) ________  along trade routes to northern Europe, where it came to represent “at the price of” – its contemporary accountancy (iv) _______  . Professor Stabile believes that Italian banks may possess even earlier documents (v) _______ the symbol lying forgotten in their arehives. The oldest example could be of great value. The race is on between the mercantile world and the banking world to sec who has the oldest documentation of @.

(ii)_____

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions: 

A chronic lack of sleep may make us irritable and reduces our motivation to work. 

It is thought that Benjamin Franklin first suggested the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the 18th century. But actually, the first serious (i) _______ came in 1907 from William Willet. Yet his idea was shelved by the British government, who refused it because they thought it was unnecessary. Daylight Savings Time was first put (ii) _______ practice by the German government in 1916 in order to save energy during the First World War. (iii) _______ the United Kingdom followed suit, with the United States doing the same in 1918. The law was very unpopular since people had to wake up earlier and many experienced jetlag. But the 1970s energy crisis forced the US (iv) _______ Daylight Savings Time the law. Studies have shown that the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the spring saved the US 10,000 barrels of oil per day bctween 1974 and 1975. It also prevented 2,000 traffic injuries and

(iii)_____

find that have too much work. t’s _______ into my spare time and don’t stand for that. 

Electric charges never stand (i) _______ , but flow from one point to another. This flow is called an electric current and is measured in ampere. Many modern electronic devices (ii) _______ use of electric currents in order to transport electric energy. In nature, there is also (iii) _______ stored electricity, which comes out and is released through lightning during a storm. Men have stored electric energy in huge power stations, (iv) _______ then transmit or send electricity to customers by (v) _______ wires. The electric energy used by customers is measured in watts.

(iii)_____

Please don’t parking in those spaces that have signs reserving them for the handicapped.

The groom usually traveled to the house of the bride for the ceremony, then stayed there for three days (i) _______ taking his new bride to his family’s home. The actual ceremony involved many small rituals, with many bows and symbolic gestures. The (ii) _______were expected to control their emotions and remain somber. (iii) _______ Koreans have kept several aspects of the traditional ceremony, most modem ceremonies resemble Western marriage ceremonies more than (iv) _______ Korean ones.

However, many folk villages and museums across the country regularly perform ceremonies to (v) _______ the traditions alive.

(iii)___

Ang Lee’s work caught the (i) _______ of the William Morris Agency. This agency became interested in Ang’s movies and hired him. But in the end, they did not give Ang Lee a chance to make movies in the USA. (ii) _______ 6 years, Lee stayed home to take (iii) _______ of the house and his two children. His wife, Jane Ling, was a molecular (iv) _______ and supported the family. This situation was embarrassing for Lee because of the culture he grew (v) _______  in. But, during this hard time, he wrote many screenplays for movies

(i)____

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions: The warranty guaranteed that all defective parts would be replaced without charge. 

In 1977, the United States enacted the Mine safety and Health Act, and since that time the overall number of deaths related to mining accidents (i) _______ decreased. But, unfortunately, in the United States, several coal mine explosions have recently (ii) _______ the lives of several miners and increased this year’s mining- related deaths above of the total number of mining-related deaths recorded last year. The mining industry and the United States government take seriously the safety problems confronting miners. (iii) _______ is being done to help protect the miners is important in the mining industry throughout the world. The United States Congress has recently considered legislation increasing the amount of oxygen miners must have available to them as they work below the earth’s surface because a lack of available oxygen may have caused the death of some of the trapped miners in recent coal mine explosions. When an explosion (iv) _______ in an underground mine and air packs are in short supply or those available to miners are not in working condition, the successful rescue efforts can be crippled even though rescue workers are (v) _______ valiant efforts to save lives.

(ii)____

“Being in space is an exhilarating experience,” recalls astronaut Buzz Aldrin, member of the three-man crew which made history nearly 50 years ago when they (i) _______ in being the first melt ever to set foot on the Moon. ‘Just being able to float around is amazing. Unfortunately, the space suits were quite restrictive so we weren’t able to move about very easily. They made the job of collecting moon rock and soil to bring back to Earth much more difficult. The surface of the Melon is covered in a (ii) _______ and because there isn’t any wind or weather on the Moon, Neil’s famous first footprint should still be there until it is disturbed by other visitors. “On our (iii) _______ to Earth, we were put in quarantine. It was still not known whether life existed on the Moon and it was feared that organisms from the Moon could infect animals and plants on Earth. Hopefully, in the next 25 years man will be setting up (iv) _______ bases on the Moon or even on Mars. I don’t sec much point in just sending astronauts there. Instead of short trips, which are not a very efficient allocation of resources, we should be sending people there to stay. “In time, although possibly not in my lifetime, people will be born on Mars. They will be our “Martians”, (v)_____________ _______ the green creatures that science fiction writers write about.”

(v)______

The article enthused ______ the benefits that the new system would bring. 

Work engineers are (i) _______ riding with drivers, timing everything from stops at traffic lights, to wait at customer’s doorway, to stairway climbs, to coffee break. And they are not (ii) _______  to pointing out the occasional inefficiency. Additionally, supervisors ride with the least good drivers, noting how they work and constantly (iii) _______ them until their work is up to standard. The (iv) _______ of all this work engineering is efficiency, and UPS has been called one of the most efficient companies anywhere. Il’s also a highly profitable company. Most drivers take the regimentation in stride: many show pride in meeting the UPS standards each day. Others, however, feel that they are constantly being pushed, that it is impossible for them to (v) _______ at work. UPS officials claim that the standards provide accountability. And, they say, employees who work according to UPS standards should feel less tired al the end of the day.

(v)_____-

Every year a festival is held to commemorate the founding of our town over 150 years ago. The festival (i) _______ for a week and during that time many local people dress up in old- fashioned clothes, sometimes even wearing them at work. On the first day of the celebrations an opening (ii) _______ is performed by a visiting celebrity at the band-stand in the town centre. From there a colourful procession makes its way through the streets of the town. We spend weeks beforehand preparing the floats, many of (iii) _______ are sponsored by local firms and organizations. In addition to these floats, there are bands and street entertainers, such as fire caters, jugglers and clowns walking on stilts. The procession ends up in the park, where a large marquee has been erected around the marquee. There are various stalls where you can buy local produce or play traditional games. Throughout the week many events are organized to recreate life 150 years ago. You can have your photograph (iv) _______ wearing 19th century clothes or _______ learn traditional crafts such as basket-weaving. For the children there are puppet shows and talent contests. The festival attracts thousands of visitors, and what used to be just a small local event has now grown into a (v) _______ tourist attraction.

(v)____

To many people the idea of graffiti has negative images and responses. If the drawings are done on surfaces without permission, it is thought of as vandalism. And in many instances, a crime. In most countries of the world graffiti, not only has negative connotations but is also considered illegal. One of the reasons is that graffiti is placed on buildings and property not owned by the painter. And where it is applied without (i) _______ , it is usually done quickly W’ith products such as permanent markers and spray paint. Historically, though, graffiti was important to the Romans because it was a way of expressing the knowledge they had as a people as well as a way of expressing their appreciation of beauty of (ii) _______      subjects. Today, tourists can see for themselves examples of ancient graffiti when they visit the catacombs in Rome or Pompeii. Modem graffiti is considered an art form, but it is one whichis greatly misunderstood by most people. In the 1970s, when the punk rock movement was big, many of the anti­establishment groups wrote and drew on walls and other surfaces to draw attention to their cause, group, or agenda. A lot of bands also used graffiti to (iii) _______ recognition and notoriety. For about a (iv) _______ of a century, from the mid 1960s to the late 1980s, graffiti was considered in its prime as an art form. In urban areas, graffiti could be seen on the walls of vacant buildings, on subway station walls, and on the subway cars themselves. Political activities used the medium to transmit their messages because it was an easy and inexpensive way to do (v) _______.

(i)______-

Dear Mr Hill,

With (i) _______ to your advertisement in the Educational Gazette, I would like to (ii) _______ one of the scholarships your Trust is offering to students who wish to continue their studies at a British university. I am 22 years old and have just graduated in English Philology from the Complutense University in Madrid, Spain. I am very interested in doing a Master’s degree in English literature. My (iii) _______ interest is the English playwright Arnold Wesker. However, it is almost impossible for me to study Wesker here in Spain, as he is not very well-known. I would really need to come to Britain. Unfortunately, the (iv) _______ of university fees in your country makes that almost impossible. I would also be living away from home. My parents could contribute so mething towards my keep but that is all. My level of English is good I passed the TOEFL iBT test last year with a score of 106.

I hope you will (v) _______ my application.

Yours sincerely,

(iii)___

I called the station to inquire _____ train times. 

If you really want to lose weight, you need to ______ eating desserts. 

Around 1190, Tcmujjin and his close allies and advisers began to unite many (i) _____ Mongol clans. Using his strong will and charisma, he managed to persuade (ii) _____ of those fighting and warring clans to accept him as the one and only leader. It seems Tcmujjin had a gift, the unusual ability to act as a leader and (iii) _____ respect. Several tribes tried to oppose him. There were a lot of betrayals and killings, but eventually Tcmujjin managed to do what nobody had ever done before: unite all Mongols (iv) _____  one nation in 1206. In honor of his achievements, the Mongol clan chiefs (v) _____Tcmujjin the title Khan, or “leader”.

(iii)_____

Musicals are a wonderful (i) _______ of entertainment. While plays are theatrical productions which tell a story through written words of a script and are presented by (ii) _______, musicals are stories told with lyrics and music. In New York, many of the theatres where the famous and well-known musicals are performed are on or near Broadway and (iii) _______ that reason, the musicals are often referred to as “Broadway Musicals”. Some of the lesser known productions, whether theatrical or musical, (iv) _______________ also performed in New York, but these are usually performed in other areas of the city and are referred to as “Off-Broadway” productions. Some of the same musicals being performed in New York are also being performed throughout the world in major cities. And not all musicals are first performed in New York. Sometimes, shows open in London’s West End which is home to numerous theatres (v) _______ musicals, as well as plays, are performed with great frequency and regularity to full-house audiences.

(v)_____-

Thieves jacked _____ the car and stole the wheels.