In Britain, the average young person now spends more money on games each year than on going to the cinema or renting videos. But is this (i) _______ a bad thing? For years, newspaper reports have been saying that children who spend too much lime playing computer games become unsociable, bad- tempered, even violent as a result. But new researeh, (ii) _______ out in both Europe and the USA, suggests that the opposite may be true. Indeed, playing some of the more complicated games may help people of all ages to improve certain skills. Researehers claim that this is because the games make the brain work harder in certain ways, like (iii) _______ sounds and movements quickly and identifying what they are. The fact that people play the games repeatedly means that they get a lot of practice in these skills which are therefore likely to become highly developed. Social skills may benefit, too. Researehers in Chicago think that fans of first- person shooter games (iv) _______ . “Counterstrike” are better than non­ players when it comes to building trust and co-operation, and that this helps them to make good friendships and become strong members of their communities. So rather than (v) _______ up computer games, perhaps young people need to spend more lime on them?

(i)______

All sorts of people need to know what the weather is going to do. They do not all want to know the same information for the same period of time, however. For someone (i) _____ a small boat across the lake, wind or rain on that day will matter whereas a farmer might be more interested in the chances of rain over the next six months. The one thing they (ii) _____  need, however, is totally dependable information. And it is for this reason that forecasting is a very big international business. Today, because the accuracy of forecast is important to so many people, weather satellites cross from pole to pole every hour and a quarter, reporting back to earth from fifty miles up, although of course, it hasn’t always been so easy. Ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle started weather forecasting by trying to (iii) _____ logically what was happening in the sky above them. They weren’t always right, but they understood the importance of systematic observation. But forecasting remained limited so long as people only knew what was happening in their own section of sky. It was the arrival of the electric telegraph in the 1830s that (iv) _____ forecasters to get a wider picture of the weather that was on its way. This information could then be (v) _____ on to those in its path while it was still of use.

(ii)_______

I would rather that I ...... him to my birthday party yesterday.

There are many conservation efforts have been carried _______ to save endangered species 

Tom always _____ breakfast before going to work.

I have left my book in _________ kitchen and I would like you to get it for me. 

Stress is our body’s reaction to events or conditions that we cannot easily manage or control. When we are troubled by something, we usually experience some types of stress. There are thousand conditions that (i) _______ us to become tense. These may be major and horrible lighting for our lives in a war, being imprisoned or facing death. On the other hand, minor (ii) _______ in our daily lives cause stress as well: waiting in lines, taking a quiz, or asking for or accepting a date. Although we usually think of stress as something caused by unpleasant events, pleasant happenings also bring stress. As a new researeh is done on the effects of stress, new techniques are developed to help (iii) _______ with anxiety. One aid is to plan for situations that wc know will be stressful. Some imagine the event before it happens, thus preparing their minds and bodies for the tension. Others pretend they are on a pleasant beach (iv) _______ in the sunshine; soon their bodies relax and tension melts away. Other people believe strenuous exercise helps the body handle the problems of daily life. It matters very little which method we use to relax; what docs matter is finding the time to temporarily reduce the (v) _______ of modem life on our brain and body.

(iii)________

The tomatoes are 99 pence _____kilo. 

Stress is our body’s reaction to events or conditions that we cannot easily manage or control. When we are troubled by something, we usually experience some types of stress. There are thousand conditions that (i) _______ us to become tense. These may be major and horrible lighting for our lives in a war, being imprisoned or facing death. On the other hand, minor (ii) _______ in our daily lives cause stress as well: waiting in lines, taking a quiz, or asking for or accepting a date. Although we usually think of stress as something caused by unpleasant events, pleasant happenings also bring stress. As a new researeh is done on the effects of stress, new techniques are developed to help (iii) _______ with anxiety. One aid is to plan for situations that wc know will be stressful. Some imagine the event before it happens, thus preparing their minds and bodies for the tension. Others pretend they are on a pleasant beach (iv) _______ in the sunshine; soon their bodies relax and tension melts away. Other people believe strenuous exercise helps the body handle the problems of daily life. It matters very little which method we use to relax; what docs matter is finding the time to temporarily reduce the (v) _______ of modem life on our brain and body.

(ii)________

There’s extensive historical evidence that our ancestors may have witnessed a massive invasion of Unidentified Flying Objects encroaching on their territories. These extraterrestrials are (i) _______ to have come into touch with the ancient earthly populations and helped them erect numerous magnificent structures or even establish glamorous empires. However, the present – day fascination with UFO was only instigated by the first widely (ii) _______ American sighting in Idaho in 1947. Since that time, countless other close encounters have been reported both by highly credible witnesses such as top – class pilots and less credible ones such as ordinary civilians. Thousands of people around the world maintain having come (iii) _______ to the visitors from outer space or to have been abducted for a scientific study inside their flying saucers. Although most of theseaccounts have been dismissed as fantasy or hallucinations, there’s (iv) _______ criticism from the public and media for ignoring the subject for too long. To many people, rejecting even the most inexplicable sightings or UFO encounters as luminous artificial objects, natural phenomena like auroras or even as meteorological balloons and satellites seems to be an irresponsible approach. Most of us would prefer to believe that there extraterrestrial guests are arriving from some remote galaxies to establish a peaceful relationship and possibly give us a fair warning against the consequences of our wasteful lifestyles. Yet, there’s another theory (v) _______ that the visitors’ attitude towards mankind isn’t so conciliatoryas the terrestrial populations. Doubtless, flying saucers still continue to be observed in many places of the world, triggering the imagination of UFO – maniacs. But, a large percentage of such sightings will remain beyond explanation until more convincing evidence is supplied by the true experts.

(iii)______-

 _____ European expert was invited to speak to the committee. 

Albany is the capital of _________ New York state.

The Thames Barrier is a major part of the flood defence scheme for protecting London (i) _______ rising water levels. The defenses also include raised river embankments and additional flood gates at strategic points, including the Barking Barrier. The unique structure that is the Barrier spans the 520- melre wide Woolwich reach and consists of 10 separate movable gates, each pivoting and supporting between concrete structures which house the operating machinery. When raising, the four main gates (ii) _______stand as high as a five-storey building and as wide as the opening of Tower Bridge. Each weighs 3700 tones. During the first twelve years of (iii) _______, the Barrier has been closed twenty nine times to protect London. You can (iv) _______ the Barrier from the comfortable Cafeteria, picnic on the riverside embankment. Enjoy beautiful views from the riverside walk. Visit the shop which stocks a large selection of souvenirs, books and Barrier information. There is a children’s play area suitable for 4- to 12- year olds, located adjacent to the riverside walk. A visit to the spectacular Thames Barrier is a (v) _______experience.

(ii)______

Can you imagine what life would be like if there were no telephone? You could not call up your friends on the phone and talk to them. If fire (i) _______   out in your house you could not call the fire department. If somebody was sick, you could not call a doctor. In our daily life, we need to (ii) _______ with one another. We need do this mostly by speaking to other people and listening to what they have to say to us, and when you are close (iii) _______ them you can do this very easily. However, our voices will not travel very far even when we shout. The man who made this possible was Alexander Graham Bell, a Scotsman, bom in Edinburgh in 1847. Bell, a teacher of visible speech who later moved to Canada, (iv) _______ all his spare time experimenting. So enthusiastic was he in his researeh for a means of sending speech by electricity that he left much time for his day – to – day work and at one lime was (v) _______ penniless.

(ii)______-

It is difficult to imagine a world without tomatoes. High in the Andes mountain of modern-day Peru, the local inhabitants have ben cultivating and eating tomatoes since prehistoric times, but the food has only become (i) _____ in the rest of the world relatively recently. These days, the bright red fruit plays an important role in the cooking of many cultures and is key ingredient in many types of fast food, (ii) _____ both taste and colour to dishes that otherwise would be rather ordinary. The tomato belongs to the nightshade family of plants, many members of which are poisonous. When they were first imported into North America, therefore, tomatoes were viewed with (iii) _____ and people tended to use them as table decorations rather than as food. In Europe, the tomato was first grown in Italy in 1555, although it wasn’t combined with pasta until much later. The first recipe for tomato ketchup dated from 1727 and in the 1800s, tomatoes began to be used more (iv) _____ in sauces and soups. These days, as well as tasting good, tomatoes are known to contain substances which are good lor our heath. Nutritionists (v) _____ out, however, that many processed tomato products also contain additives such as salt and sugar which can reduce the beneficial effects of the fruit.

(v)_______

They should………………with these silly regulations. 

Dad turned on _____ radio to listen to _____ news. A. a/a B. a/the C. the/the D. the / a 

Japan is no longer an Empire. When it lost all of its colonics, it also (i) ______ Korea and Dokdo Island. Dokdo Island has always been Korean territory and part of its country. Japan only wants to rebuild its Empire by sending its ships there. On the other hand, Japan says that it only wants to check (ii) ______ for more fish. There are many South Korean fishing boats in the area and Japanese fishermen have no place to do their own fishing. However, Japan has similar problems with two (iii) ______ neighbors, China and Russia, over two other islands, Senkaku/ Diaoyu and North Territories/ Kurils.

Liancourt Rocks may (iv) ______ an unimportant matter, but it is not. If Japan gives up its right to it, it has a good chance of losing its right to other islands as well. Japan has demanded the USA to act as a judge in this argument, but South Korea refuses to (v) ______ another country decide over its own land.

(iii)______

The weather across much of the British Isles remained settled last week with a good deal of sunshine. On Saturday, the lunchtime temperature at Bridlington on the north-cast (i) _______  of England was 28.2 c, which compared favorably with Alicante in southern Spain at 229 C. the rest of the world, however, was coping with some (ii) _______ conditions. A tropical storm, given the name Helen, hit Hong Kong on Saturday morning, though her presence had been felt in advance. From noon on Friday, the showers and (iii)  _______ of rain became more and more frequent so that by midnight on Sunday, thirty – six hours later, there had been 333 mm of rainfall, not far off the average for the month of August, at 367 mm. Even on Sunday there was a sting in Helen’s tail. The town centre of Shanwci, near Hong Kong, was (iv) _______ when 468 mm of rain fell in the sixty hours leading up to midday on Sunday, nearly twice the normal August rainfall. On the other side of the globe, tropical storm Gabrielle moved across the Gulf of Mexico and overnight rain exceeded the usual rainfall for the whole month. Although most of Europe enjoyed sun, the high temperatures were sufficient to set off some (v) __showers. On Tuesday morning, a thunderstorm at Lyons in eastern France deposited 99 mm of rain in just six hours.

(i)_______

Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions. " The mother told her daughter ____ too much fast food"

Some years ago, when I was working as an astronomer at the Greenwich Observatory in London I received a letter from an elderly lady living nearby who said: “When I was a girl we could sec so I many stars, but they’re not there anymore. Have they faded?” Walking down the hill on which the observatory stands, I (i) _____ the truth of what she said. Beneath me were all the lights of London and above me was the orange glow they send up into the night sky. But I could (ii)  _____ see any stars. If light pollution – as this effect is known – continues to increase at its present rate, our grandchildren will only get the chance to see the stars if they visit an observatory like the one in Greenwich. Light pollution is almost (iii) _____ for granted in most cities, and it is fast spreading into rural areas too. (iv) _____ recent research, almost half of all Europeans and two-thirds of North Americans can no longer see the milky Way. And this type of pollution doesn’t only destroy our view of the night sky. It also wastes money and causes environmental pollution. For example, a single light bulb, (v) _____ all year, releases around a quarter of a tone of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, making global warming even worse.

(v)_______