It is difficult to write rules that tell exactly when we should apologize, but it is not difficult to learn how. If we have done something to hurt someone’s feeling or if we have been impolite or rude, we should apologize. An apology indicates that we realize we have made a mistake, and we are sorry for it. It is a way of expressing our regret for something. When we apologize, we admit our wrongdoing, usually offer a reason for it, and express regret.
The simplest way to apologize is to say “I’m sorry”, but often that is not enough. Let’s take a common situation. Mario is late for class and enters the classroom, interrupting the teacher in the middle of the class. What does he do? The most polite action is usually to take a seat as quietly as possible and apologize later. But if the teacher stops and waits for him to say something, he could apologize simply “I’m sorry I’m late”, ask permission to take his seat, and sit down. Naturally, more than this, a reason for the tardiness, is needed, but this is not the time or the place for it because he has already caused one interruption and doesn’t need to make it any longer or worse than it already is.

When we apologize, ________

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to answer these following questions:
The World Trade Organization came into being in 1995. One of the youngest of the international organizations, the WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in the wake of the Second World War. So while the WTO is relatively young, the multilateral trading system that was originally set up under the GATT is over 70 years old. 
The past 70 years have seen an exceptional growth in world trade. Merchandise exports have grown on average by 6% annually. This growth in trade has been a powerful engine for overall economic expansion and on average trade has grown by 1.5 times more than the global economy each year. Total exports in 2016 were 250 times the level of 1948. The GATT and the WTO have helped to create a strong and prosperous trading system contributing to unprecedented growth.
The system was developed through a series of trade negotiations, or rounds, held under the GATT. The first rounds dealt mainly with tariff reductions but later negotiations included other areas such as anti-dumping and non-tariff measures. The 1986-94 round – the Uruguay Round – led to the WTO’s creation.

 When was the World Trade Organization founded?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

   In Science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.

   After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.

   Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves arc not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: "Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house."

   Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses. In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.

“Bricks” are mentioned in paragraph 3 to indicate how _______.

Read the following passage and Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions: 
The Winterthur Museum is a collection and a house. There are many museums devoted to the decorative arts and many house museums, but rarely in the United States is a great collection displayed in a great country house. Passing through successive generations of a single family, Winterthur has been a private estate for more than a century. Even after the extensive renovations made to it between 1929 and 1931, the house remained a family residence. This fact is of importance to the atmosphere and effect of the museum. The impression of a lived-in house is apparent to the visitor: the rooms look as if they were vacated only a short while ago whether by the original owners of the furniture or the most recent residents of the house can be a matter of personal interpretation. Winterthur remains, then, a house in which a collection of furniture and architectural elements has been assembled. Like an English country house, it is an organic structure; the house, as well as the collection and manner of displaying it to the visitor, has changed over the years. The changes have coincided with developing concepts of the American arts, increased knowledge on the part of collectors and students, and a progression toward the achievement of a historical effect in period-room displays. The rooms at Winterthur have followed this current, yet still retained the character of a private house.
The concept of a period room as a display technique has developed gradually over the years in an effort to present works of art in a context that would show them to greater effect and would give them more meaning for the viewer. Comparable to the habitat group in a natural history museum, the period room represents the decorative arts in a lively and interesting manner and provides an opportunity to assemble objects related by style, date, or place of manufacture.

What happened at Winterthur between 1929 and 1931?

1.Not so long ago almost any student who successfully completed a university degree or diploma course could find a good career quite easily. Companies toured the academic institutions, competing with each other to recruit graduates. However, those days are gone, even in Hong Kong, and nowadays graduates often face strong competition in the search for jobs.
    2.Most careers organizations highlight three stages for graduates to follow in the process of securing a suitable career: recognizing abilities, matching these to available vacancies and presenting them well to prospective employers.
    3.Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities. One area of assessment should be of their academic qualifications, which would include special skills within their subject area. Graduates should also consider their own personal values and attitudes, or the relative importance to themselves of such matters as money, security, leadership and caring for others. An honest assessment of personal interests and abilities such as creative or scientific skills, or skills acquired from work experience, should also be given careful thought.
    4.The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment and to think about how the general employment situation is likely to develop in the future. To do this, graduates can study job vacancies and information in newspapers or they can visit a careers office, write to possible employers for information or contact friends or relatives who may already be involved in a particular profession. After studying all the various options, they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers.
    5.Good personal presentation is essential in the search for a good career. Job application forms and letters should, of course, be filled in carefully and correctly, without grammar or spelling errors. Where additional information is asked for, job seekers should describe their abilities and work experience in more depth, with examples if possible. They should try to balance their own abilities with the employer's needs, explain why they are interested in a career with the particular company and try to show that they already know something about the company and its activities.
    6.When graduates are asked to attend for interview, they should prepare properly by finding out all they can about the prospective employer. Dressing suitably and arriving for the interview on time are also obviously important. Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they are unsure about. This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer.
    7.There will always be good career opportunities for people with ability, skills and determination; the secret to securing a good job is to be one of them

In paragraph 1, 'those days are gone, even in Hong Kong', suggests that _________.

Beads were probably the first durable ornaments humans possessed, and the intimate relationship they had with their owners is reflected in the fact that beads are among the most common items found in ancient archaeological sites. In the past, as today, men, women, and children adorned themselves with beads. In some cultures still, certain beads are often worn from birth until death, and then are buried with their owners for the afterlife. Abrasion due to daily wear alters the surface features of beads, and if they are buried for long, the effects of corrosion can further change their appearance. Thus, interest is imparted to the bead both by use and the effects of time. 
Besides their wearability, either as jewelry or incorporated into articles of attire, beads possess the desirable characteristics of every collectible, they are durable, portable, available in infinite variety, and often valuable in their original cultural context as well as in today's market. Pleasing to look at and touch, beads come in shapes, colors, and materials that almost compel one to handle them and to sort them. 
Beads are miniature bundles of secrets waiting to be revealed: their history, manufacture, cultural context, economic role, and ornamental use are all points of information one hopes to unravel. Even the most mundane beads may have traveled great distances and been exposed to many human experiences. The bead researcher must gather information from many diverse fields. In addition to having to be a generalist while specializing in what may seem to be a narrow field, the researcher is faced with the problem of primary materials that have little or no documentation. Many ancient beads that are of ethnographic interest have often been separated from their original cultural context. 
The special attractions of beads contribute to the uniqueness of bead research. While often regarded as the "small change of civilizations", beads are a part of every culture, and they can often be used to date archaeological sites and to designate the degree of mercantile, technological, and cultural sophistication.

The word "adorned" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to____________.

Choose the item among A, B, C or D that best answers the question about the passage:

"The United Nations (UN), international organization of countries created to promote world peace and cooperation. The UN was founded after World War II ended in 1945. Its mission is to maintain world peace, develop good relations between countries, promote cooperation in solving the world’s problems, and encourage respect for human rights.
 The UN is an organization of countries that agree to cooperate with one another. It brings together countries that are rich and poor, large and small, and have different social and political Systems. Member nations pledge to settle their disputes peacefully, to refrain from using force or the threat of force against other countries, and to refuse help to any country that opposes UN actions.
 UN membership is open to any country willing to further the UN mission and abide by its rules. Each country, no matter how large or small, has an equal voice and vote. Each country is also expected to pay dues to support the UN. As of 2004 the UN had 191 members, including nearly every country in the world.
 The UN’s influence in world affairs has fluctuated over the years, but the organization gained new prominence beginning in the 1990s. It was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001. Still, the UN faces constant challenges. It must continually secure the cooperation of its member nations because the organization has little independent power or authority. But getting that support is noi always easy. Many nations are reluctant to defer their own authority and follow the dictates of the UN."

3. The United Nation - has …...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:
AN UNWELCOME GUEST
Of the one in seven people in the UK who claim to have seen a ghost, the majority are women. This may be because women have far more association with the spirit world. Women trust their emotions and are generally better able than men to cope with the unexpected.
Housewife Fiona Blair describes herself as very practical and down-to-earth, and never believed in the idea that a house could be haunted. That all changed when she and her family moved into a manor house in the Midlands. Although the surveyor reckoned that the house required a lot of attention and was somewhat damp, they thought it was stunning. They could just afford it and it would be a good investment, so they took the plunge and decided to buy it.
Nonetheless, right from the start, Fiona had a strange sense that they were not alone in the house. One of her teenage daughters had left a towel over the back of a chair in the kitchen. Fiona was in the garden, and when she returned to the house, the towel was over the kitchen table like a tablecloth. On other occasions the family would find that objects such as glasses and vases had been turned upside-down.
This was only the start of the peculiar happenings. A particularly strange incident happened on Fiona's birthday. Fiona's husband, Mark, came home from work and went into the living room. He immediately came rushing out to ask who had bought her the beautiful flowers - but nobody had given Fiona flowers and her daughters had not put the flowers there. It remained a mystery how they had miraculously appeared.
Fiona was curious and decided to find out about the history of the house. What she discovered was rather alarming. Apparently a young girl, servant to a previous generation of owners, had been found dead in peculiar circumstances in the attic. Fiona and her family inevitably began to feel claustrophobic and trapped in the house, and eventually decided that they would have to move.
Unfortunately, things were not as simple as that. Each time they attempted to show the house to potential buyers, Fiona would of course ensure beforehand that everything was neat and tidy in order to make a good impression. But by the time anyone arrived, the entire house would be in a complete mess, and visitors complained of an unpleasant atmosphere. Eventually, after many months, an American couple viewed the house, and decided it had a certain attraction. For some reason, the ghost did not play its usual tricks, and Fiona was able to sell what had been her dream home.
Now living in a spacious modern apartment in London, Fiona wants to forget it all and move on with her life. 'At one point I thought I might be going out of my mind, it was all so frightening. We can almost laugh about it all now, but I hope we never experience anything like that again.

According to the passage, why did the writer and her husband want to move into the house in the Midlands?

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to answer these following questions:
The World Trade Organization came into being in 1995. One of the youngest of the international organizations, the WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in the wake of the Second World War. So while the WTO is relatively young, the multilateral trading system that was originally set up under the GATT is over 70 years old. 
The past 70 years have seen an exceptional growth in world trade. Merchandise exports have grown on average by 6% annually. This growth in trade has been a powerful engine for overall economic expansion and on average trade has grown by 1.5 times more than the global economy each year. Total exports in 2016 were 250 times the level of 1948. The GATT and the WTO have helped to create a strong and prosperous trading system contributing to unprecedented growth.
The system was developed through a series of trade negotiations, or rounds, held under the GATT. The first rounds dealt mainly with tariff reductions but later negotiations included other areas such as anti-dumping and non-tariff measures. The 1986-94 round – the Uruguay Round – led to the WTO’s creation.

How many times were the total exports in 2016 in comparison with 1948?

People used to know more or less how their children would live. Now things are changing so quickly that they don’t even know what their own lives will be like in a few years’ time. What follows is not science fiction. It is how experts see the future. You are daydreaming behind the steering wheel; is it too dangerous? No! That’s no problem because you have it on automatic pilot, and with its hi – tech computers and cameras, your car “know” how to get you home safe and sound. What is for lunch? In the old days you used to stop off to buy a hamburger or a pizza. Now you use your diagnostic machine to find out which foods your body needs. If your body needs more vegetables and less fat, your food – preparation machine makes you a salad.
 After lunch, you go down the hall to your home office. Here you have everything you need to do your work. Thanks to your information screen and your latest generation computer, you needn’t go to the office anymore. The information screen shows an urgent message from a co-worker in Brazil. You can instantly send back a reply to him and go on to deal with other matters.

The word “urgent” in the last paragraph probably means _____.

Read‌ ‌the‌ ‌following‌ ‌passage‌ ‌and‌ ‌mark‌ ‌the‌ ‌letter‌ ‌A,‌ ‌B,‌ ‌C‌ ‌or‌ ‌D‌ ‌on‌ ‌you‌ ‌answer‌ ‌sheet‌ ‌to‌ ‌indicate‌ ‌the‌ ‌correct‌ ‌answer‌ ‌to‌ ‌each‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌questions. ‌ ‌
 ‌‌The‌ ‌UK‌ ‌has‌ ‌a‌ ‌vast‌ ‌variety‌ ‌of‌ ‌higher‌ ‌education‌ ‌opportunities‌ ‌to‌ ‌offer‌ ‌students‌ ‌with‌ ‌over‌ ‌100 universities‌ ‌offering‌ ‌various‌ ‌degree‌ ‌programs‌ ‌for‌ ‌students‌ ‌from‌ ‌the‌ ‌UK‌ ‌and‌ ‌around‌ ‌the‌ ‌world.‌ ‌In‌ ‌the‌ ‌UK‌ ‌about‌ ‌one-third‌ ‌of‌ ‌all‌ ‌students‌ ‌go‌ ‌on‌ ‌to‌ ‌some‌ ‌form‌ ‌of‌ ‌higher‌ ‌education‌ ‌and‌ ‌this‌ ‌number‌ ‌is‌ ‌well‌ ‌over‌ ‌50%‌ ‌for‌ ‌students‌ ‌from‌ ‌Scotland.‌ ‌This‌ ‌makes‌ ‌competition‌ ‌for‌ ‌places‌ ‌very‌ ‌‌fierce‌‌ ‌‌and‌ ‌so‌ ‌it‌ ‌is‌ ‌advised‌ ‌to‌ ‌apply early‌ ‌for‌ ‌courses.  ‌ ‌
 In‌ ‌the‌ ‌UK‌ ‌most‌ ‌undergraduate‌ ‌degree‌ ‌programs‌ ‌take‌ ‌three‌ ‌years‌ ‌to‌ ‌finish;‌ ‌however,‌ ‌the‌ ‌"sandwich‌ ‌course"‌ ‌is‌ ‌increasing‌ ‌in‌ ‌popularity,‌ ‌‌which‌ ‌‌is‌ ‌four‌ ‌years‌ ‌and‌ ‌involves‌ ‌one‌ ‌year‌ ‌in‌ ‌the‌ ‌workplace‌ ‌(normally‌ ‌in‌ ‌your‌ ‌third‌ ‌year).‌ ‌In‌ ‌Scotland,‌ ‌the‌ ‌courses‌ ‌are‌ ‌four‌ ‌years‌ ‌in‌ ‌length‌ ‌for‌ ‌undergraduate programs.  ‌ ‌
 ‌For‌ ‌graduate‌ ‌or‌ ‌masters‌ ‌programs,‌ ‌they‌ ‌are‌ ‌generally‌ ‌shorter‌ ‌in‌ ‌length‌ ‌and‌ ‌undertaken‌ ‌after graduation‌ ‌of‌ ‌your‌ ‌undergraduate‌ ‌program.‌ ‌Some‌ ‌professional‌ ‌degrees‌ ‌like‌ ‌medicine,‌ ‌veterinary,‌ ‌law, etc.‌ ‌have‌ ‌longer‌ ‌programs‌ ‌that‌ ‌can‌ ‌be‌ ‌as‌ ‌much‌ ‌as‌ ‌five‌ ‌years.  ‌ ‌
From‌ ‌2007,‌ ‌universities‌ ‌in‌ ‌the‌ ‌UK‌ ‌are‌ ‌allowed‌ ‌to‌ ‌charge‌ ‌students‌ ‌from‌ ‌the‌ ‌UK‌ ‌up‌ ‌to‌ ‌£3,070‌ ‌per year‌ ‌(depending‌ ‌on‌ ‌the‌ ‌school‌ ‌and‌ ‌location).‌ ‌For‌ ‌students‌ ‌from‌ ‌the‌ ‌EU,‌ ‌you‌ ‌will‌ ‌also‌ ‌only‌ ‌have‌ ‌the‌ ‌pay the‌ ‌same‌ ‌fees‌ ‌as‌ ‌students‌ ‌from‌ ‌the‌ ‌UK,‌ ‌but‌ ‌international‌ ‌students‌ ‌from‌ ‌the‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌world‌ ‌will‌ ‌have‌ ‌to‌ ‌pay‌ ‌the‌ ‌full‌ ‌school‌ ‌fees‌ ‌which‌ ‌will‌ ‌vary‌ ‌depending‌ ‌on‌ ‌the‌ ‌school.‌ ‌These‌ ‌fees‌ ‌for‌ ‌international‌ ‌students‌ ‌can‌ ‌range‌ ‌anywhere‌ ‌from‌ ‌£4,000‌ ‌per‌ ‌year‌ ‌right‌ ‌up‌ ‌to‌ ‌£18,000‌ ‌per‌ ‌year‌ ‌or‌ ‌more.  ‌ ‌
Choosing‌ ‌the‌ ‌right‌ ‌school‌ ‌is‌ ‌dependent‌ ‌on‌ ‌a‌ ‌large‌ ‌number‌ ‌of‌ ‌factors‌ ‌such‌ ‌as:  ‌ ‌
•‌ ‌Location‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌school?  ‌ ‌
•‌ ‌How‌ ‌much‌ ‌it‌ ‌costs?  ‌ ‌
•‌ ‌Size‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌school?  ‌ ‌
•‌ ‌Access‌ ‌to‌ ‌home‌ ‌comforts?‌ ‌Place‌ ‌of‌ ‌worship,‌ ‌home‌ ‌foods?  ‌ ‌
•‌ ‌Courses‌ ‌available?  ‌ ‌

Question‌ ‌39.‌ ‌‌The‌ ‌word‌ ‌"fierce"‌ ‌in‌ ‌the‌ ‌first‌ ‌paragraph‌ ‌is‌ ‌closest‌ ‌in‌ ‌meaning‌ ‌to‌ ‌_________. ‌ ‌ ‌

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The past fifty years or so have seen the gradual disappearance of animals from this earth, fishes from the sea, trees and plants from the land.
Many factors result in this unpleasant phenomenon. Among them, hunting is the main factor that endangers wildlife. Some people kill wildlife for sport. They take pleasure in collecting heads and hides. Yet others specialize in commercial hunting like killing whales.

Apart from this, the rapidly growing human population threatens wildlife on land, too. Towns expand and roads have to be built, so forests are burnt and trees are chopped down. It seems that man needs every inch of land within his reach, so he moves on to the natural habitat of wildlife. Tigers, lions and leopards slowly die off without the food and shelter that the forests provide.

In addition, rapid urbanization means industrial expansion. Very often, poisonous chemicals, industrial wastes and oil are dumped into the rivers and seas. Fish and birds are threatened.

Many depend greatly on animals for survival. He needs their flesh, hides and furs. Thus, man cannot do without wildlife; or he himself would become extinct. The public should be made aware that it would be better to shoot the animals with a camera than with a gun. In this way, they can preserve and help wildlife to continue living rather than to move all signs of it.
 
Man must learn to farm the sea as he does the land. He should regulate the amount of frequency of his catch. He should allow fish to breed and multiply before netting them. A man also needs to build forest reserves, and to pass a law prohibiting the killing of animals, especially those that already rare. To retain the present animal kingdom, the least that man can do is to clean the seas and rivers to prevent pollution. The cycle of nature is such that it forms a vicious circle. The insecticides and pesticides that we spray on crops can kill the birds and animals that feed on them. When a man eats these poisoned animals, he himself can die. We must therefore test the chemicals to be used before they are sprayed or it might mean the death of man!

According to the passage, fishes are threatened by________.

Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim countries or regions (styled 'member economies') to discuss the regional economy, cooperation, trade and investment. The membership is claimed to account for approximately 41% of the world's population, approximately 56% of world GDP and about 49% of world trade. The activities, including year-round meetings of the members' ministers, are coordinated by the APEC Secretariat. The organization conducts the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting (AELM), an annual summit attended by the heads of government of all APEC members except Taiwan under the name Chinese Taipei, which is represented by a ministerial-level official due to China's insistence. The location of the summit rotates annually among the member economies, and a famous tradition involves the attending leaders dressing in a national costume of the host member. The first APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting occurred in 1993 when US president Bill Clinton,' after discussions with Australian prime minister Paul Keating, invited the heads of government from member economies to a summit on Blake Island. He believed it would help bring the stalled Uruguay Round of trade talks on track. At the summit, some leaders called for continued reduction of barriers to trade and investment, envisioning a community in the Asia-Pacific region that might promote prosperity, through cooperation. The APEC Secretariat, based in Singapore, was established to coordinate the activities of the organization. In the summit of 1994 in Bogor, APEC adopted the Bogor Goals that aimed to reduce trade tariffs to below five percent in the Asia-Pacific region, by 2010 for industrialized economies and by 2020 for developing economies. In 1995, APEC established a business advisory body named the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC), comprised of three business executives from each member economy.

The word 'tariffs' in paragraph 4 means ........................

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
Beatrix Potter was a story writer whose books about animals have been translated into many languages and read by both children and adults. (31)_________being an author, she was also regarded as a very successful farmer. Born in London in 1866, Beatrix was (32)_________for at home by various servants. Every year she (33)_________the days to her annual holiday in the countryside. She would take to her London home small animals which she (34)_________and drew. As she grew up, she entertained other children with drawings and stories about these animals. In 1901, she printed a book at her own (35)_________called 'The Tale of Peter Rabbit'. So many copies were sold that she bought a farm, where over the next eight years she wrote many other stories. They all sold very well and readers liked their detailed color drawings.
(34).......................

Read the following passage and Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions: 
The biologist’s role in society as well as his moral and ethical responsibility in the discovery and development of new ideas has led to a reassessment of his social and scientific value systems. A scientist can no longer ignore the consequences of his discoveries; he is as concerned with the possible misuses of his findings as he is with the basic research in which he is involved. This emerging social and political role of the biologist and all other scientists requires a weighing of values that cannot be done with the accuracy or the objectivity of a laboratory balance. As a member of society, it is necessary for a biologist now to redefine his social obligations and his functions, particularly in the realm of making judgments about such ethical problems as man's control of his environment or his manipulation of genes to direct further evolutionary development.
As a result of recent discoveries concerning hereditary mechanisms, genetic engineering, by which human traits are made to order, may soon be a reality. As desirable as it may seem to be, such an accomplishment would entail many value judgments. Who would decide, for example, which traits should be selected for change? In cases of genetic deficiencies and disease, the desirability of the change is obvious, but the possibilities for social misuse are so numerous that they may far outweigh the benefits.
Probably the greatest biological problem of the future, as it is of the present, will be to find ways to curb environmental pollution without interfering with man's constant effort to improve the quality of his life.

 The pronoun "it" in paragraph 2 refers to________.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each blank.

Under the global "health for all" strategy, WHO (the World Health Organization) and its members have placed special emphasis (26) ________ the developing countries. Nevertheless, the benefits of WHO's international health work are benefited by all countries, including the most developed ones. For example, all nations have benefited from their contributions to the WHO programs that led to the global (27) ________ of smallpox and to better and cheaper ways of controlling tuberculosis. (28) ________ is a key word in WHO's programs. The organization believes that immunization, (29) ________ prevents the six major diseases of childhood -diphtheria, measles, poliomyelitis, tetanus, tuberculosis, and whooping cough, should be (30) ________ to all children who need it. WHO is leading a worldwide campaign to provide effective immunization for all children in (31) ________ with UNICEF. Provision of safe drinking water for all is one of the objectives of the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in 1980 and (32) ________ by WHO. WHO is also active in international efforts to combat the diarrheal diseases, killers of infants and young children. The widespread introduction of oral rehydration salts, together with improved drinking water supply and sanitation will greatly reduce childhood mortality from diarrhea.

WHO's program for primary health (33) ________ comprises eight essential elements: education concerning prevalent health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them; promotion of food supply and proper nutrition; maintenance of (34) ________ adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation; provision of maternal and child health care, including family planning; immunization against the major (35) ________ diseases; prevention and control of locally endemic diseases; appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries; and provision of essential drugs. These eight elements were defined in the Declaration of Alma-Ata, which emerged from the International Conference, on Primary Health Care in 1978.

(27) ________

Read‌ ‌the‌ ‌following‌ ‌passage‌ ‌and‌ ‌mark‌ ‌the‌ ‌letter‌ ‌A,‌ ‌B,‌ ‌C‌ ‌or‌ ‌D‌ ‌on‌ ‌you‌ ‌answer‌ ‌sheet‌ ‌to‌ ‌indicate‌ ‌the‌ ‌correct‌ ‌answer‌ ‌to‌ ‌each‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌questions. ‌ ‌
 ‌‌The‌ ‌UK‌ ‌has‌ ‌a‌ ‌vast‌ ‌variety‌ ‌of‌ ‌higher‌ ‌education‌ ‌opportunities‌ ‌to‌ ‌offer‌ ‌students‌ ‌with‌ ‌over‌ ‌100 universities‌ ‌offering‌ ‌various‌ ‌degree‌ ‌programs‌ ‌for‌ ‌students‌ ‌from‌ ‌the‌ ‌UK‌ ‌and‌ ‌around‌ ‌the‌ ‌world.‌ ‌In‌ ‌the‌ ‌UK‌ ‌about‌ ‌one-third‌ ‌of‌ ‌all‌ ‌students‌ ‌go‌ ‌on‌ ‌to‌ ‌some‌ ‌form‌ ‌of‌ ‌higher‌ ‌education‌ ‌and‌ ‌this‌ ‌number‌ ‌is‌ ‌well‌ ‌over‌ ‌50%‌ ‌for‌ ‌students‌ ‌from‌ ‌Scotland.‌ ‌This‌ ‌makes‌ ‌competition‌ ‌for‌ ‌places‌ ‌very‌ ‌‌fierce‌‌ ‌‌and‌ ‌so‌ ‌it‌ ‌is‌ ‌advised‌ ‌to‌ ‌apply early‌ ‌for‌ ‌courses.  ‌ ‌
 In‌ ‌the‌ ‌UK‌ ‌most‌ ‌undergraduate‌ ‌degree‌ ‌programs‌ ‌take‌ ‌three‌ ‌years‌ ‌to‌ ‌finish;‌ ‌however,‌ ‌the‌ ‌"sandwich‌ ‌course"‌ ‌is‌ ‌increasing‌ ‌in‌ ‌popularity,‌ ‌‌which‌ ‌‌is‌ ‌four‌ ‌years‌ ‌and‌ ‌involves‌ ‌one‌ ‌year‌ ‌in‌ ‌the‌ ‌workplace‌ ‌(normally‌ ‌in‌ ‌your‌ ‌third‌ ‌year).‌ ‌In‌ ‌Scotland,‌ ‌the‌ ‌courses‌ ‌are‌ ‌four‌ ‌years‌ ‌in‌ ‌length‌ ‌for‌ ‌undergraduate programs.  ‌ ‌
 ‌For‌ ‌graduate‌ ‌or‌ ‌masters‌ ‌programs,‌ ‌they‌ ‌are‌ ‌generally‌ ‌shorter‌ ‌in‌ ‌length‌ ‌and‌ ‌undertaken‌ ‌after graduation‌ ‌of‌ ‌your‌ ‌undergraduate‌ ‌program.‌ ‌Some‌ ‌professional‌ ‌degrees‌ ‌like‌ ‌medicine,‌ ‌veterinary,‌ ‌law, etc.‌ ‌have‌ ‌longer‌ ‌programs‌ ‌that‌ ‌can‌ ‌be‌ ‌as‌ ‌much‌ ‌as‌ ‌five‌ ‌years.  ‌ ‌
From‌ ‌2007,‌ ‌universities‌ ‌in‌ ‌the‌ ‌UK‌ ‌are‌ ‌allowed‌ ‌to‌ ‌charge‌ ‌students‌ ‌from‌ ‌the‌ ‌UK‌ ‌up‌ ‌to‌ ‌£3,070‌ ‌per year‌ ‌(depending‌ ‌on‌ ‌the‌ ‌school‌ ‌and‌ ‌location).‌ ‌For‌ ‌students‌ ‌from‌ ‌the‌ ‌EU,‌ ‌you‌ ‌will‌ ‌also‌ ‌only‌ ‌have‌ ‌the‌ ‌pay the‌ ‌same‌ ‌fees‌ ‌as‌ ‌students‌ ‌from‌ ‌the‌ ‌UK,‌ ‌but‌ ‌international‌ ‌students‌ ‌from‌ ‌the‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌world‌ ‌will‌ ‌have‌ ‌to‌ ‌pay‌ ‌the‌ ‌full‌ ‌school‌ ‌fees‌ ‌which‌ ‌will‌ ‌vary‌ ‌depending‌ ‌on‌ ‌the‌ ‌school.‌ ‌These‌ ‌fees‌ ‌for‌ ‌international‌ ‌students‌ ‌can‌ ‌range‌ ‌anywhere‌ ‌from‌ ‌£4,000‌ ‌per‌ ‌year‌ ‌right‌ ‌up‌ ‌to‌ ‌£18,000‌ ‌per‌ ‌year‌ ‌or‌ ‌more.  ‌ ‌
Choosing‌ ‌the‌ ‌right‌ ‌school‌ ‌is‌ ‌dependent‌ ‌on‌ ‌a‌ ‌large‌ ‌number‌ ‌of‌ ‌factors‌ ‌such‌ ‌as:  ‌ ‌
•‌ ‌Location‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌school?  ‌ ‌
•‌ ‌How‌ ‌much‌ ‌it‌ ‌costs?  ‌ ‌
•‌ ‌Size‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌school?  ‌ ‌
•‌ ‌Access‌ ‌to‌ ‌home‌ ‌comforts?‌ ‌Place‌ ‌of‌ ‌worship,‌ ‌home‌ ‌foods?  ‌ ‌
•‌ ‌Courses‌ ‌available?  ‌ ‌

Which‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌following‌ ‌is‌ ‌TRUE‌ ‌according‌ ‌to‌ ‌the‌ ‌passage?

Choose the best answers the question.
UNICEF is the driving force that helps build a world where the rights of every child are realized. We have the global authority to influence decision-makers, and the variety of partners at grassroots level to turn the most innovative ideas into reality. That makes us unique among world organizations, and unique among those working with the young. 
We believe that nurturing and caring for children are the cornerstones of human progress. UNICEF was created with this purpose in mind – to work with others to overcome the obstacles that poverty, violence, disease and discrimination place in a child’s path. We believe that we can, together, advance the cause of humanity. 
We advocate for measures to give children the best start in life, because proper care at the youngest age forms the strongest foundation for a person’s future.
We promote girls’ education – ensuring that they complete primary education as a minimum – because it benefits all children, both girls and boys. Girls who are educated grow up to become better thinkers, better citizens, and better parents to their own children.
We act so that all children are immunized against common childhood diseases, and are well nourished, because it is wrong for a child to suffer or die from a preventable illness.
We work to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS among young people because it is right to keep them from harm and enable them to protect others. We help children and families affected by HIV/AIDS to live their lives with dignity.
We involve everyone in creating protective environments for children. We are present to relieve suffering during emergencies, and wherever children are threatened, because no child should be exposed to violence, abuse or exploitation.
UNICEF upholds the Convention on the Rights of the Child. We work to assure equality for those who are discriminated against, girls and women in particular. We work for the Millennium Development Goals and for the progress promised in the United Nations CharterWe strive for peace and security. We work to hold everyone accountable to the promises made for children.
We are part of the Global Movement for Children – a broad coalition dedicated to improving the life of every child. Through this movement, and events such as the United Nations Special Session on Children, we encourage young people to speak out and participate in the decisions that affect their lives. 
We work in 190 countries through country programmes and National Committees. We are UNICEF, the United Nations Children’s Fund.

The word unique paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

When we moved to our new house near the sea, I was eight years old. Even before that I had spent every summer messing about on boats. My dad had taught me to sail before I learnt to ride a bike so I knew how I wanted to spend my time at the new house- I was going to get my own boat and sail it everyday. The house was only a few meters from the water's edge, and in rough weather the waves would come crashing into the front garden. I used to sit with my nose pressed to the glass, fascinated by the power of the ocean. I grew up watching the skies to see if it was going to rain; would I be going sailing that afternoon or not?
Of course I sometimes wished I could live in the town like my friends. I used to get angry with my parents, who had taken early retirement because they seemed incapable of getting anywhere on time. Dad drove me the eight miles to school everyday, but I was often late because he had been walking on the cliffs earlier in the morning and had lost track of time. When I was taking my university entrance exams, I used to stay over at a friend's in town, just in case. All in all, I was lucky to grow up by the sea and I still love to sail.

According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT___________.

Reading the following passage and mark the letter on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blank from 34 to 38 
Father's Day was created to complement Mother's Day. Like Mother's Day (34) ______ honors mothers and motherhood, Father's Day celebrates fatherhood and paternal bonds; it highlights the (35)_______ of fathers in society. Many countries celebrate it on the third Sunday of June, but it is also celebrated widely on other days. Historically, Sonora Smart Dodd was the woman behind the celebration of male parenting. Her father, the Civil War veteran William Jackson Smart, was a single parent who (36) _______ his six children there. After hearing a sermon about Jarvis' Mother's Day in 1909, she told her pastor that fathers should have a similar holiday honoring them. Although she initially suggested June 5, her father's birthday, the pastors did not have enough time to prepare their sermons, and the celebration was deferred to the third Sunday of June. The first celebration was in Spokane. Washington at the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) on June 19,1910. Since then it has become a traditional day (37) ________ year. 
In recognition of what fathers do for their families, on this day people may have a party celebrating male parenting or simply make a phone call or send a greeting card. (38) _________, schools help children prepare handmade gifts for their fathers many days before the celebration. 

Question 36: .....................

Read the following text and circle the best answer among A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet for the questions from 44 to 50 
HISTORY LESSONS
“History is the version of past events that people have decided to agree upon"
Naponeon Bonapart 
Think of three historical figures. What do you know about them? Where did you get your information from? The chances are that you either read it somewhere or someone who read it somewhere told you about it. Did you ever think about who wrote down these facts? How can you be sure that they are true? The thing is, many historical “truths” are historical myths. 
Let's take some examples. In America, 4th July is Independence Day, the most important day in the American Calendar, which Americans celebrate with parades and fireworks. It was on 4th July, 1776 that Congress approved the Declaration of Independence. It was a good start. However, the struggle continued for another seven years after this, with some of the most brutal fighting in the whole war, as King George III was not willing to grant America total Independence, which was the only arrangement that the American leaders would accept. So the fighting continued. The first draft on a Treaty of Peace was signed in November 1782 and in February 1783 the King officially announced that the war would soon be over. This led to the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 3rd September that same year. 
Think about the discovery of America. What's the first name that comes to mind? More than likely it's Christopher Colombus.Was America really discovered by him? He had set out to reach Asia and that's where he thought he was when he came to America. But there were many people there before him. The first ones were certainly the Native Americans, thousands years before 1492. Where had they come from? Even the Vikings had made a number of expeditions, with Leif Eriksson landing there in around 1000 A.D. Perhaps Amerigo Vespucci was the discover of America. After all, unlike Columbus before him, he was the first fifteen - century explorer to realise where has was, or rather, where he definitely wasn't. so, maybe the word “re-discover” is more accurate when it comes to Columbus, if history is to give him any credit at all. 
Everyone believes such historical "facts” because, like you, they got them from what they thought was a reliable source. But how can such things be written down in the first place? One of the reasons must be that history is seldom “cut - and - dried”. The events are often complicated and messy. The achieving of American independence was a lengthy affair. Presumably 4th July was chosen as the date to celebrate because it was seen as more significant than the date of the actual end of the war. Another reason is that such myths always contain a grain of truth. Columbus was not the first person to travel to America, but he was the first fifteenth-century explorer to go there. His “re-discovery” was, from a historical point of view, extremely significant for Europe since his voyages opened up large-scale commerce between Europe and America. 
History has traditionally been written by the winners. If the conquered indigenous peoples had written the history of the discovery of the New World, it would most probably have been very different, but not necessarily objective: the point of view of the conquered can be just as biased as the point of view of the conqueror. But that is not the whole story. The writing of history depends not only on the "side” the writer is on, but also on the culture and attitudes of the era it is written in. 
History is always subjective. So, remember: when you read history, take it with a pinch of salt. 

Columbus is credited with the discovery of America because _________.