Just as more English is being taught in primary schools worldwide, so there are a growing number of language schools in English- speaking countries that are offering courses are (i) _______ to 11 – year – olds and upwards, with a few that cater for children as young as seven. But what is a (ii) _______ age to start sending children abroad to study? After all, even adult learners find the experience of traveling to a strange country and encountering people who speak a bare (iii) _______ language challenging. A great deal depends on how a child has been (iv) _______ up. For example, if they have been exposed to new things and have already stared to learn independence, then they are likely to enjoy the experience. In addition, children who have previously travelled abroad with their parents will be well prepared to undertake a study (v)_________ _______ in an English – speaking country on their own. Getting used to the idea that other countries have different customs and cultures is an important stage in the process of learning a foreign language.

(ii)______

Parents whose children show a special interest in a particular sport have a difficult decision to  (i) _____  about their children’s career. Should they allow their children to train to become top sportsmen and women? For many children, it means starting very young and school work, going out with friends and other interests have to take second place. Il’s very difficult to explain to a young child why he or she has to train for five hours a day, even at the weekend, when (ii) _____of his or her friends are playing. Another problem is of course money. In many countries, money for training is available from the government for the very best young sportsmen and women. If this help cannot be given, it means that it is the parents (iii) _____ have to find the time and the money to support their child’s development- and sports clothes, transport to competitions, special equipment etC. can all be very expensive. Many parents are understandably worried that it is dangerous to start serious training in a sport at an early age. Some doctors agree that young (iv) _____ may be damaged by training before they are properly developed.Professional trainers, however, believe that it is only by starting young that you can reach the top as a successful sports person. What is clear is that very (v) _____  people reach the top and both parents and children should be prepared for failure even after many years of training.

(ii)______

Choose A, B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions: 

She intends to move that the committee suspends discussion on this issue

Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions. "Children often get ______ in order to be immune to fatal diseases"

Aluminium foil is used to wrap food in the kitchen. It is very thin flexible metal sheet, sold in a roll, and since it is put in the oven. The invention of the foil in France in 1903 may not have seemed hugely significant at the time but it began a packaging revolution that was to change our whole (i) _______ of life. Until the early 20th century, everything bought from shops was wrapped with paper and string. (ii) _______ the growing technological expertise in the world, packaging remained quite basiC. Aluminium foil was not widely used until 1914, when people began using it as a secure top for milk bottles. Some forty years later, however, the packaging revolution really (iii) _______  when companies making the cans used for soft drinks stopped using tin, a metal which was becoming too expensive, and switched to aluminium. (iv) _______ production of aerosol cans soon followed. Al the turn of the 20th century, there was little or no packaging to throw away. But with the arrival of the new materials, what we now refer to as the “throw – away society” was bom. Disposable razors, for example, were (v) _______ to be used and then thrown aw’ay. The idea was appealing to manufacturers because it meant that the customer would always be coming back for more.

(ii)______-

It has been proposed that we  ........  the topic.

Earthquakes are amongst the most destructive natural disasters. They usually (i) _____ without any warning and result in a great (ii) _____ of life and an enormous demolition of buildings. Additionally, they may cause devastating landslides or create gigantic tidal waves which, in fact, are colossal walls of water smashing into seashores with such force that they are (iii) _____ of destroying coastal cities.

However, the vast majority of fatalities and serious injuries come about when buildings collapse. Most frequently, the earthquake lasts 30 to 60 seconds, so usually there is no time to avert the mortal (iv) _____ once the shaking starts. The savage forces of an earthquake trigger (v) _____ a complex chain reaction in the building structure when it is shaken, lifted, pushed or pulled. A building’s height, its shape and construction materials are the most significant factors deciding about the survival or collapse of the structure and, consequently, about the life or death of its inhabitants.

(iv)_______

- “Do you feel like going to the stadium this afternoon

- “ ...............   ”

Many adults in America and increasing numbers elsewhere take part in mentoring schemes. A mentor is an adult who provides support and friendship to a young person. There are (i) _____ different ways of mentoring: passing on skills, sharing experiences, offering guidance. Sometimes the most helpful thing is just to listen. Mentoring is open to anybody – no particular (ii) _____ experience is required, just a desire to make a difference to the life of a young person who needs help. This may seem a difficult thing at first, but many people find they have a real (iii) _____ for it.

The support of a mentor can play an important role in a child’s development and can often make up (iv) _____a lack of guidance in a young person’s life. It can also improve young people’s attitude towards society and build up their confidence in dealing with life’s challenges. For the mentor, it can be incredibly rewarding to know that they have had a significant (v) _____ on a child and helped to give them the best possible chance in life. Indeed, it is not only adults who are capable of taking on this role. There is now an increasing demand for teenagers to mentor younger children, for example by helping them with reading or other school work.

(ii)______

The arehaeologist Howard Carter died in Egypt only five months after uncovering the tomb of King Tutankhamen in the Upper Valley of the Nile. Twenty-five others involved in the project also died within a year of the excavation of the tomb. Newspapers al the time (i) _____ the deaths to the Mummy’s Curse after a journalist (ii) _____ to have found a hieroglyphic inscription at the entrance of the tomb.

The writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of the famous fictional detective Sherlock Holmes, also advanced the story, insisting that a “pharaoh’s curse” was (iii) _____ for the deaths. Doctors have long speculated that they fell victim to some sort of bacteria, but now Dr. Nicola Di Paolo, a kidney disease expert and amateur arehaeologist has obtained the first clinical proof the (iv) _____ growth of a highly toxic microscopic Fungus. “In tombs which have been closed for centuries, air and damp may penetrate minute cracks in the walls, permitting the growth of poisonous moulds”, Di Paulo said recently. He speculated that an explorer who entered a tomb that had been closed for centuries without using a mask must have inhaled dust full of toxins from the mould. Similarly, he said, researehers handling the mummy and other objects found in Tutankhamen’s tomb could have breathed in the toxic mould. While small quantities are thought to be harmless, Di Paolo said (v) _____ exposure could be fatal, causing severe degeneration of the kidneys and liver.

(iv)_____-

Many of the things we do depend on receiving information from other people. Catching a train, making a phone call and going to the cinema all involve information that is stored, processed and communicated. In the past, this information had to be kept on paper (i) _______  , for example, books, newspapers and timetables. Now, more and more information is put on computers. Computers play a role in our everyday lives, sometimes without US even realizing it. (ii) _______  the use of computers in both shops and offices. Big shops have to deal with very large amount of information. They have to make sure that there are enough goods on the shelves for customers to buy, they need to be ablcto reorder before (iii) _______ run out. A lot of office work in the past involved information on paper. Once it had been dealt with by people, the paper was (iv) _______ for future reference. This way of working was never particularly easy or fast. A computer system is much more (v) _______ .

(i)_______

_______ the police had rescued from the fire.

Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the following word(s). "intake"

For all the talk of what humankind has done to cause destruction to the planet, we should not forget that nature itself is a powerful force, capable of doing damage on a huge scale. The greenhouse (i) _____ and the hole in the ozone layer are indeed made worse by the industrialized society we live in. However, we must remember that there are certain species of plant and animal which, quite naturally, (ii) _____ offgases that are very harmful to the atmosphere. And only fifty years ago in London, hundreds of people died from the smog which hung over the River thames. What is interesting here is that, yes, smoke and gases from industry, vehicles and fossil (iii) _____  were ingredients in this deadly mixture. The other vital ingredient, though, was the completely natural fog, and who would have thought that could be harmful? In the early days of the industrial revolution, poets, painters and philosophers described how the polluted urban skies made them think of the end the world. Well, towards the end of the nineteenth century, the volcanic eruption of Krakatoa nearly made it happen! Though of tons of dust and ash were thrown into the air and, for years afterwards, there were red sunsets caused by the light filtering through this natural pollution. Remembering scientists pet theory about the dinosaurs (iv) _____ out because of a huge volcanic eruption, we were lucky that humankind survived this time. So next time you look out from your garden or balcony and see a beautiful red sunset, think of the possibilities. It could be the result of our activities poisoning the air we breathe, or it might just be (v) _____ turning on the radio to check there haven’t been any major eruptions lately!

(v)______

Beware …………..pickpockets! 

He promised to deliver the stuff today and has let us ..........  again.

When I have free time, I usually ______.

There’s extensive historical evidence that our ancestors may have witnessed a massive invasion of Unidentified Flying Objects encroaching on their territories. These extraterrestrials are (i) _______ to have come into touch with the ancient earthly populations and helped them erect numerous magnificent structures or even establish glamorous empires. However, the present – day fascination with UFO was only instigated by the first widely (ii) _______ American sighting in Idaho in 1947. Since that time, countless other close encounters have been reported both by highly credible witnesses such as top – class pilots and less credible ones such as ordinary civilians. Thousands of people around the world maintain having come (iii) _______ to the visitors from outer space or to have been abducted for a scientific study inside their flying saucers. Although most of theseaccounts have been dismissed as fantasy or hallucinations, there’s (iv) _______ criticism from the public and media for ignoring the subject for too long. To many people, rejecting even the most inexplicable sightings or UFO encounters as luminous artificial objects, natural phenomena like auroras or even as meteorological balloons and satellites seems to be an irresponsible approach. Most of us would prefer to believe that there extraterrestrial guests are arriving from some remote galaxies to establish a peaceful relationship and possibly give us a fair warning against the consequences of our wasteful lifestyles. Yet, there’s another theory (v) _______ that the visitors’ attitude towards mankind isn’t so conciliatoryas the terrestrial populations. Doubtless, flying saucers still continue to be observed in many places of the world, triggering the imagination of UFO – maniacs. But, a large percentage of such sightings will remain beyond explanation until more convincing evidence is supplied by the true experts.

(iii)______-

Today we are accustomed to seeing news as it presents, whether it is a fire in a nearby community, a speech by a president or an actual (i) _____ between two armies ten thousand miles away. It is important for students to grasp that. This experience has been possible only within the (ii)     _____  fifty years. Until well into the twentieth century it took days or weeks before newspapers could report on invasions or great natural disasters. We live, therefore, in a remarkable period when we not only (iii) _____ instant news on the radio but can watch dramatic events just as they are taking place thousands of miles away. Television news can be (iv) _____  as part of the entertainment provided by the broadcasting industry. We don’t only sec newsreaders providing detailed accounts of events but we have a great (v) _____ live footage. News items are generally short, rarely more than three minutes, and features are included that are attractive to local audiences, even though they are unimportant in terms of world, or national news.

(ii)________

I ran  ......  George in the library.

We are using up the world’s petroleum. We use it in our cars and to heat our building in winter. Farmers use petrochemicals to make the soil rich. They use them to kill insects (i) _______ eat plants. These chemicals go into rivers and lakes and kill the fish there. Thousands of pollutants also go into the air and pollute it. Winds carry this (ii) _______ air to other countries and other continents. Poor farmers use the same land over and over. The land needs a rest so it will be better next year. However, the farmers must have food this year. Poor people cut down forests (iii) _______ firewood. In some areas when the trees are gone, the land becomes desert. Poor people can’t save the environment for the (iv) _______ . This is not a problem for one country or one area of the world. It is a problem for all- humans. The people and the nations of the world must work together to (v) _______  the world’s resources.

(iv)_____-