Choose the best answer:
countryside/ in/ than/ I/ countryside/ in/ prefer/ the/ living/ city.

 

Read the reading below carefully, and then complete it with the best option A, B, C or D given below:
Joanne Rowling became famous almost overnight. She is the (1)_____of a highly successful series of books for young people. Joanne has dreamt of being a writer for as long as she can remember. In fact, she has been(2)_____ stories and characters ever since she was a schoolgirl. When she was still quite young, the family moved to a town called Chepstow. A family who lived (3) ____were called Potter, and she used their name for the hero of her books. She and her sister, Di, (4)_____a state school in town. At school, she was hard-­‐working and rather reserved. She was (5)_____good at English and languages. Her talent for telling stories made her popular figure in the school. During breaks between (6) _____she was often surrounded by a crowd of friends, excited to hear the (7) _____story she had written. She often included her classmates in her stories though they were not always aware of this! When she left school, Joanne succeeded in getting a place at university. After graduating, she got a(8) _____in French. Then Joanne started to work as a teacher in a school in Portugal. She married a journalist but, sadly, the couple soon (9)_____and she moved to Edinburgh. She had (10) _____and couldn’t even afford a plastic folder to send her new book to potential publishers. However, one wonderful day a publisher said “yes”. It was the greatest day of her life

Teaching English as a foreign language can be a great way to travel the world and earn money at the same time. However, some graduates actually like the idea of (1) ______ a career in teaching English long-term, and there are numerous courses at various (2) _______ of teaching, from the fast-track TEFL to a diploma or masters. To find the right course a good place to start is TEFL.com - a website with lots of relevant information and helpful advice, including a comprehensive list of institutions in the UK offering TEFL courses. The site also offers a job search facility to assist qualified students (3) _______ finding work. When deciding which course to take, the best bet is to look at what your needs are. If you want a career in teaching English then definitely find one designed for that (4) _______, like an MA or diploma; but if you want to travel around the world, then do a shorter course which will supply you with teaching skills. Some countries, like Japan, will employ people without a teaching qualification as (5) _______ as the teacher is a native speaker of English. However, most countries do now expect a qualification.

(81)___________

Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C, D):
Psychology recognizes two types of research, experimental and differential. The former is concerned mainly with the overall processes governing human activities, and the latter sets out to establish individual differences in performance. More recent studies have demonstrated the need for a third type of psychological study, namely, that which has to do with human development. Rather than considering this aspect of human performances as a part of the first two types, scientists have noted that developmental research indeed belongs in a separate category in and of itself. Piaget's work would indisputably fall in the area of developmental theories that have had great impact on both experimental and differential research. When examining Piaget's studies, it is necessary to keep in mind that, while his theories have been highly influential, his methodology has been strongly criticized. The primary shortfall of his work had to do with a lack of definition and standardization in his data and experiment design.
4. In the passage, the word "indisputably" is closest in meaning to: 

Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C, D):
Even before the turn of the century, movies began to develop in two major directions: the realistic and the formalistic. Realism and formalism are merely general, rather than absolute terms. When used to suggest a tendency toward either polarity, such labels can be helpful, but in the end they are still just labels. Few films are exclusively formalist in style, and fewer yet are completely realist. There is also an important difference between realism and reality, although this distinction is often forgotten. Realism is a particular style, whereas physical reality is the source of all the raw materials of the film, both realistic and formalistic. Virtually all movie directors go to the photographable world for their subject matter, but what they do with this material, how they shape and manipulate it determines their stylistic emphasis. Generally speaking, realistic films attempt to reproduce the surface of concrete reality with a minimum of distortion. In photographing objects and events, the filmmaker tries to suggest the copiousness of life itself. Both realist and formalist film directors must select and hence emphasize certain details from chaotic sprawl of reality. But the element of selectivity in realistic films is less obvious. Realists, in short, try to preserve the illusion that their film world is not manipulated, an objective mirror of the actual world. Formalists, on the other hand, make no such pretense. They deliberately stylize and distort their raw materials so that only the very naive would mistake a manipulated image of an object or event for the real thing. We rarely notice the style in a realistic movie; the artist tends to be self-effacing. Some filmmakers are more concerned with what is being shown than how it is manipulated. The camera is used conservatively. It is essentially a recording mechanism that reproduces the surface of tangible objects with as little commentary as possible. A high premium is placed on simplicity, spontaneity, and directness. This is not to suggest that these movies lack artistry, however, at its best the realistic cinema specializes in art that conceals art.
8. How can one recognize the formalist style?

Read the passage below carefully, and then choose the best answer:
Raising a Child Athlete
In many countries, children with sporting potential are identified early and encouraged to achieve athletic greatness by training for hours every day. While some people see this as a great opportunity for kids to be healthy, others argue that too much focus on training can hurt young people. How parents should raise child athletes has become a big topic of their debate. People who are against such serious commitment to sport say that there are many negatives to training so intensively. Here are some of their arguments: The long hours spent training can distant the child from his or her family. thletes who spend too much time training miss out on education. The child may not be prepared for other real world activities, such as going to college and having a non-athletic job. Pressure from parents and coaches to win can be psychologically damaging for the child. Parents may also become too pushy and end up caring more about athletic achievements than the child. Dr. Christine Carr, a psychologist, suggests that parents take some important steps to make sure that their kids are getting the most out of sports. Carr says that the focus should be on the child’s happiness and about learning life lessons. Self-discipline, determination, and learning to deal with failure are some of the important life skills and lessons kids can learn from sports. Other experts point to the importance of letting children make their own decisions. Top athletes Tiger Woods and Michael Phelps have said that they appreciated their parents letting them decide how much or how little they wanted to train. In fact, according to Phelps’ mother, he had trouble focusing in the classroom until he found a sport that he was passionate about. By allowing Michael to focus on his sport, his mother also saw him improve as a student. Another thing that many parents and doctors agree on is the importance of developing a close relationship with the family. Dr. Carr suggests eating dinner together and says it is a simple way to remind children that family is important, and that support can always be found at home. Woods and Phelps both had supportive families and made it public, with parents attending their many competitions. Raising an athlete is not easy. By balancing life and training, parents can set their children up for success and help them become winners in sports and in life.
5. The phrase “_the most_” in paragraph 3 refers to _________

Read the passage below carefully, and then choose the best answer:
The Life of a Food Critic
You’ve seen restaurant reviews in newspapers, or perhaps in magazines or on the Internet. People read these reviews when they want to know about the quality and price of the food at a restaurant. Or maybe they’re looking for a restaurant with a distinctive atmosphere – dark and romantic, bright and cheerful, or modern and sophisticated. But who writes the articles? Who gets paid to eat? Those lucky people are food critics. Food critics are journalists who eat at restaurants and write reviews that give readers the feeling that they have visited the restaurant themselves. The articles almost always include a description of the restaurant, for example, whether it is nicely decorated or has a beautiful view of the ocean. The menu, prices, and service are generally described as well, but a food critic’s main task is to write about their opinion of the food. For “foodies” – people who love and study food and cooking – dining is a feast for the senses, not just for the stomach. Food critics may tell readers about the colours of fresh vegetables, the silky texture of a soup, or the rich aroma of a perfectly cooked chicken. They will mention whether they were listening to soft music while they ate, or the noises of pots and pans being washed in the restaurant’s kitchen and ending with the dessert. Every detail of the meal is important. All of this may sound easy enough, but food critics do face some challenges. First, food critics must be excellent writers. Their job is to give accurate information in an entertaining way because newspapers and other publications want the restaurant review to be an enjoyable feature. It is also important for food critics to be very observant by nature, and to have an excellent memory, since taking notes at the table is not something typical customers do. Looking like a typical customer is essential for remaining anonymous, but is perhaps the most difficult challenge. Food critic Ruth Reichl, former editor-in-chief of Gourmet magazine, used to go to restaurants wearing disguises so that she received the same food and service as any other diner. Despite the challenges, a career as a food critic appeals to many people. Anyone who is thinking about becoming a food critic should start by developing strong writing skills and learning as much about food and cooking as possible. 
8. How does the writer end the passage?

21st century teachers need to serve as a guide or mentor for their students, not as the all- knowing sage providing them with everything they need. Nowadays, with so much access (1)______ resources of all kinds, children invariably know more than teachers on different topics, step ahead of the technology. Teachers need to be empowered as facilitators for learning, so that they can empower their students in (2)______. This shift is great news for teachers. Instead of struggling to give kids all the information in areas (3)______ they know little about, teachers can support students as they make their own steps into different fields. It’s about preparing them to go beyond their seniors, ensuring they have the skills to do it, and assisting them along the way. (4)______, teachers need to be forward-thinking, curious and flexible. They must be learners: learning new teaching methods, and learning alongside their students. Simply asking questions like “What will my students need dozens of years from now?” or “How can I help give them those skills?” can change teachers' (5)______, make them a leader, and bring about changes in the classroom, school and community.

(54)________

Read the reading below carefully, and then complete it with the best option A, B, C or D given below:
Carefully conducted studies that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-­‐term problems, compared (1)_____children whose mothers stay at home. My personal (2) _____is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not, there are a number of mothers who just have to work. There are many who must work out of pure economic (3) _____. Many mothers are not born to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant, the feel trapped and isolated. There are a number of options when it refers to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind of lady across the street. In reality, (4) _____ many parents do no have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No (5)_____ how good the children may be, some children are going to protect wildly if they are left. This is a (6) _____ normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months, but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family (7)_____. Make sure that in the first week, you allow plenty of time to help your child (8)_____. All children are different. Some are independent,(9) _____ others are more attached to their mothers. Remember that if you want to do the best for your children, it’s not the quantity of time you spend with them, it’s the (10)_____ that matters

Choose the best answer:
Nowadays people ……….. hours sitting in front of the computers.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the undelined part that needs correction in each of the following questions:
The cause of tooth decay is acid, which is produced by bacteria in the mouth. The acid removes minerals from tooth enamel, allowing tooth decay to begin; the saliva in your mouth encourages remineralization and neutralizes the acid. The rate at which bacteria in the mouth produce acid depends on the amount of plaque on the teeth, the composition of the microbial flora, and whether the bacteria of the plaque have been "primed" by frequent exposure to sugar. To keep your teeth healthy, a regular dental hygiene program should be followed.
Removing plaque with a toothbrush and dental floss temporarily reduces the numbers of bacteria in the mouth and thus reduces tooth decay. It also makes the surfaces of the teeth more accessible, enabling saliva to neutralize acid and remineralize lesions. If fluoride is present in drinking water when teeth are forming, some fluoride is incorporated into the enamel of the teeth, making them more resistant to attack by acid. Fluoride toothpaste seems to act in another way, by promoting the remineralization of early carious lesions.
In addition to a regular dental hygiene program, a good way to keep your teeth healthy is to reduce your intake of sweet food. The least cavity-causing way to eat sweets is to have them with meals and not between. The number of times you eat sweets rather than the total amount determines how much harmful acid the bacteria in your saliva produce. But the amount of sweets influences the quality of your saliva. Avoid, if you can, sticky sweets that stay in your mouth a long time. Also try to brush and floss your teeth after eating sugary foods. Even rinsing your mouth with water is effective. Whenever possible, eat foods with fiber, such as raw carrot sticks, apples, celery sticks, etc., that scrape off plaque, acting as a toothbrush. Cavities can be greatly reduced if these rules are followed when eating sweets.

We can infer from the passage that one benefit of fluoride to healthy teet

Read the passage below carefully, and then choose the best answer:
The Magical Mind of Leonardo Da Vinci
When someone shows great skills in a certain field, we call them a genius. In particular, the term is most associated with two people. One is the famed scientist Albert Einstein, and the other is Leonardo Da Vinci. However, unlike Einstein, whose achievements were essentially all related to science, Leonardo Da Vinci was a master at art, architecture, invention, and several other areas. Da Vinci was bom in Italy in 1452. He took to art at an early age and at age 14, he went to study as an apprentice in Florence under the artist Verrocchio. For the next six years. Da Vinci picked up drawing, carpentry, sculpting, and many other techniques from his master and his talent was evident. In fact, Da Vinci was such a good painter that his talent frustrated his master. Eventually, Verrocchio was so frustrated by his student’s genius that he stopped painting altogether. By the age of 20, Da Vinci was considered a master artist and set up his own workshop. It was there that Da Vinci was approached to create a painting for the Duke of Milan. The Duke was so impressed by his work that he would bring him under his service. In addition to creating paintings and sculptures, the Duke also had him design innovative buildings, machines, and weapons. Da Vinci would draw up plans for several futuristic inventions including tanks, submarines, and flying machines. He also mastered the art of drawing every muscle and detail of the human body. The only criticism one could make of Da Vinci is that his brilliant mind jumped so quickly from subject to subject that he rarely completed the works he started. The ones he did finish were often spectacular masterpieces, such as his paintings The Last Supper and the timeless Mona Lisa. The latter, which is on display at the Louvre in Paris, is arguably the most famous painting of all times because of its incredible detail and realism. Although Da Vinci died in 1519, his effect on the art world has never waned. He helped coin the term “Renaissance man” which refers to someone who excels in many different areas. Perhaps the greatest present Da Vinci left behind was his journals. Admirers and students of his work can examine 13,000 pages of his notes, drawings, and ideas to better understand what made this genius tick.
6. All of the following are what Da Vinci did in his life EXCEPT that __________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:
Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects - an estimated 90 percent of the world's species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity.
Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions.
For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed. A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly "personal communication" citations, even for vertebrates, In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase.
In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.

Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss?

Read the reading below carefully, and then complete it with the best option A, B, C or D given below:
Deserts are hot, dry places made up mostly of sand, rock, and mountains. In general, deserts are defined as areas (1) _______ more water evaporates in the air than falls to the ground as rain. Even in these harsh and forbidding conditions, few deserts are completely barren. There are plants and animals that have (2) _______ to survive in this habitat. Plants often have thin, tough leaves or(3) _______ stems (like cactus) to store water, and some remain dormant during dry times, only coming to life when one of the brief rainstorms comes along. Animals survive in deserts by living underground or resting in burrows during the heat of the day. Some creatures get the moisture they need from their food, (4) _______ they don’t need to drink much water, if any. (5)_______ live along the edges of deserts, where there are more plants and shelter.

Read‌ ‌the‌ ‌following‌ ‌passage‌ ‌and‌ ‌mark‌ ‌the‌ ‌letter‌ ‌A,‌ ‌B,‌ ‌C,‌ ‌or‌ ‌D‌ ‌on‌ ‌your‌ ‌answer‌ ‌sheet‌ ‌to‌ ‌indicate‌ ‌the‌ ‌correct‌ ‌
answer‌ ‌to‌ ‌each‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌questions‌ ‌from‌ ‌31‌ ‌to‌ ‌35.‌ ‌
 ‌
The‌ ‌relationship‌ ‌between‌ ‌Britain‌ ‌and‌ ‌the‌ ‌US‌ ‌has‌ ‌always‌ ‌been‌ ‌a‌ ‌close‌ ‌one.‌ ‌Like‌ ‌all‌ ‌close‌ ‌relationships‌ ‌it‌ ‌has‌ ‌had‌ ‌difficult‌ ‌times.‌ ‌The‌ ‌US‌ ‌was‌ ‌first‌ ‌a‌ ‌British‌ ‌colony,‌ ‌but‌ ‌between‌ ‌1775‌ ‌and‌ ‌1783‌ ‌the‌ ‌US‌ ‌fought‌ ‌a‌ ‌war‌ ‌to‌ ‌become‌ ‌independent.‌ ‌The‌ ‌US‌ ‌fought‌ ‌the‌ ‌British‌ ‌again‌ ‌in‌ ‌the‌ ‌War‌ ‌of‌ ‌1812.‌ ‌
In‌ ‌general,‌ ‌however,‌ ‌the‌ ‌two‌ ‌countries‌ ‌have‌ ‌felt‌ ‌closer‌ ‌to‌ ‌each‌ ‌other‌ ‌than‌ ‌to‌ ‌any‌ ‌other‌ ‌country,‌ ‌and‌ ‌their‌ ‌foreign‌ ‌policies‌ ‌have‌ ‌shown‌ ‌this.‌ ‌During‌ ‌World‌ ‌War‌ ‌I‌ ‌and‌ ‌World‌ ‌War‌ ‌II,‌ ‌Britain‌ ‌and‌ ‌the‌ ‌US‌ ‌supported‌ ‌
each‌ ‌other.‌ ‌When‌ ‌the‌ ‌US‌ ‌looks‌ ‌for‌ ‌foreign‌ ‌support,‌ ‌Britain‌ ‌is‌ ‌usually‌ ‌the‌ ‌first‌ ‌country‌ ‌to‌ ‌‌come‌ ‌forward‌‌ ‌and‌ ‌it‌ ‌is‌ ‌sometimes‌ ‌called‌ ‌“the‌ ‌51st‌ ‌state‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌union”.‌ ‌
But‌ ‌the‌ ‌special‌ ‌relationship‌ ‌that‌ ‌developed‌ ‌after‌ ‌1945‌ ‌is‌ ‌not‌ ‌explained‌ ‌only‌ ‌by‌ ‌shared‌ ‌political‌ ‌interests.‌ ‌An‌ ‌important‌ ‌reason‌ ‌for‌ ‌the‌ ‌friendship‌ ‌is‌ ‌that‌ ‌the‌ ‌people‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌two‌ ‌countries‌ ‌are‌ ‌very‌ ‌similar.‌ ‌
They‌‌ ‌share‌ ‌the‌ ‌same‌ ‌language‌ ‌and‌ ‌enjoy‌ ‌each‌ ‌other's‌ ‌literature,‌ ‌films‌ ‌and‌ ‌television.‌ ‌Many‌ ‌Americans‌ ‌have‌ ‌British‌ ‌ancestors,‌ ‌or‌ ‌relatives‌ ‌still‌ ‌living‌ ‌in‌ ‌Britain.‌ ‌The‌ ‌US‌ ‌government‌ ‌and‌ ‌political‌ ‌system‌ ‌is‌ ‌based‌ ‌on‌ ‌Britain's,‌ ‌and‌ ‌there‌ ‌are‌ ‌many‌ ‌Anglo-American‌ ‌businesses‌ ‌operating‌ ‌on‌ ‌both‌ ‌sides‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌Atlantic.‌ ‌In‌ ‌Britain‌ ‌
some‌ ‌people‌ ‌are‌ ‌worried‌ ‌about‌ ‌the‌ ‌extent‌ ‌of‌ ‌US‌ ‌influence,‌ ‌and‌ ‌there‌ ‌is‌ ‌some‌ ‌jealousy‌ ‌of‌ ‌its‌ ‌current‌ ‌power.‌ ‌The‌ ‌special‌ ‌relationship‌ ‌was‌ ‌strong‌ ‌in‌ ‌the‌ ‌early‌ ‌1980s‌ ‌when‌ ‌Margaret‌ ‌Thatcher‌ ‌was‌ ‌Prime‌ ‌Minister‌ ‌in‌ ‌Britain‌ ‌and‌ ‌Ronald‌ ‌Reagan‌ ‌was‌ ‌President‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌US.‌ ‌

Which‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌following‌ ‌is‌ ‌NOT‌ ‌mentioned‌ ‌as‌ ‌a‌ ‌reason‌ ‌for‌ ‌the‌ ‌special‌ ‌relationship‌ ‌between‌ ‌Britain‌ ‌and‌ ‌the‌ ‌US?‌ ‌ ‌

---139--- the past week you may have experienced increased wait times for our C-level elevators, which service floors 25 through 36. We have contacted Higwam, our elevator maintenance contractor, who ---140--- repairs in the elevator shafts. This is to alert all residents that beginning tomorrow and through the end of the week, you are likely to see Higwam technicians working in the lobby. They are planning to work on one unit at a time in order to keep the others operational while repairs are in progress, so for the next few ---141---, there may continue to be prolonged wait times. ---142---.

140.................

Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C, D):
Living things include both the visible world of animals, plants, and fungi as well as the invisible world of bacteria and viruses. On a basic level, we can say that life is ordered. Organisms have an enormously complex organization. We're all familiar with the intricate systems of the basic unit of life, the cell. Life can also "work." Living creatures can take in energy from the environment. This energy, in the form of food, is transformed to maintain metabolic process and for survival. Life grows and develops. This means more than just replicating or getting larger in size. Living organisms also have the ability to rebuild and repair themselves when injured. Life can reproducing. Think about the last time you accidentally stubbed your toe. Almost instantly, you moved back in pain. Finally, life can adapt and respond to the demands placed on it by the environment. There are three basic types of adaptations that can occur in higher organisms.Reversible changes occur as a response to changes in the environment. Let's say you live near sea level and you travel to a mountainous area. You may begin to experience difficulty breathing and an increase in heart rate as a result of the change in altitude. These symptoms go away when you go back down to sea level.Body-related changes occur as a result of prolonged changes in the environment. Using ther previous example, if you were to stay in the mountainous area for a long time, you would notice that your heart rate would begin to slow down and you would begin to breath normally. These changes are also reversible. Genotypic changes (caused by genetic mutition ) take place within the genetic makeup of the organism and are not reversible. An example would be the development of resistance to pesticides by insects and spiders.
3. What is the energy for the living things called?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:
Students working for their first degree at university are called undergraduates. Then they take their degree we say they graduate, and then they are called graduates. If they continue studying at university after they have graduated, they are called post-graduates. Full-time university students spend all their free time studying. They have no other employment. Their course usually lasts for three or four years. Medical students have to follow a course lasting for six or seven years. Then they graduate as doctors. In Britain, full-time university students have three terms of about ten weeks in each year. During these terms they go to lectures or they study by themselves. Many students become members of academic societies and sports clubs and take part in their activities. Between the university terms they have vacations (or holiday periods). Their vacations are long, but of course they can use them to study at home.

he word “graduate” in line 2 is closest in meaning to     .

Choose the best answer:
We have never had such a cold winter. → It is

Marketing your business can be confusing. Newspapers and magazines are ---135--- useful venues for advertising. ---136---, social media platforms have become even more critical marketing outlets. Kate Wei Communications utilizes both traditional outlets and the latest communication platforms. ---137---. In addition to exceptional print services, Kate Wei Communications has the expertise to help you---138--- your online presence. Why wait? Choose our award-winning firm to strengthen your company's image today!

135................

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate to each of the questions from 31 to 35
Social media marketing has increased due to the growing active user rates on social media sites. For example, Facebook currently has 2.2 billion users, Twitter has 330 million active users and Instagram has 800 million users. 
One of the main uses is to interact with audiences to create awareness of the brand or service, with the main idea of creating a two-way communication system where the audience and/or customers can interact back; providing feedback as just one example. Social media can be used to advertise; placing an advert on Facebook's Newsfeed, for example, can allow a vast number of people to see it or targeting specific audiences from their usage to encourage awareness of the product or brand. Users of social media are then able to like, share and comment on the advert, becoming message senders as they can keep passing the advert's message on to their friends and onwards. The use of new media put consumers on the position of spreading opinions, sharing experience, and has shift power from organization to consumers for it allows transparency and different opinions to be heard. 
Media marketing has to keep up with all the different platforms. They also have to keep up with the ongoing trends that are set by big influencers and draw many peoples attention. The type of audience a business is going for will determine the social media site they use. 

According to the third paragraph, what do media marketing have to keep up with?