Read the following passages and choose the correct answer to each question.

Researchers don’t think there’s any question that the discovery of a gene that appears to be linked to many types of cancer is really exciting and the best news for the public in a long time. The gene is involved in a high percentage of human cancers and its discovery might eventually lead to the development of a new anti-cancer treatment.

In normal cells, this gene, named MTS1, acts as a brake during the cell division process. But the researchers have found that the cell is missing in about half of the tumor cells they studied, allowing uncontrolled division of cells to take place and the resulting spread of cancer.

This discovery could be exploited in two ways, either by supplying the missing gene through gene therapy or by copying its function in a drug. Of course, this is not the first gene to be found that can suppress tumors; it’s the eleventh or twelfth. However, because of its seemingly wider presence, or absence, the knowledge of its existence could lead to a cure for some types of cancer.

What is the purpose of this passage?

Choose the best option for each numbered blank.

All five senses are important to us, but the two most important senses are (51)_____ the sense of sight and the sense of hearing. Blind and deaf people must(52)_____ life difficult because they are unable to do (53)______ that the rest of us can do naturally. People who (54)______ their sense of taste can not enjoy food as (55)_____ as they used to, whilst (56)______ who have no sense of smell can not realize, for example, when gas is (57)_______ or when food has gone (58)________.In addition to our physical senses, (59)______ is a great help in life to have a sense of humor, especially when things go wrong, and to have (60)_______ sense, something which can not be learned from books.

53_______________

Choose the word A, B, C, or D for each gap to complete the following passage.

The most extraordinary dream I ever (31)_______ was one in which I fancied that, as I was going into a theater, the cloak-room attendant stopped me in the lobby and insisted on my (32)________ my legs behind. I was not surprised, but I was considerably annoyed. I said I had never heard of such a rule at any respectable theater (33)______, and that I considered it a most absurd regulation. The man replied that he was very (34)_______, but that those were his instructions. People complained that they could not get to and from their (35)_____comfortably because other people’s legs were always in the way; and it had, therefore, been decided that (36)______ should leave their legs outside. It seemed to me that the management, in making this order, had gone (37)________ their legal right; and, under ordinary circumstances, I should have disputed it. However, I didn’t want to (38)______ a disturbance; and so I sat down and meekly prepared to comply with the demand. I had never before (39)_________ that the human leg could be unscrewed. I had always thought it was more securely fixed. But the man showed me how to undo them, and I found that they came off quite easily. The discovery did not surprise (40)____________ any more than the original request that I should take them off. Nothing does surprise one in a dream.

37______________

Read the following passages and choose the correct answer to each question.

How many times have you used electricity today? Here are a few of the electrical appliances you may have switched on: the light, the radio, the stove, the toaster, the refrigerator, the television, the washing machine.

For all these wonderful things and many more, you owe a "thank you" to an English scientist named Michael Faraday, who is known as the Pioneer of the Electrical Age.

Of course, Faraday was not the first to discover electricity. The early Greeks learned they could get electrical spark by rubbing a piece of amber from certain pine trees. The Greek name for amber was ‘electron’, from which we get the word ‘electricity.

In 1752 the American inventor Benjamin Franklin performed his famous kite­flying experiment and discovered that lightning is electricity.

In 1800 an Italian scientist named Volta invented the first electric battery, which produced a continuous flow of electricity.

But the man who put electricity to work was Michael Faraday. He showed the world how to make electricity run a motor. Then he showed us how to make a motor produce electricity. His experiments were the beginning of the Electrical Age.

The early Greeks learned that they could________ by rubbing a piece of amber.

Read the text then choose the best option to answer the question

Long ago a lot of people thought the moon was God. Other people thought it was just a light in the sky. And others thought it was a big ball cheese!

The telescopes were made. And men saw that the moon was really another world. They wondered what it was like. They dreamed of going there.

On July 20th, 1969, that dream came true. Two American men landed on the moon. Their names were Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin. The first thing the men found was that the moon is covered with dust. The dust is so thick that the men left footprints where they walked. Those were the first marks a living thing had ever made on the moon. And they could stay there for years and years. There is no wind or rain to wipe them off.

The two men walked on the moo for hours. They picked up rocks to bring back to earth for study. They dug up dirt to bring back. They set up machines to find out things people wanted to know. Then they climbed back into their moon landing craft.

Next day the landing craft roared as the men took off the moon. They joined Michael Collins in the spaceship that wait for them above the moon. Then they were off on their long trip back to earth.

Behind them they left the plains and tall mountains of the moon. They left the machines they had set up.

And they left footprints that may last forever.

This story tells …………….

Choose one option to fill each of the numbered gaps in the following passage.

Fish farming is only one of the many (31)_______ experiments man has begun in the endless battle to feed himself. It is not as easy as it (32)_______. One doesn’t simply find a pond, stock it with fish, and wait for them to (33)______. I knew one amateur who did just this. He (34)________ on his pond as a fishing hole for his friends. One morning he awoke to find its surface (35)__________ with dead fish. They had died quite naturally – (36)_______ suffocation. Commercially (37)______ freshwater fish need just that – and plenty of it. A good stream feeding the pond is one way to (38)_____________ that fish will stay healthy. (39)____ does it supply life-giving oxygen, it also helps to clear away the fish’s own (40)_______ matter. With the oceans being overfished in recent decades, fish farming may soon take over there too.

37____________

Read the following two passages and choose the correct answer to complete each of the questions.

There are some unattended level crossings, with gates which road-users have to open themselves, ‘Stop’ signs, and small red and green lights. Do not cross when the red light is showing, as a train is coming. There is a special railway telephone, and if you are driving a very large or slow-moving vehicle, or are on foot with animals you must first telephone the nearest station to make sure it is safe for you to cross. Open both gates before you cross and close them after you. When you have crossed, telephone the station to let them know you are over.

Some other unattended level crossings have gates but have no red lights. At such crossings, stop, look both ways, listen and make sure there is no train coming. If there is a special railway telephone, first telephone to make sure it is safe for you to cross. Before you cross with a vehicle or with animals, open the gates on both sides wide, and then check once again that no train is coming. Drive your vehicle or animals right across and well clear of the crossing and then close both gates.

Imagine you are going to drive across an unattended level crossing that has no lights at all. What is the final thing you must do before actually crossing?

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer for each question.

Atmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to 10 meters high. But plants can move water much higher, the sequoia tree can pump water to its very top, more than 100 meters above the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth century, the movement of water in trees and other tall plants was a mystery. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. Other explanations for the movement of water in plants have been based on root pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom of the plant. But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root pressures.

If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask: “How does it get there?” According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water in a plant results from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water. When water is confined in tubes of a very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between water molecules) are so great that the strength of a column of water compares with the strength of a steel wire of the same diameter. This cohesive strength permits columns of water to be pulled to great heights without being broken.

The passage answers which of the following questions?

Choose the correct word A, B or C for each gap to complete the following passage

Yesterday, Carlos went (6) ……………… La Tomatina. The festival is held on were the last Wednesday of August every year in Būnol, Spain. (7) ……………… were thousands of people there. In the morning, many people tried (8) ……………… up the pole to get the ham. At 11 a.m, they (9) ……………… a jet from the water cannons and the chaos began. Bags of tomatoes from trucks were (10) ……………… to the crowds, and they began throwing tomatoes at one another.

(8) ...............

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks.
The big issue for plane-makers planning for the future is size, not speed. With the skies already full of air traffic, and with worse to (46)_________, the important questions for the designers are how many passengers they can fit into the new super-planes and who will be (47)_________to build them first. Imagine yourself ten years from now in a packed airport departure lounge. Eight hundred passengers are waiting with you for their first flight on one of a remarkable range of super-planes, and the check-in time (48)__________ have been as much as four hours before take-off to allow for the extra people. Impossible? Far from it. Designs for these planes are already (49)_________ on a computer at the world’s top aircraft manufacturers, waiting to be turned (50)_________ reality. The airlines badly need the new jets to (51)________ with future increases in passenger (52)________ . A billion passengers a year are currently carried by air, but that figure is (53)___________ to double by the year 2020. The only practical of avoiding making the skies even busier is to build much bigger planes. The race to build the new jets is the hottest contest in the airliner business. Manufacturers are working (55)______ with the major airlines to produce designs that will please airlines and passengers alike.

48________

Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question.

A gold rush is the rapid relocation of large numbers of people to an area where gold has been discovered. Gold rushes capture the imagination and participation of many people because of the magical lure of gold and the potential for overnight affluence. The greatest gold rush in the United States history was the California Gold Rush of 1849.

The rush first began in 1848 when a carpenter named James Marshall discovered gold on the property of John A. Stutter in the Sacramento Valley. Hired to build a sawmill on the banks of the American River, Marshall had hardly begun work when he started finding nugget after nugget of gold. News of the discovery at Stutter’s mill spread quickly, and soon thousands of persons were laying claims in the area. These people, called “forty-niners”, rushed in from all over the world. In just two years, the population of California increased from about 26,000 to 380,000. Consequently, California was officially admitted to the union as a state, in September of 1850. The free-spending style of the successful miners helped to turn communities such as Sacramento and San Francisco into prosperous towns. Those who were not so lucky became farmers and ranchers in the Central Valley of California.

According to the passage, what qualified California to be admitted to the union?

Read the following passages and choose the correct answer to each question.

Researchers don’t think there’s any question that the discovery of a gene that appears to be linked to many types of cancer is really exciting and the best news for the public in a long time. The gene is involved in a high percentage of human cancers and its discovery might eventually lead to the development of a new anti-cancer treatment.

In normal cells, this gene, named MTS1, acts as a brake during the cell division process. But the researchers have found that the cell is missing in about half of the tumor cells they studied, allowing uncontrolled division of cells to take place and the resulting spread of cancer.

This discovery could be exploited in two ways, either by supplying the missing gene through gene therapy or by copying its function in a drug. Of course, this is not the first gene to be found that can suppress tumors; it’s the eleventh or twelfth. However, because of its seemingly wider presence, or absence, the knowledge of its existence could lead to a cure for some types of cancer.

What does MTS1 do?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.

After a tour in Cu Chi, we are moving to Mot Thoang Vietnam craft village (23) ___________ at Phu Binh Village, Ho Chi Minh City. Arriving at Mot Thoang Vietnam, we observe on-the-spot (24) ___________ craft persons weave tho cam (ethnic brocade fiber), (25) ___________ wooden logs into wonders and weave rattan into home appliances. Mot Thoang Vietnam can (26) ___________ your need to know what many of Vietnam’s traditional craft villages are like. The quarter of craft villages at Mot Thoang Vietnam is quiet, but not boring (27) ___________ craft persons chat amidst the clacking sound of wooden cudgels hitting a chisel caused by a sculptor or a loom used for weaving cloth.

Question 26_______________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option for each of the blanks.

The telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell, a Scotsman who became a US citizen. The word ‘telephone’ had been (61)_________ existence since the 1830s and had been (62)_______ to several inventions designed to produce sound.

Bell had become interested in the possibility of long-distance speech in his work with the deaf. He was twenty-eight and his assistant, Thomas Watson, was (64)______twenty-one when they achieved their great success on 10 March 1876. Despite their long and close association, Bell’s first communication by telephone was not “Tom, come here, I want you”, (65)_________ “Mr. Watson, come here, I want you”.

Filled with excitement, Bell and Watson demonstrated their invention to a US telegram company. The company wrote to Bell, (66)_______ that his invention was interesting. However, after giving it careful consideration, they had (67)________ to the conclusion that it had “no future”. Fortunately for Bell, others could see the possibilities. (68)_____ four years of its invention, the US had 60,000 telephones. In the next twenty years that figure increased to over 6 million.

Today, ninety-three percent of US homes have a phone, a (69)______ of phone ownership no other nation comes near to equal. Each US household makes or receives (70)______ average 3,516 calls per year, an astonishing statistic.

66_______________

Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question.

A gold rush is the rapid relocation of large numbers of people to an area where gold has been discovered. Gold rushes capture the imagination and participation of many people because of the magical lure of gold and the potential for overnight affluence. The greatest gold rush in the United States history was the California Gold Rush of 1849.

The rush first began in 1848 when a carpenter named James Marshall discovered gold on the property of John A. Stutter in the Sacramento Valley. Hired to build a sawmill on the banks of the American River, Marshall had hardly begun work when he started finding nugget after nugget of gold. News of the discovery at Stutter’s mill spread quickly, and soon thousands of persons were laying claims in the area. These people, called “forty-niners”, rushed in from all over the world. In just two years, the population of California increased from about 26,000 to 380,000. Consequently, California was officially admitted to the union as a state, in September of 1850. The free-spending style of the successful miners helped to turn communities such as Sacramento and San Francisco into prosperous towns. Those who were not so lucky became farmers and ranchers in the Central Valley of California.

What could be the best title for this passage?

Read the following and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

City people are always busy. They are always in a hurry. That is why they like supermarkets. You can buy things quickly and easily in a supermarket. If you want something, you just put it in your basket. You do not ask “How much does this cost?” The price of everything is on the cans and packets.

A supermarket is_______.

A UFO (Unidentified Flying Object) is any object flying in the sky which cannot be identified by the person who sees it. Sometimes the object is investigated. If people can still not figure out what the object is after an investigation, it is called a UFO. If they figure out what the object is, it can no longer be called a UFO because it has been identified.

Even though UFOs can be anything, people often use the word UFO when they are talking about alien spacecraft. Flying saucer is another word that is often used to describe an unidentified flying object.

Studies estimate that 50%-90% of all reported UFO sightings are identified later. Usually 10%-20% are never identified. Studies also show that very few UFO sightings are hoaxes (people trying to trick other people). Most UFOs are actually natural or man-made objects that looked strange. 80%-90% UFOs are identified as one of three different things: astronomical causes (for example: planets, stars, or meteors); aircraft; balloons 10%-20% of UFOs are other causes (such as birds, clouds, mirages, searchlights, etc.)

Which of the following sentences is NOT true?

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer for each question.

Atmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to 10 meters high. But plants can move water much higher, the sequoia tree can pump water to its very top, more than 100 meters above the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth century, the movement of water in trees and other tall plants was a mystery. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. Other explanations for the movement of water in plants have been based on root pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom of the plant. But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root pressures.

If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask: “How does it get there?” According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water in a plant results from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water. When water is confined in tubes of a very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between water molecules) are so great that the strength of a column of water compares with the strength of a steel wire of the same diameter. This cohesive strength permits columns of water to be pulled to great heights without being broken.

How many theories does the author mention?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option for each of the blanks.
Every year, the village of Pettineo celebrates its unique arts festival. For a few days each summer, artists from all over Europe (36)_______ at this village near the north coast of Sicily to (37)________ the creative atmosphere. During their stay, the artists get (38)_______ with the local people to paint a one-kilometer long picture that runs the (39)_____ of the high street. (40)________ the painting is done, each visiting artist joins a local family for a big lunch and, (41)_________ the meal, the family receives the (42)_______ of the painting that the artist has painted. As a result, (43)______ few villagers are rich, almost every home has at least one painting by a well-known European artist. Visitors to the village are eagerly (44)_______into homes to see these paintings. The festival was the (45)_______ of Antonio Presti, a local businessman who (46)______ it up four years ago. Since then, Pettineo has (47)__________ a sort of domestic art museum in (48)________ any visitor can ring a doorbell, go into a house and (49)___________ a painting. In addition to this exhibition of paintings in people’s homes, for those who have time to spare, there is an opportunity to (50)______through the display of huge sculptures in the village square.

49_____________

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below
Hi. We are from Neptune, the eighth planet from the Sun in the Solar System. Our planet is named (6) ___________ the Roman god of the sea. The climate here is very unfriendly, with a temperature of around -300 degrees Celsius, and the winds are very strong. Actually, we have a lot of storms here. Everything is freezing on the (7) ___________ of Neptune, so of course we don’t have liquid water. To be able to survive here, we have to build all of our cities underground, a hundred kilometers beneath the surface. Luckily, we don’t have Neptune-quakes!
Our life here is very different from your life on earth. Because it’s extremely (8) ___________ underground, we have a very good lighting system on round the clock. Every day, we need only three hours for sleep, four hours for work, and the rest of the day we (9) ___________ on our leisure activities. So life is relaxing. Most of us like traveling to other planets for new experiences. Although we are (10) ___________ than you in size, we can move very fast. In fact, we have wings, so we can fly. Thus, we don’t suffer heavy traffic like on your earth. We don’t have oxygen either, but we live on hydrogen.

 Because it’s extremely (8) ___________ underground, we have a very good lighting system on round the clock. 

At 11 a.m, they ……………… a jet from the water cannons and the chaos began.