For questions 56 – 60, choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
Dr. Jonas Salk is credited with developing the first vaccine to fight against dreaded polio. Born in New York in 1914, Salk received his medical degree from New York University College of Medicine in 1939 and later attended the School of Public Health at the University of Michigan.

Salk was very interested in preventive medicine. He worked for the army on producing a vaccine against influenza for five years from 1942 to 1947. In 1949, a group at Harvard University led by John Enders developed a method to grow the poliovirus in quantity so that it could be studied further. This discovery was important as it allowed Salk and his fellow workers to study the disease in greater detail.

By 1952, Salk’s group had successfully tested a polio vaccine using an inactive poliovirus. In 1954, there were field tests done on a large scale. Initially, there were many different vaccines being used among the public, and there were some deaths associated with the vaccinations. However, Salk’s vaccine proved to be the best and was used without further problems. What was once a dreaded killer had been tamed by the work of Dr. Jonas Salk and co-workers.

What was one of Dr. Salk’s main interests?

Complete the passage with the words provided:
I was raised on a farm in a remote village in the 1950s. The winter months were endless and everything was covered in snow. I was always (1) ­­­­­________ for the warmer weather to come. When spring arrived, everything came alive- flowers would bloom and the animals would come out of hibernation. I would follow the bear tracks and search for them. Once, however, I (2) ­­­­­________ an angry mother bear who saw me (3) ­­­­­________ a threat. (4) ­­­­­________ the sight of the bear, I did what my father had told me. I stood still until she stopped growling and walked away. The trick was effective, but looking back now, I realized that the situation was (5) ­­­­­________ more serious than I thought at the time. By the age of twelve, I had lots of camping (6) ­­­­­________, as I used to go camping with my dog on my school holidays. We would spend days (7) ­­­­­________ the forest, catching fish for dinner, (8) ­­­­­________ at the frogs and the (9) ­­­­­________ of birds and the insects hopping up and down on the surface of the water. Of course, this was possible only during the warm months. When the autumn came, everything went quiet, which was quite usual in those parts. It wasn’t long before the animals disappeared, the birds (10 ) ­­­­­________ south and the snow took over. The place became deserted once again

Find mistakes among A B CD and correct

George Washington, his portrait appears on the quarter coin and the dollar bill, served two terms as president.

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Throughout history people have always communicated with one another, not only by speech but also by movements of the hands and body. It is, however, only (1) ______ the last few years that these aspects of communication have been studied at all widely. This type of communication is known as body language or non-verbal communication. People sometimes wonder (2) ______ you can learn how body language works. It is of course possible to read books on the subject but you also need to (3) ______ time observing people’s movements. A railway station is a particular good place for such observation, as here people can be seen openly expressing eagerness, sorrow, delight, impatience and many other human emotions by (4) _____ of movement. If you turn down the sound on your television set and try to understand (5) _____ is happening simply by watching the picture you will learn even more about communication (6) _____ words. By turning the sound back up every five (7) ______ or so, it is possible to check how accurate your (8) ______ is. Having studied the art of body language you will have a definite (9) ______ at a boring party. You will be able to sit on your own for the whole evening and thoroughly enjoy yourself by both watching (10) ______ interpreting the body language of all the other people there

Find mistakes among A B C and D and correct

If dinosaurs would have continued roaming the earth, man would have evolved quite differently

Complete the passage with the words provided:
Speech is one of the most important (1) ---------  of communicating .It consists of far more than just making  noises . To talk and also (2) --------- to by other people, we have to speak a language ,that is, we have to use combinations of (3) ------------ that  everyone agrees  to  stand for a  particular object  or idea.  Communication would  be impossible if everyone made up their own language.  Learning a language properly is  very (4) ------------  . The basic (5)--------- of English is not very large, and not only about 2,000 words are needed to speak it quite (6) -----------  .But the more idea you can (7)--------    the more precise you can be about  their exact  meaning. Words are the (8)-------- thing we use in communicating what we want to say. The way we(9)-------------  the words is also very important. Our tone of voice can express many emotions and (10)----------  whether we are  pleased or angry, for instance

Complete the passage with the words provided:
TRAFFIC LIGHTS
The first traffic signal was invented by a railway signaling engineer. It was installed (1) ___ the Houses of Parliament in 1868. It (2)_____ like any railway signal of the time, and was operated by gas.  (3) ____, it exploded and killed a policeman, and the accident discouraged further development until cars became common. (4) ____ traffic lights are an American invention. Red – green systems were installed in Cleveland in 1914. Three - color signals, operated (5) _____ hanz d from a tower in the (6) _____ of the street, were installed in New York in 1918. The first lights of this type to (7) ____ in Britain were in London, on the junction between St. James’s Street and Piccadilly, in 1925. Automatic signals were installed (8) ____ year later. In the past, traffic lights were special. In New York, some lights had a statue on top. In Los Angeles the lights did not just change silently, but would ring bells to (9) _____ the sleeping motorists of the 1930s. These are gone and have been (10) ____ by standard models which are universally adopted.

Find mistakes among A B C and D and correct

Agronomists study crop disease, selective as breeding, crop rotation, and climatic factors, as well soil content and erosion.

Complete the passage with the words provided:
Most Americans eat three meals (1) ______ the day: breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Breakfast begins between 7:00 and 8:00am, lunch between 11:00 am and noon, and dinner between 6:00 and 8:00 pm. On Sundays "brunch" is a (2) ______ of breakfast and lunch, typically beginning at 11:00 am. Students often enjoy a "study break" or evening snack around 10:00 or 11:00 pm. Breakfast and lunch tend to be light meals, with only one (3) ______. Dinner is the main meal. (4) ______ breakfast Americans will eat cereal with milk which are often mixed (5) ______ in a bowl, a glass of orange juice, and toasted bread or muffin with jam, butter, or margarine. Another common breakfast meal is scrambled eggs or (6) ______ omelet with potatoes and breakfast meat (bacon or sausage). People who are on (7) ______ eat just a cup of yogurt. Lunch and dinner are more (8) ______. When eating at a formal dinner, you may be overwhelmed by the number of utensils. How do you (9) ______ the difference between a salad fork, a butter fork, and a dessert fork? Most Americans do not know the answer (10) ______ But knowing which fork or spoon to use first is simple: use the outermost utensils first and the utensils closest to the plate last.

Complete the passage with the words provided:
A NIGHTMARE OF NOISE
According to a recent TV program, noise pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Background noise such as (1)_____, police sirens and aeroplanes is growing year by year, and complaints to the police are becoming more and more (2)_____. However, for people like Mary Norman, who lives close to London Heathrow airport, the situation is particularly bad. “It’s becoming very difficult to (3)_____ a normal family life,’ she told an interviewer, ‘because the planes start first thing in the morning. They make a terrible noise, as you can imagine, and it (4)_____ on all day long. Of course I have complained about it but nobody takes any notice. I’m fed (5)_____ with living here, but unfortunately I can’t afford to move.” Researchers believe that the problem is getting worse. They have found that people who are exposed to high levels of noise become (6)_____ aggressive. Take the case of Henry Wilson, who was (7)_____ mad by a neighbor who insisted on playing his music at full volume. One night, he finally lost his (8)_____. After being forced to listen to heavy metal songs for hours, he burst into his neighbor’s house, poured petrol all over the carpets and (9)_____ to set fire to the place. When he finally appeared in court, the judge was surprisingly understanding. He (10)_____ to send him to jail, saying that he had suffered enough

For questions 66 – 70, choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

Although party invitations no longer frightened me, I still found myself making careful preparations for this particular party. I got a haircut, laid out my best suit, selected a special, tie, and cuff links. I had recently gone on a diet, but because I didn’t want to look too thin. I discontinued it. What should I bring my hosts? Flowers? What kind of wine? Sherry? Or possibly even champagne? Meeting new people was still a major undertaking.

It was scheduled for this Saturday and I decided to take a cab to the suburb where it was being held. It was early autumn and the weather had been mild, but that morning it turned cold and rainy, and as I listened to the steam hissing in my radiator, it already felt like midwinter. Trees, visible from my window, covered will foliage only yesterday, had become bare overnight. Churning clouds augured a further change in the weather. From my new paper, I learned that a hurricane that had already struck another state was on its way to New York, though it might veer out to sea. The storm left destruction in its wake. In one village an entire cottage was sheared from its foundation and blown into the ocean together with its occupants.

As I lay in bed the morning of the party, I envisioned a change also taking place in me. A loose tooth that hadn’t bothered me suddenly sent a stabbing pain through my jaw. Ordinarily, I’m not too headaches, but I awoke with a dull ache on the left side of my head. Several disturbing dreams had given me a restless night, though 1 could only remember them vaguely. In one dream I recalled shouting at someone and being involved in a light. There was also something about an animal, but what it was I couldn’t recollect. What did stay with me afterward was the despairing knowledge that one leads a double – each part hermetically scaled off from the other.

The narrator___________

Complete the passage with the words provided:
COULD COMPUTER GAMES BE GOOD FOR YOU AFTER ALL
In Britain, the average young person now spends more money on games each year than on going to the cinema or renting videos. But is this 1……a bad thing? For years, newspaper reports have been 2…..that children who spend too much time playing computer games become unsociable, bad- tempered, even violent as a 3…… But new research, 4……out in both Europe and the USA, suggests that the opposite may be true. Indeed, playing some of the more complicated games may help people of all ages to improve certain skills. Researchers claim that this is because the games 5……the brain work harder in certain ways, like 6……sounds and movements quickly and identifying what they are. The fact that people play the games repeatedly 7……..that they get a lot of practice in these skills which are therefore likely to become highly developed. Social skills may benefit, too. Researchers in Chicago think that fans of first- person shooter games 8…… “Counterstrike” are better than non-players hen it comes to building trust and co-operation, and that this 9 .....them to make good friendships and become strong members of their communities. So rather than 10…….up computer games, perhaps young people need to spend more time on them?

Complete the passage with the words provided:
Revising for exams is not as easy as it looks. You will need to work out which routine suits you best, and then stick to it. Some people like studying at night when it’s quiet, whereas others find the early morning is a good time to get things done. You might enjoy ___ (1) ____ to music while you revise, but this can be ___ (2) ___. Can you really concentrate ___ (3) ____ two things at once? So think ___ (4) ____ you turn your radio on. Your ___ (5) ____ is also important while you are revising. This may be a more than usually ___ (6) ____ period of your life, when you should take extra care to eat properly. No missed meals, or junk food, or ___ (7) ____ cups of coffee! Get plenty of exercise as well. If you have got fed up with ___ (8) ____ you’re doing, or find it hard to concentrate, go for a walk to clear your head. ___ (9) ____ exercise will help to keep your body fit and your brain working ___ (10) ____. Finally, you also need to take time off. Go out occasionally, see your friends, make time to relax. Then you will return to your studies fresh and full of enthusiasm.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks

   The leading causes of (36) in many developing countries are now heart disease, cancer, accident, flu, pneumonia, etc. Moreover, cigarettes, alcohol, physical inactivity, and overeating also add to the causes of several of these killing diseases. Medicine has little help to offer, however, to persons (37) can not rid (38) habits harmful to their health. Surgery is the only (39) to offer any chance of survival for people with (40) lung cancer.

37_____________

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Everyone wants to reduce pollution. But the pollution problem is (1)______ complicated as it is serious. It is complicated (2)______ much pollution is caused by things that benefit people. (3)______, exhaust from automobiles causes a large percentage of air pollution. But the automobile (4)______ transportation for millions of people. Factories discharge much (5)______ the material that pollutes the air and water, but factories give employment to a large number of people. Thus, to end (6)_______ greatly reduce pollution immediately, people would have to (7)______ using many things that benefit them. Most of the people do not want to do that, of course. But pollution can be (8)______ reduced in several ways. Scientists and engineers can work to find ways to lessen the (9)______ of pollution that such things as automobiles and factories cause. Governments can pass and enforce laws that (10)______ businesses and traffic to stop, or to cut down on certain polluting activities

Complete the passage with the words provided:
Speech is one of the most important (1) ---------  of communicating .It consists of far more than just making  noises . To talk and also (2) --------- to by other people, we have to speak a language ,that is, we have to use combinations of (3) ------------ that  everyone agrees  to  stand for a  particular object  or idea.  Communication would  be impossible if everyone made up their own language.  Learning a language properly is  very (4) ------------  . The basic (5)--------- of English is not very large, and not only about 2,000 words are needed to speak it quite (6) -----------  .But the more idea you can (7)--------    the more precise you can be about  their exact  meaning. Words are the (8)-------- thing we use in communicating what we want to say. The way we(9)-------------  the words is also very important. Our tone of voice can express many emotions and (10)----------  whether we are  pleased or angry, for instance

Complete the passage with the words provided:
PROBLEMS OF WATCHING TELEVISION IN BRITAIN
British parents are always complaining that their children spend too much time gluing to the telly and not enough (1)____ other activities like sports and reading. A survey recently carried out on people's viewing habits  (2)____ not disapprove it. It shows that young people in Britain spend on  (3)___ twenty three hours a week in front of the television,  (4)_______ works out at over three hours every day. What is surprising, however, is the fact that the average adult watches even more: an incredible 28 hours a week. We seem to have become a nation of telly addicts. Just about  (5)_______ household in the country has a television and over half have two or more. According  (6)___ the survey, people nowadays don't just watch television sitting in their living room, they watch it in the kitchen and in bed as well. The Education Minister said a  (7)___weeks ago that Britain's pupils should spend more time reading. Unfortunately, parents are not setting a good example: adults do  (8)__ reading than young people. In fact, reading is  (9)___ the bottom of their list of favorite pastimes. They would (10)____ listen to the radio, go to the cinema or hire a video to watch on their television at home.

A calorie is a unit for measuring the amount of energy food will produce. The average person needs about 1,800 calories per day to (31) _______ healthy. Without energy, the heart cannot pump blood through blood vessels and the organs cannot function.
You (32) _______ weight because you consume more calories a day than your body requires. The only way to lose weight is to reduce the number of calories you consume. This is the basic principle behind most diets.
(33) _______, diets don’t work for most people. It’s not that they don’t lose weight: they do, but when they (34) _______ the diet, the kilos creep back. The key to losing weight and maintaining weight loss is a sensible diet and exercise plan. You need to work out how to eat fewer calories than you actually consume. You should also exercise daily so you can use up calories. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can (35) _______ a big difference. Try riding an exercise bike while you are watching TV or climbing the stairs rather than taking the lift. Persuade someone to exercise with you; exercise is a lot easier if done in company.

(35)........................................

Read the passage and choose the correct answer:

Animals live everywhere. They roam the land. They burrow in the ground. They swim in the sea. They fly through the air. They creep, they leap, they soar, and they dive. A very few – including corals and barnacles – stay in one place.

Animals come in all sizes. The biggest animals are whales, which can be 100 feet (30 meters) long. The smallest animals can only be seen through a microscope. Zoologists (scientists who study animals) have found more than 2 million species (kinds) of animals. They think they have discovered only a small portion of all animals on Earth.

Several things make animals different from other living things. Unlike plants, animals cannot make their own food. Animals eat other living things–plants and other animals–to get energy. Animal bodies are made up of more than one cell, unlike bacteria and other life forms with only one cell. Cells are the building blocks of living things. Animals also have senses, such as eyes or ears, that tell them what is going on around them.

Not all animals have sense.

Find mistakes among A B C and D and correct

Harry lastly appeared in the role of King Lear at the National Theatre.

Complete the passage with the words provided:
Getting friends and family to pose for photos is hard enough, but how would you cope with a rabbit, an owl or a butterfly that simply (1) _______to keep still? Simon King, wildlife film—maker and photographer, says you don't need any formal (2)_______  to get started. "The whole idea is that photographing wildlife should be fun". Simon offers the following (3)_______Specialize from the start. You're more likely to get good result sooner if you (4)_______  on the type of wildlife - insects for instance - (5)_______  than just going off to the woods or park with your camera and snapping whatever you see. Pick something that isn't hard to photograph. Choosing an animal that's hard to (6)_______ or will run away if it sees you (7) _______ unnecessary problems. How about flowers or a group of birds? Search second-hand camera shops and local papers for quality (8) _______. You don't need to (9) _______ a fortune. Simon started with just a second-hand camera that cost around $30. But you will need a single lens reflex camera. Remember it's the whole photograph that counts, nor just the subject. (10) _______ you're composing a picture and try to be as artistic as possible.