Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to fill in the gaps:
No writer in American literature is (41) or more loved than Samuel Longhorn Clements. (42) in Missouri in 1835, he grew (43) on the bank of the Mississippi River and later adopted the (44) Mark Twain. The (45) environment inspired the two novels (46) made him famous.: "Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn" ": Life on the Mississippi", told of his adventures on the river (47) of that period.
Mark Twain's life as a writer started during the Civil War. At that time he (48) as a newspaperman in Nevada and California. (49) short story "The celebrated  Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" was an immediate (50) and his new career began.

42_________

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

As computers have become powerful tools for the rapid and economic production of pictures, computer graphics has emerged as one of the most rapidly growing fields in computer science. It is used routinely in such diverse areas as business, industry, art, government, education, research, training, and medicine.

One of the initial uses of computer graphics, and ultimately its greatest use, has been as an aid to design, generally referred to as computer-aided design (CAD). One of its greatest advantages is that designers can see how an object will look after construction and make changes freely and much more quickly than with hand drafting. For the three-dimensional rendering of machine parts, engineers now rely heavily on CAD. Automobile, spacecraft, aerospace, and ship designers use CAD techniques to design Vehicles and test their performance. Building designs are also created with computer graphics systems. Architects can design a building layout, create a three-dimensional model, and even go for a simulated “walk” through the rooms or around the outside of the building.

Business graphics are another rapidly growing area of computer graphics, where it is used to create graphs, charts, and cost models to summarize financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific, and economic data. As an educational aid, computer graphics can be used to create weather maps and cartographic materials. Computer art also has creative and commercial art applications, where it is used in advertising, publishing, and film productions, particularly for computer animation, which is achieved by a sequential process.

According to the passage, architects use CAD to_________ .

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

One of the most famous statues in the world (36)_______ on an island in New York Harbor. This statue is, of course, the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty is a woman (37)______ the torch of liberty, and its (38)______ name is the Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World’. The statue was a (39)__________ to American people from the French to show the (40)_____ between the two nations. It was (41) ______by Frederic Auguste Bartoldie and completed in 1884 in France, (42) _____ was transported to America and put up in 1886. In the years after the statue was put up, many (43)_________ came to the United States through New York. As they (44)_________ New York Harbor, they saw the Statue of Liberty holding up her torch. She symbolizes a welcome to a land of (45)_______.

40___________

Read the passage below carefully, and then select the correct option A, B, C or D:

"The World Wide Web was developed by British physicist and computer scientist Timothy Berners-Lee as a project within the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. Berners-Lee combined several existing ideas into a single system to make it easier for physicists to use data on the Internet. Most important, he added multimedia—the ability to include graphics—to the hyperlink concept found in a previous Internet service known as gopher. Berners-Lee had begun working with hypertext in the early 1980s. An early prototype implementation of the Web became operational at CERN in 1989, and the idea quickly spread to universities in the rest of the world.
Groups at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign researched and extended Web technology. They developed the first browser that was used at many sites, named Mosaic, in 1993. To allow the Web to be accessed from a wide variety of computer systems, researchers built multiple versions of Mosaic. Each version was designed to be used with a specific operating system, the software that controls the computer. Within a year, computer programmer Marc Andreessen had formed a commercial company, Netscape Communications Corporation, to build and sell Web technologies."

5/ Which sentence is not correct?

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

Paper is named for papyrus, a reed-like plant used by ancient Egyptians as writing material more than 5,000 years ago. The Chinese invented the paper that we use 2,000 years ago.

A piece of paper is made up of tiny fibers, not unlike a piece of material. The fibers used in paper, however, are plant fibers, and there are millions of them in one sheet. In addition to the plant fiber, dyes and additives such as resin may be used. Dyes can make the paper different colors; resins may add weight and texture.

Where do these fibers come from? The majority of paper is made from plant fiber that comes from trees. Millions are cut down, but new trees are planted in their place. Paper may be also made from things like old rags, or pieces of cloth. Wastepaper can be turned into recycled paper. This recycling process saves forests and energy and reduces air and water pollution.

According to the passage, the paper that we use was first invented by________.

Choose the word or phrase (ạ, b, c, or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

There are various types of pollution in the world. The most (51)__________ one is air pollution. It is caused mostly by factories that exclude smoke. This smoke pollutes the atmosphere (52) ________  dust and cinder which can cause various types of diseases like lung cancer, heart failure, and sinus infection (53)________ inhaled. Carbon monoxide from exhaust (54) _________ of vehicles is also very dangerous and can cause instant death when inhaled in (55)_________ amount. Water pollution is the pollution that occurs in rivers, seas, oceans, lakes, and other waterways. Water pollution is normally caused by the (56)____________ of waste like garbage and feces. The marine life in these waters will be affected. Some sea creatures perish while others (57)__________ the toxic extracts of the poisonous waste in their fat glands. When human beings eat these creatures, they will (58)______ fall ill or die. In Japan alone, every year, thousands of people suffer (59)____ strange diseases due to mercury poisoning. Others either lose their mental (60)______ or meet their deaths.

59.__________

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to answer these following questions

The greatest advantage of mass media is the power to reach a large number of people all around the world in a very short period of time. It plays an important role in our everyday lives. Mass media influences our likes and dislikes, opinions regarding many important issues, views, behavior, our values and our style. Its primary purpose is to inform, but looking at it from the perspective of the viewer its main purpose is to entertain. On everyday basis, children are being exposed to television and what is on it. Unfortunately, violence has taken over the entertainment world not only on television, but also in video games and movies. For many years, massive amount of violence in media has been of great concern not just for parents, but also for researchers and psychologists.

The three main functions of mass media are to provide us with information and entertainment and allow us to kill boredom. On average, a television set is ‘on’ for more than seven hours each day. Children and older people are most likely to be exposed to more television than adolescents or adults. According to Signorielli, violence appeared most frequently during the afternoon (2 to 5 PM), with 191 acts per hour; early morning (6 to 9 AM), with 158 acts per hour; and prime time, with 102 acts per hour.” A lot of times characters who commit violence are not sorry for what they have done and they do not face any consequences for their actions. Additionally, television usually does not show the realism of violence and how things would turn out in real life for a person who has committed a crime such as stealing or murder.

Does mass media influence one’s interest?

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to answer these following questions

The greatest advantage of mass media is the power to reach a large number of people all around the world in a very short period of time. It plays an important role in our everyday lives. Mass media influences our likes and dislikes, opinions regarding many important issues, views, behavior, our values and our style. Its primary purpose is to inform, but looking at it from the perspective of the viewer its main purpose is to entertain. On everyday basis, children are being exposed to television and what is on it. Unfortunately, violence has taken over the entertainment world not only on television, but also in video games and movies. For many years, massive amount of violence in media has been of great concern not just for parents, but also for researchers and psychologists.

The three main functions of mass media are to provide us with information and entertainment and allow us to kill boredom. On average, a television set is ‘on’ for more than seven hours each day. Children and older people are most likely to be exposed to more television than adolescents or adults. According to Signorielli, violence appeared most frequently during the afternoon (2 to 5 PM), with 191 acts per hour; early morning (6 to 9 AM), with 158 acts per hour; and prime time, with 102 acts per hour.” A lot of times characters who commit violence are not sorry for what they have done and they do not face any consequences for their actions. Additionally, television usually does not show the realism of violence and how things would turn out in real life for a person who has committed a crime such as stealing or murder.

 Are people committing violence sorry for their action?

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase

In the first part of the twentieth century, before a television set became an important (1) ____ of entertainment of most households, radio program was different (2) ___ what it is now. Children rushed home from school to listen to “Story Hour”. Someone was reading (3) ____ exciting story or a part of a story while the children’s imaginations provided visual images to fit the spoken ones. People listened to serials or stories (4) ____ were broken into one-hour segments. Because each hour ended with suspense, listeners have to (5) ______ at the same time the next day to find out what would happen.

Families gathered around the radio at night to listen to important news or favorite programs. However, (6) ____ there is the appearance of television, radio programming has changed. Radio stories have become a thing of the past (7)____ the fact that people prefer both to watch (8) ____ to hear. Radio is now a medium that is used more often in a car (9) ______ in a home. Because music and news are (10) ____ types of programs to listen to in a car, they are the most common. Radio, in fact, has become the music medium. It provides music for all tastes.

(7) ___________

Read the following passage carefully, and then select the best option A, B, C or D to complete it:

"WORLD WIDE WEB
World Wide Web (WWW), computer-based (1) _______ of information resources that combines text and multimedia. The information on the World Wide Web can be accessed and searched through the (2) _______, a global computer network. The World Wide Web is often (3) _______ to simply as “the Web.” The Web started to become a (4) _______ resource after 1993 when the first widely distributed browser provided a convenient way to (5) _______ a variety of information on the Internet. The Web uses (6) _______, which means that information can be displayed in a wide variety of formats. (7) _______ can read text, view pictures, watch animation, listen to sounds, and even explore interactive virtual environments on the Web. A user can (8) _______ seamlessly from a document or Web page stored on the computer to a document or Web page (9) _______ on another computer. The Web offers a place where companies, universities and (10) _______ institutions, and individuals can display information about their products, services, facilities, or research, or their (11) _______ lives. Only a small percentage of information on the (12) _______ is restricted to subscribers or other authorized users. The majority of Web pages are available to (13) _______ who can access a computer that connects to the Internet. The Web has become a (14) _______ for many companies selling products or services, and a forum for people to exchange opinions and information. Museums, libraries, government agencies, and schools post information on the Web to make it (15) _______ to others."

1. World Wide Web (WWW), computer-based (1) _______ of information resources that combines text and multimedia.

Read the passage and choose the correct answer:

Television has become an important part of people's life. It’s a wonderful source of information and entertainment. It’s also a great tool for learning and communication. People have enjoyed spending their time watching TV every day. There are both national and local channels on TV. Adults enjoy watching news, talk shows, and series. Children likes watching cartoons, comedies and some educational programs. It’s relaxing to watch television after a long day of hard work.

Adults enjoy watching cartoons, comedies and some educational programs.

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Clothing habits are a matter of (51)_________ preference in the United States. Most people are free to wear (52)______ they feel comfortable. Business people in large urban areas are (53)_______ to wear suits or dresses, while clothing in rural areas is less formal. Most Americans tend to dress casually when not in formal or business situations. When eating, most Americans (54)_______ a fork in the hand with which they write. Americans eat away from home often, and usually they (55)________ their own meals when dining with friends. When Americans greet one another they often (56)_________ a firm handshake. They may greet strangers on the street by saying ‘Hello’ or ‘Good morning’. Friends often greet each other (57)_________ ‘How are you?’ and respond ‘Fine, thanks.’ Americans do not really (58)_______ any other answer to the question ‘How are you?’ because it is a way of saying hello. Except in formal situations, people address each other by their given names once they are acquainted. Although Americans are generally informal people, it would be (59)________ to schedule an appointment before going to visit someone, especially in business (60) _________ an appointment has been made, it is considered to be prompt.

53____________

Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to fill in the gaps:
 James Cook was born in England (43) 1728. His parents (44) poor farmworkers. (45) James was 18, he found a job on a coastal ship. He worked (46) ships until he was 27 years old, and then he joined the navy. He fought (47) Canada in a war against France. In 1768 King George III made him the captain of a ship and (48) him to the Pacific. He was gone (49) nearly three years when he (50), he was a national hero.

47__________

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the sentences

_______students required to wear uniforms at all times?

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

DOWN-TO-EARTH IDEAS

If a big apple and a small one drop from an identical height at the same instant, which one will reach the ground first? Neither! Without air resistance, a large apple will reach the ground no sooner than a small one. Many people find this hard to believe since it seems to contradict “common sense”.

A great Italian mathematician and physicist named Galileo first proved that, without friction, a heavy object and a light one released from the same height will reach the ground at the same instant.

He had begun to suspect that the common notion about heavier objects falling faster than lighter ones was false when he experimented with pendulum. He found that a heavy pendulum swung no faster than a lighter one. Galileo went on to experiment with balls rolling down a sloping plank and proved that heavy balls reached the bottom no faster than light balls.

Galileo’s investigation with the dynamics of motion revealed another important law of physics: that, apart from air resistance, bodies accelerate constantly as they fall. In a vacuum (where there is no air resistance) a heavy object does not fall faster than a light one; the rate of acceleration (32 feet per second) is the same for all objects. Thus any object travels faster at the end of its fall than at the beginning.

Which of the following sentences is NOT true?

Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d.

Stress releases a number of different chemicals and hormones into your body that raises blood pressure, weakens your immunity to colds and illness, impair your memory, increase fat cell storage, and lead to depression. Doing exercise regularly is an effective and successful stress treatment for its bad effects. The set of good chemicals and hormones released during exercise are an important arsenal that can defeat the chemicals created by stress.

Canadian researchers have discovered that depressed people feel better about themselves after exercising from 20 minutes to an hour, three times a week for five weeks. In some cases, the benefits last up to one year. It is important to note that severe cases of depression require medical review and a combination of treatments.

In another study, a team of Australian researchers found that those who did 30 minutes of aerobic exercise three times a week had lower blood pressure and responded best to acute stress.

Chemicals and hormones released by stress _________ .

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

CYCLONE

A cyclone is a storm (51)________ heavy rain and violent winds. The winds can reach a speed of over 200 kilometers per hour; (52)_____________, they usually cause a lot of damage. They also cause very (53) _________ seas. Cyclones (54)______ over warm tropical (55)_______ . In Australia, they occur(56)_______along the coast, north of the Tropic of Capricorn. They usually occur (57)_________the months of November and April. A cyclone (58) _____  up to 300 kilometers wide. The winds (59) __________  at great speeds. In the middle, there is a calm area. This is called the ‘eye’ of the cyclone. The eye can be quite big, (60)________ 50 kilometers wide.

58.___________

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April, 1948, and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health Organization.

The WHO's constitution, states that its objective is "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health. "Its major task is to combat diseases, especially key infectious diseases, and to promote the general health of the people of the world. The WHO also sponsors programs to prevent and treat serious epidemics such as SARS, malaria, and AIDS. The WHO supports the development and distribution of safe and effective vaccines, pharmaceutical diagnostics, and drugs. After over 2 decades of fighting smallpox, the WHO declared in 1980 that the disease had been eradicated - the first disease in history to be eliminated by human effort.

The WHO is nearing success in developing vaccines against malaria and aims to eradicate polio within the next few years. The organization has already endorsed the world's first official HIV/AIDS Tool kit for Zimbabwe making it an international standard. In addition to its work in eradicating disease, the WHO also carries out various health-related campaigns, for example, to boost the consumption of fruits and vegetables worldwide and to discourage tobacco use.

Experts met at the WHO headquarters in Geneva in February, 2007, and reported that their work on pandemic influenza vaccine development had achieved encouraging progress. More than 40 clinic trials have been completed or are ongoing. Most have focused on healthy adults. Some companies, after completing safety analyses in adults, have initiated clinical trials in the elderly and in children. All vaccines so far appear to be safe arid well-tolerated in all age groups tested.

According to the text, which disease has been eradicated?

Read the passage below carefully, and then select the correct option A, B, C or D:

"The World Wide Web was developed by British physicist and computer scientist Timothy Berners-Lee as a project within the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. Berners-Lee combined several existing ideas into a single system to make it easier for physicists to use data on the Internet. Most important, he added multimedia—the ability to include graphics—to the hyperlink concept found in a previous Internet service known as gopher. Berners-Lee had begun working with hypertext in the early 1980s. An early prototype implementation of the Web became operational at CERN in 1989, and the idea quickly spread to universities in the rest of the world.
Groups at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign researched and extended Web technology. They developed the first browser that was used at many sites, named Mosaic, in 1993. To allow the Web to be accessed from a wide variety of computer systems, researchers built multiple versions of Mosaic. Each version was designed to be used with a specific operating system, the software that controls the computer. Within a year, computer programmer Marc Andreessen had formed a commercial company, Netscape Communications Corporation, to build and sell Web technologies."

6/ Who researched and extended Web technology?

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to answer these following questions

The greatest advantage of mass media is the power to reach a large number of people all around the world in a very short period of time. It plays an important role in our everyday lives. Mass media influences our likes and dislikes, opinions regarding many important issues, views, behavior, our values and our style. Its primary purpose is to inform, but looking at it from the perspective of the viewer its main purpose is to entertain. On everyday basis, children are being exposed to television and what is on it. Unfortunately, violence has taken over the entertainment world not only on television, but also in video games and movies. For many years, massive amount of violence in media has been of great concern not just for parents, but also for researchers and psychologists.

The three main functions of mass media are to provide us with information and entertainment and allow us to kill boredom. On average, a television set is ‘on’ for more than seven hours each day. Children and older people are most likely to be exposed to more television than adolescents or adults. According to Signorielli, violence appeared most frequently during the afternoon (2 to 5 PM), with 191 acts per hour; early morning (6 to 9 AM), with 158 acts per hour; and prime time, with 102 acts per hour.” A lot of times characters who commit violence are not sorry for what they have done and they do not face any consequences for their actions. Additionally, television usually does not show the realism of violence and how things would turn out in real life for a person who has committed a crime such as stealing or murder.

How many hours a day does a TV set is used per day on average?

Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Industrialization has provided us with material (51)_______ and modern (52)____. Electrical appliances and efficient gadgets ease our daily (53)______. Yet, there is a heavy price tag (54)______ to this convenience. Large-scale industrialization is killing the world. Today there is a strong emphasis (55)_______ the halt of CFC usage. CFCs, otherwise known as chloro-fluoro-carbons, are ozone-depleting chemicals. They (56)________ burn a hole in the earth’s atmosphere and we, on earth, suffer from) the strong radiation (57)_______ by the sun’s rays. Household (58)_________ like refrigerators, aerosol cans, air-conditioners and styrofoam containers (59)________ ozone-depleting chemicals. The hole in the sky allows harmful radiation to reach the earth. As a result, the temperature on the earth will (60)_________. This is alarming because polar ice caps will melt in the heat. Ocean levels will rise and islands will gradually be flooded.

55_________