Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions: 

Don’t you ever mention that matter again. I will not hear anything of it.

An American pharmaceutical company has focused on designing a vaccine (i) _______ of a viral strain or variety that infects primarily humans. This vaccine has the advantage of protecting against most types of rotavirus infection, but because it is derived (ii) _______ a human strain, it can have serious side effects and even cause the disease itself. Another Europe company developed a different vaccine type by combining human strains with ones taken from cows. In this case, the vaccine is too weak to cause disease in people, however, it only offers protection against major types of rotavirus infection. Regardless of their initial structure, (iii) _______ vaccines work in similar ways by attaching themselves to the VP4 spikes and triggering an immune response before viral cells have a chance to spread (iv) _______ contaminate healthy cells. The two rotavirus vaccines are now undergoing clinical trials and are awaiting (v) _______ to be released on the market. So far, they have proven to have a 90% rale of success

without registering any major side effects.

(v)_____

Anyone who has ever successfully stood up on a surfboard and carved through the water will not deny that it is an unforgettable experience. Gaining mastery of the technique is not easy, (i) _______ It is certainly worth paying for some qualified coaching before you venture into the waves. You should also get advice on what kind of board (ii) _______. The length of the board is a particularly crucial decision.

Inevitably, you will be a bit shaky at first but after you’ve caught your first wave, your (iii) _______will improve. A few more waves, plus the necessary practice to improve your paddling ability, and you will be beginning to derive the kind of enjoyment from this ancient sport that causes (iv) _______normal people to organise their lives around it. Of course, the perfect wave can be elusive but weather should never be a deterrent. The enormous variety of modem wetsuits available (v) _______ you warm and dry whatever the weather.

(ii)______

Gun-control groups use this terrible accident to show why guns should (i) _______ illegal. They argue that guns actually make people more (ii) _______. Some researeh has shown that for every time a gun is used to prevent a crime, there are 22 shootings by accident. 76.6% of all victims were killed by a relative or someone they knew, and only 3.6% were shot at by criminals. The rest of the shootings involved police or the army. The risk for violence is five times greater in households (iii) _______  there are guns available. Most of the shootings happen after family members fight with each other. In other serious eases, teenagers brought guns to school and began shooting (iv) _______ their teachers and classmates. In the end, they committed suicide by killing (v) _______ with the same gun.

(v)____

Musicals are a wonderful (i) _______ of entertainment. While plays are theatrical productions which tell a story through written words of a script and are presented by (ii) _______, musicals are stories told with lyrics and music. In New York, many of the theatres where the famous and well-known musicals are performed are on or near Broadway and (iii) _______ that reason, the musicals are often referred to as “Broadway Musicals”. Some of the lesser known productions, whether theatrical or musical, (iv) _______________ also performed in New York, but these are usually performed in other areas of the city and are referred to as “Off-Broadway” productions. Some of the same musicals being performed in New York are also being performed throughout the world in major cities. And not all musicals are first performed in New York. Sometimes, shows open in London’s West End which is home to numerous theatres (v) _______ musicals, as well as plays, are performed with great frequency and regularity to full-house audiences.

(v)_____-

Every year a festival is held to commemorate the founding of our town over 150 years ago. The festival (i) _______ for a week and during that time many local people dress up in old- fashioned clothes, sometimes even wearing them at work. On the first day of the celebrations an opening (ii) _______ is performed by a visiting celebrity at the band-stand in the town centre. From there a colourful procession makes its way through the streets of the town. We spend weeks beforehand preparing the floats, many of (iii) _______ are sponsored by local firms and organizations. In addition to these floats, there are bands and street entertainers, such as fire caters, jugglers and clowns walking on stilts. The procession ends up in the park, where a large marquee has been erected around the marquee. There are various stalls where you can buy local produce or play traditional games. Throughout the week many events are organized to recreate life 150 years ago. You can have your photograph (iv) _______ wearing 19th century clothes or _______ learn traditional crafts such as basket-weaving. For the children there are puppet shows and talent contests. The festival attracts thousands of visitors, and what used to be just a small local event has now grown into a (v) _______ tourist attraction.

(iv)____

Vincent Van Gogh is a very famous painter from the 19th century. Van Gogh’s paintings are sold at very high prices because many collectors want his paintings. But unfortunately, when he was (i) _______ he did not have a happy life. Van Gogh was from a poor family in Holland and lived (ii) _______ his life at home. He lived a rather sad and (iii) _______ life. He drew things that he could sec cither around the quiet town of his parents’ home or outside his window. This was why he painted things like the sky, his room and even himself. Van Gogh once cut off his own car after drawing a picture of himself. He cut it off to show the person that said the ear in Van Gogh’s painting was not correct. It was very (iv) _______ him to do such a thing. Van Gogh was also (v) _______ a crazy man. He really did become crazy, and was sent to a mental hospital. Sadly, he killed himself when he was just 37.

(i)____-

Choose the underlined part among A, B, C, or D that needs correcting: Either you nor John is going to help Peter with his work.

After I _______ I remembered what I'd wanted to say. 

The use of “code talkers” had its beginnings in World War I when the Americans used Choctaw Indians during the battle of the Meuse Argonne in France in 1918. But none of the volunteers in war were (i) _______ recognized or honored for their contributions to the war effort until several years after the end of the Second World War. And it was not the Americans who (ii) _______ tribute to these volunteers first. It was the French, who, in 1989, honored the survivors by presenting them with an Order of Merit, which is the second-highest honor (iii) _______ valor that the French bestow. Ten years later, the United Slates Department of Defense recognized the sole surviving Comanche “code talker” for his bravery and achievements in a ceremony in Washington, D.C. and they presented him with an award created a few years before by the intelligence corps to recognize contributions such as the Comanchcs had made. The Comanche volunteers made an additional contribution to society as a (iv) _______  by their wartime efforts. These men, all of whom had attended school in America and had been chastised for trying to retain English, can be credited not only with helping to win the war but also with insuring the preservation of a language, which until after the war, had been nearly destroyed by its non-use. their native languages and criticized when they did not (v) _______ English, can be credited not only with helping to win the war but also with insuring the preservation of a language, which until after the war, had been nearly destroyed by its non-use.

(ii)___

As President, Grant had the task of continuing to attempt (i) _______ reunify the American nation after its Civil War. One of Grant’s accomplishments as President was the enactment of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution which ensured voting rights for blacks. Grant is also remembered as the President who signed the bill into law which created America’s first national park – Yellowstone Park. But financial problems throughout the land while Grant was in office (ii) _______ the Panic of 1873.

Grant was criticized for his indecisiveness, failure to lake decisive action, and inability to helo the American economy during the Panic, and in the next elections the (iii) _______  won more scats in Congress and look the Presidency. Several scandals occurred during Grant’s administration. Grant was an (iv) _______ man but had appointed loyal friends and supporters to serve in governmental capacities.

Some of his appointees were involved in the corruption. It is thought that Grant’s early business failures and lack of success in personal relationships with other military leaders and businessman (v) _______ reasons why Grant appointed those who had remained loyal to him and had been nice to him even though they were not political astute.

(v)_____

Israel and Palestine have been at war with each other (i) _______ many years now. The reason behind the conflict is religion. Palestine is a very old country lying in the Middle East. It is an Arabic nation where most of its population is Muslim. Israel (ii) _______ at the border with Palestine. It is a much younger country formed by Jews (iii) _______ religion is radically and completely different from the Muslim religion. Israel grew stronger after the Second World War, when it became a friend and ally of the United States. It started to occupy land from surrounding countries (iv) _______ on the fact that Jews used to live on that land (v) _______  years ago.

(iii)_____

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions: 

Laws on military service since 1960 still hold good. 

Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, is a city of contrasts. It is an exciting, (i) _______ , modem city and, at the same time, a city that is full of history. The streets of Bangkok are usually noisy and have too many people. Some people are selling food; (ii) _______  are selling clothing, cassette tapes, flowers, or souvenirs. Visitors love the river markets, the beautiful temples and arehitecture, and the nightlife. They also enjoy the food, the shopping, and the friendly Thai people. (iii) _______ seems to smile there. Most of the year, Bangkok is hotter than any other capital city in Asia, but from December to February, the weather is not as warm and so it is much more comfortable. Actually, it’s an interesting city to visit at any time of the year. The shopping is excellent, and the prices are not as high as in many other large cities in Southeast Asia. There is always so much to do in Bangkok any time of the day or night – (iv) _______ watching Thai dancing or boxing to taking a boat trip on the river or trying some of the delicious and spicy food. And if you get (v) _______ the city and want fewer crowds, there are beautiful beaches only two hours away by bus.

(iv)_____

The old version of the hula is the hula kahiko. It is a very melodic and sensuous dance, performed to bring (i) _______ to the senses. The dancers gently move their hips back and forth while singing and telling a story with their fingers. Hula kahikos can be funny fishermen stories, or very serious historical tales. (ii) _______ them were performed to entertain or praise kings or chiefs. But (iii) _______ serious hulas were religious performances made inside a temple. It was a sign of bad luck to make a mistake during a hula performance. Therefore, dancers were secluded inside the temple while learning the dance. They could not (iv) _______ by anybody, and were not allowed to leave until they knew the dance by heart and could execute (v) _______ without any mistakes

(iii)_____

Gun-control groups use this terrible accident to show why guns should (i) _______ illegal. They argue that guns actually make people more (ii) _______. Some researeh has shown that for every time a gun is used to prevent a crime, there are 22 shootings by accident. 76.6% of all victims were killed by a relative or someone they knew, and only 3.6% were shot at by criminals. The rest of the shootings involved police or the army. The risk for violence is five times greater in households (iii) _______  there are guns available. Most of the shootings happen after family members fight with each other. In other serious eases, teenagers brought guns to school and began shooting (iv) _______ their teachers and classmates. In the end, they committed suicide by killing (v) _______ with the same gun.

(iii)____

The reason why glaciers melt (i) _______ the warm weather. In 1850, many glaciers melted or became very small. This period is called the Little Ice Age. Melting glaciers are very normal and common. But after 1980, scientists have discovered (ii) _______  glaciers melt faster than usual. This melting or retreating of glaciers is the result of global warming. The weather on Earth has become warmer and this has a negative effect (iii) _______ the environment. When glaciers melt, the water flows into valleys and causes big floods. In addition, glaciers are made up of fresh water. Actually, glaciers contain the largest (iv) _______ of fresh water in the world. When glaciers melt, this fresh water gets mixed with dirt, sand, rocks and salt. Il is no longer good lor drinking and gets (v) _______.

(i)______

He _______ about his new car all the time. 

find that have too much work. t’s _______ into my spare time and don’t stand for that. 

Liza Cooke works (i) _______ vso, a voluntary charity organization. For the last three years she (ii) _______ English in a primary school in a small village in Nigeria. Before that she lived with her parents in a semi-detached house in Croydon, and worked in an office in north London. Her life changed dramatically after she decided to join vso as a volunteer worker. “I used to travel to work every day by train. The journey would take between forty minutes and an hour. Now it only takes me a few minutes. I used to work in a large office with about thirty other people. Now 1 teach classes of up to fifty children. I still work (iii)         _______  well, more or less. The classroom has walls but no windows! I used to hale my office job. It was so boring. But teaching is so different -I really enjoy it. Of course, working in an office and living at home (iv) _______ that I had a lot of free time. I would go out every night of the week and enjoy myself. I never stayed at home. Now 1 find 1 have hardly (v) _______ free time, but I don’t mind. I seem to spend most of my free time doing

(iii)______

Anyone who has ever successfully stood up on a surfboard and carved through the water will not deny that it is an unforgettable experience. Gaining mastery of the technique is not easy, (i) _______ It is certainly worth paying for some qualified coaching before you venture into the waves. You should also get advice on what kind of board (ii) _______. The length of the board is a particularly crucial decision.

Inevitably, you will be a bit shaky at first but after you’ve caught your first wave, your (iii) _______will improve. A few more waves, plus the necessary practice to improve your paddling ability, and you will be beginning to derive the kind of enjoyment from this ancient sport that causes (iv) _______normal people to organise their lives around it. Of course, the perfect wave can be elusive but weather should never be a deterrent. The enormous variety of modem wetsuits available (v) _______ you warm and dry whatever the weather.

(i)____