Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

Paper is named for papyrus, a reed-like plant used by ancient Egyptians as writing material more than 5,000 years ago. The Chinese invented the paper that we use 2,000 years ago.

A piece of paper is made up of tiny fibers, not unlike a piece of material. The fibers used in paper, however, are plant fibers, and there are millions of them in one sheet. In addition to the plant fiber, dyes and additives such as resin may be used. Dyes can make the paper different colors; resins may add weight and texture.

Where do these fibers come from? The majority of paper is made from plant fiber that comes from trees. Millions are cut down, but new trees are planted in their place. Paper may be also made from things like old rags, or pieces of cloth. Wastepaper can be turned into recycled paper. This recycling process saves forests and energy and reduces air and water pollution.

According to the passage, the primary source of the plant fiber used in the paper is_______

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

BELL’S TELEPHONE

A pioneer in the (51)________ of telecommunications, Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He moved to Ontario, and then to the United States, (52)______ in Boston, before beginning his career as an inventor. Throughout his life, Bell had been interested in the (53)________ of deaf people. This interest led him to invent the microphone and, in 18 76, his “electrical speech machine,” which we now call the telephone. News of his invention quickly (54)________ throughout the country, even throughout Europe. By 1878, Bell had set up the first telephone exchange in New Haven, Connecticut. By 1884, long-distance connections were (55)_____ between Boston, Massachusetts, and New York City. Bell imagined great (56)________ for his telephone, like the model from the 1920s, but would he ever have imagined telephone lines being used to (57)__________ video images? Since his death in 1922, the telecommunication industry had undergone an amazing revolution. Today, (58)_________ people are able to use a special display telephone to communicate. Fiber optics are improving the quality and speed of data transmission. Actually, your ability to (59) _______ this information relies upon telecommunications technology. Bell’s “electrical speech machine” paved the (60)______for the Information Superhighway. 

60__________

Choose the best answer: 
What is pollution? Stinky stuff? Muck? Poison? Yes, all those things... and more. Some is obvious like smoke (1)...........you can see but much of it is not obvious at all. Yet you’re eating it and drinking it and breathing it most of the time. And what is worse is that all this muck (2).............all other life on Earth. You can find pollution made by people just about (3)..........on the planet. Even (4).............. places like the Arctic are badly polluted by nasty Chemicals made by people. The polar bears and seals there have poisonous Chemicals made by people in their bodies and (5)........... _ do the Inuit people who live with them. These nasty things kill many animals and make others sick - including penguins (6).............. the Antarctic. They also kill people and make them ill too. There’s nowhere on the planet (7).............. or high up in the air. with no pollution; (8).............. the bottom of the sea or high up in the air.

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

Paper is named for papyrus, a reed-like plant used by ancient Egyptians as writing material more than 5,000 years ago. The Chinese invented the paper that we use 2,000 years ago.

A piece of paper is made up of tiny fibers, not unlike a piece of material. The fibers used in paper, however, are plant fibers, and there are millions of them in one sheet. In addition to the plant fiber, dyes and additives such as resin may be used. Dyes can make the paper different colors; resins may add weight and texture.

Where do these fibers come from? The majority of paper is made from plant fiber that comes from trees. Millions are cut down, but new trees are planted in their place. Paper may be also made from things like old rags, or pieces of cloth. Wastepaper can be turned into recycled paper. This recycling process saves forests and energy and reduces air and water pollution.

What is the main ingredient in the most paper?

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer

In the early years of television, educational specialists believed that it would be very useful in teaching and learning. Many schools have bought television sets, intending to use them effectively to improve the quality of education; but actually they are rarely used properly in classrooms. Meanwhile, children spending the majority of their out-of-school hours watching TV and their typical school days proceed as if television did not exist.

There are some explanations for the failure of television to get the interest of the teachers. Firstly, the schools that purchased television sets have not set aside money for equipment repairs and maintenance so these television sets are sooner and later out of work. Secondly, these schools have not found an effective way to train teachers to integrate television into their ongoing instructional programs. Lastly, most teachers do not regard the quality of television and its usefulness in the classroom.

Teachers at the schools work hard for at least twelve years to train their students to become good readers. However, according a recent statistics, teenagers seldom spend their free time reading books and newspapers but watching television instead. 

Children spend their free time ____.

Read the passage below carefully, and then select the correct option A, B, C or D:

"The World Wide Web was developed by British physicist and computer scientist Timothy Berners-Lee as a project within the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. Berners-Lee combined several existing ideas into a single system to make it easier for physicists to use data on the Internet. Most important, he added multimedia—the ability to include graphics—to the hyperlink concept found in a previous Internet service known as gopher. Berners-Lee had begun working with hypertext in the early 1980s. An early prototype implementation of the Web became operational at CERN in 1989, and the idea quickly spread to universities in the rest of the world.
Groups at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign researched and extended Web technology. They developed the first browser that was used at many sites, named Mosaic, in 1993. To allow the Web to be accessed from a wide variety of computer systems, researchers built multiple versions of Mosaic. Each version was designed to be used with a specific operating system, the software that controls the computer. Within a year, computer programmer Marc Andreessen had formed a commercial company, Netscape Communications Corporation, to build and sell Web technologies."

4/ Which word means “a connection that allows you to move easily between two computer documents or two pages on the Internet”?

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

BELL’S TELEPHONE

A pioneer in the (51)________ of telecommunications, Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He moved to Ontario, and then to the United States, (52)______ in Boston, before beginning his career as an inventor. Throughout his life, Bell had been interested in the (53)________ of deaf people. This interest led him to invent the microphone and, in 18 76, his “electrical speech machine,” which we now call the telephone. News of his invention quickly (54)________ throughout the country, even throughout Europe. By 1878, Bell had set up the first telephone exchange in New Haven, Connecticut. By 1884, long-distance connections were (55)_____ between Boston, Massachusetts, and New York City. Bell imagined great (56)________ for his telephone, like the model from the 1920s, but would he ever have imagined telephone lines being used to (57)__________ video images? Since his death in 1922, the telecommunication industry had undergone an amazing revolution. Today, (58)_________ people are able to use a special display telephone to communicate. Fiber optics are improving the quality and speed of data transmission. Actually, your ability to (59) _______ this information relies upon telecommunications technology. Bell’s “electrical speech machine” paved the (60)______for the Information Superhighway. 

54_____________

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

One of the most famous statues in the world (36)_______ on an island in New York Harbor. This statue is, of course, the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty is a woman (37)______ the torch of liberty, and its (38)______ name is the Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World’. The statue was a (39)__________ to American people from the French to show the (40)_____ between the two nations. It was (41) ______by Frederic Auguste Bartoldie and completed in 1884 in France, (42) _____ was transported to America and put up in 1886. In the years after the statue was put up, many (43)_________ came to the United States through New York. As they (44)_________ New York Harbor, they saw the Statue of Liberty holding up her torch. She symbolizes a welcome to a land of (45)_______.

45___________

Choose the word or phrase (ạ, b, c, or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

There are various types of pollution in the world. The most (51)__________ one is air pollution. It is caused mostly by factories that exclude smoke. This smoke pollutes the atmosphere (52) ________  dust and cinder which can cause various types of diseases like lung cancer, heart failure, and sinus infection (53)________ inhaled. Carbon monoxide from exhaust (54) _________ of vehicles is also very dangerous and can cause instant death when inhaled in (55)_________ amount. Water pollution is the pollution that occurs in rivers, seas, oceans, lakes, and other waterways. Water pollution is normally caused by the (56)____________ of waste like garbage and feces. The marine life in these waters will be affected. Some sea creatures perish while others (57)__________ the toxic extracts of the poisonous waste in their fat glands. When human beings eat these creatures, they will (58)______ fall ill or die. In Japan alone, every year, thousands of people suffer (59)____ strange diseases due to mercury poisoning. Others either lose their mental (60)______ or meet their deaths.

54_________

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Tropical forests have (51)______ us with very many sorts of plants for food, (52)_______ and industry. They could probably supply man more. They also reduce(53)_______ and droughts, keep the water clean, and slow down the Greenhouse Effect, (54)___ the tropical forests are (55)______ destroyed to make (56)______ for things like farms, ranches, mines, and hydroelectric (57)________. About 20 million hectares are lost each year – an area more than twice the size of Austria. The World Wildlife Fund is working to (58)_______ and save the forests that are (59)_________ danger; to plant new trees for fuelwood and to slow down the Greenhouse Effect and to (60)_____ governments to think about the forests and their importance when giving international aid.

56_________

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

CYCLONE

A cyclone is a storm (51)________ heavy rain and violent winds. The winds can reach a speed of over 200 kilometers per hour; (52)_____________, they usually cause a lot of damage. They also cause very (53) _________ seas. Cyclones (54)______ over warm tropical (55)_______ . In Australia, they occur(56)_______along the coast, north of the Tropic of Capricorn. They usually occur (57)_________the months of November and April. A cyclone (58) _____  up to 300 kilometers wide. The winds (59) __________  at great speeds. In the middle, there is a calm area. This is called the ‘eye’ of the cyclone. The eye can be quite big, (60)________ 50 kilometers wide.

57___________

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April, 1948, and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health Organization.

The WHO's constitution, states that its objective is "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health. "Its major task is to combat diseases, especially key infectious diseases, and to promote the general health of the people of the world. The WHO also sponsors programs to prevent and treat serious epidemics such as SARS, malaria, and AIDS. The WHO supports the development and distribution of safe and effective vaccines, pharmaceutical diagnostics, and drugs. After over 2 decades of fighting smallpox, the WHO declared in 1980 that the disease had been eradicated - the first disease in history to be eliminated by human effort.

The WHO is nearing success in developing vaccines against malaria and aims to eradicate polio within the next few years. The organization has already endorsed the world's first official HIV/AIDS Tool kit for Zimbabwe making it an international standard. In addition to its work in eradicating disease, the WHO also carries out various health-related campaigns, for example, to boost the consumption of fruits and vegetables worldwide and to discourage tobacco use.

Experts met at the WHO headquarters in Geneva in February, 2007, and reported that their work on pandemic influenza vaccine development had achieved encouraging progress. More than 40 clinic trials have been completed or are ongoing. Most have focused on healthy adults. Some companies, after completing safety analyses in adults, have initiated clinical trials in the elderly and in children. All vaccines so far appear to be safe arid well-tolerated in all age groups tested.

According to the text, which disease has been eradicated?

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

As a result of years of research, we know that too much animal fat is bad for our health. For example, Americans eat a lot of meat and only a small amount of grains, fruit, and vegetables. Because of their diet, they have high rates of cancer and heart disease; In Japan, in contrast, people eat large amounts of grains and very little meat. The Japanese also have very low rates of cancer and heart disease. In fact, the Japanese live longer than anyone else in the world. Unfortunately, when Japanese people move to the United States, the rates of heart disease and cancer increase as their diet changes. Moreover, as hamburgers, ice cream, and other high-fat foods become popular in Japan, the rates of heart disease and cancer are increasing there as well. People are also eating more meat and dairy products in other countries such as Cuba, Mauritius, and Hungary. Not surprisingly, the disease rates in these countries are increasing along with the change in diet. Consequently, doctors everywhere advise people to eat more grains, fruit, and vegetables and to eat less meat and fewer dairy products.

Where does the word ‘there’ in line 11 refer to?

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase

In the first part of the twentieth century, before a television set became an important (1) ____ of entertainment of most households, radio program was different (2) ___ what it is now. Children rushed home from school to listen to “Story Hour”. Someone was reading (3) ____ exciting story or a part of a story while the children’s imaginations provided visual images to fit the spoken ones. People listened to serials or stories (4) ____ were broken into one-hour segments. Because each hour ended with suspense, listeners have to (5) ______ at the same time the next day to find out what would happen.

Families gathered around the radio at night to listen to important news or favorite programs. However, (6) ____ there is the appearance of television, radio programming has changed. Radio stories have become a thing of the past (7)____ the fact that people prefer both to watch (8) ____ to hear. Radio is now a medium that is used more often in a car (9) ______ in a home. Because music and news are (10) ____ types of programs to listen to in a car, they are the most common. Radio, in fact, has become the music medium. It provides music for all tastes.

(10) ___________

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Getting good results in your studies comes from (51)________ good study habits. The best place to study is a comfortable room with good (52)_______. The best chair for studying should be one which you would be comfortable in, (53)_______ so comfortable that you may fall asleep in it after a while! Before you study, look for a (54)_____ environment with no distractions. If you find your home too noisy for studying, try the library or community center (55)_______. When you study, set realistic (56)_______ for yourself to achieve. For example, do not (57)____ to study five chapters of Geography in one (58).________   when you know that you take more than an hour to read one chapter. Furthermore, remember not to push yourself too (59)_________ . When you have studied for a period of time, (60)______ yourself by taking a short break. You could perhaps take a short walk or listen to music for a while.

60____________

Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to fill in the gaps:
 James Cook was born in England (43) 1728. His parents (44) poor farmworkers. (45) James was 18, he found a job on a coastal ship. He worked (46) ships until he was 27 years old, and then he joined the navy. He fought (47) Canada in a war against France. In 1768 King George III made him the captain of a ship and (48) him to the Pacific. He was gone (49) nearly three years when he (50), he was a national hero.

49___________

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

BELL’S TELEPHONE

A pioneer in the (51)________ of telecommunications, Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He moved to Ontario, and then to the United States, (52)______ in Boston, before beginning his career as an inventor. Throughout his life, Bell had been interested in the (53)________ of deaf people. This interest led him to invent the microphone and, in 18 76, his “electrical speech machine,” which we now call the telephone. News of his invention quickly (54)________ throughout the country, even throughout Europe. By 1878, Bell had set up the first telephone exchange in New Haven, Connecticut. By 1884, long-distance connections were (55)_____ between Boston, Massachusetts, and New York City. Bell imagined great (56)________ for his telephone, like the model from the 1920s, but would he ever have imagined telephone lines being used to (57)__________ video images? Since his death in 1922, the telecommunication industry had undergone an amazing revolution. Today, (58)_________ people are able to use a special display telephone to communicate. Fiber optics are improving the quality and speed of data transmission. Actually, your ability to (59) _______ this information relies upon telecommunications technology. Bell’s “electrical speech machine” paved the (60)______for the Information Superhighway. 

59__________

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

DOWN-TO-EARTH IDEAS

If a big apple and a small one drop from an identical height at the same instant, which one will reach the ground first? Neither! Without air resistance, a large apple will reach the ground no sooner than a small one. Many people find this hard to believe since it seems to contradict “common sense”.

A great Italian mathematician and physicist named Galileo first proved that, without friction, a heavy object and a light one released from the same height will reach the ground at the same instant.

He had begun to suspect that the common notion about heavier objects falling faster than lighter ones was false when he experimented with pendulum. He found that a heavy pendulum swung no faster than a lighter one. Galileo went on to experiment with balls rolling down a sloping plank and proved that heavy balls reached the bottom no faster than light balls.

Galileo’s investigation with the dynamics of motion revealed another important law of physics: that, apart from air resistance, bodies accelerate constantly as they fall. In a vacuum (where there is no air resistance) a heavy object does not fall faster than a light one; the rate of acceleration (32 feet per second) is the same for all objects. Thus any object travels faster at the end of its fall than at the beginning.

The word “notion” in the third paragraph can best be replaced by_____ .

Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to fill in the gaps:
No writer in American literature is (41) or more loved than Samuel Longhorn Clements. (42) in Missouri in 1835, he grew (43) on the bank of the Mississippi River and later adopted the (44) Mark Twain. The (45) environment inspired the two novels (46) made him famous.: "Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn" ": Life on the Mississippi", told of his adventures on the river (47) of that period.
Mark Twain's life as a writer started during the Civil War. At that time he (48) as a newspaperman in Nevada and California. (49) short story "The celebrated  Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" was an immediate (50) and his new career began.

45.________

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

As computers have become powerful tools for the rapid and economic production of pictures, computer graphics has emerged as one of the most rapidly growing fields in computer science. It is used routinely in such diverse areas as business, industry, art, government, education, research, training, and medicine.

One of the initial uses of computer graphics, and ultimately its greatest use, has been as an aid to design, generally referred to as computer-aided design (CAD). One of its greatest advantages is that designers can see how an object will look after construction and make changes freely and much more quickly than with hand drafting. For the three-dimensional rendering of machine parts, engineers now rely heavily on CAD. Automobile, spacecraft, aerospace, and ship designers use CAD techniques to design Vehicles and test their performance. Building designs are also created with computer graphics systems. Architects can design a building layout, create a three-dimensional model, and even go for a simulated “walk” through the rooms or around the outside of the building.

Business graphics are another rapidly growing area of computer graphics, where it is used to create graphs, charts, and cost models to summarize financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific, and economic data. As an educational aid, computer graphics can be used to create weather maps and cartographic materials. Computer art also has creative and commercial art applications, where it is used in advertising, publishing, and film productions, particularly for computer animation, which is achieved by a sequential process.

According to the passage, engineers use CAD for _________ .

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Industrialization has provided us with material (51)_______ and modern (52)____. Electrical appliances and efficient gadgets ease our daily (53)______. Yet, there is a heavy price tag (54)______ to this convenience. Large-scale industrialization is killing the world. Today there is a strong emphasis (55)_______ on the halt of CFC usage. CFCs, otherwise known as chloro-fluoro-carbons, are ozone-depleting chemicals. They (56)________ burn a hole in the earth’s atmosphere and we, on earth, suffer from) the strong radiation (57)_______ by the sun’s rays. Household (58)_________ like refrigerators, aerosol cans, air-conditioners and styrofoam containers (59)________ ozone-depleting chemicals. The hole in the sky allows harmful radiation to reach the earth. As a result, the temperature on the earth will (60)_________. This is alarming because polar ice caps will melt in the heat. Ocean levels will rise and islands will gradually be flooded.

51__________