10 Đề thi kiểm tra giữa học kì 1 môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12 - Global Success - Đề 9

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

1. Cultural diversity in art highlights the distinct values, traditions, and behaviors of various cultures. It reflects the unique histories, beliefs, and experiences of different communities, enriching our collective heritage. This diversity plays an essential role in fostering understanding, preserving cultural identities, and promoting social cohesion through the universal language of art. By blending different cultural traditions, artists create new art forms that reflect their personal experiences, enhancing cross-cultural appreciation. This fusion, sometimes termed the ‘contamination’ of styles, enables artists to meld their heritage with external influences, facilitating a deeper appreciation of global cultures.

2. Art functions as a universal medium that transcends cultural boundaries, promoting dialogue and bridging gaps between diverse groups. Engaging with varied artistic expressions not only broadens one’s worldview but also stimulates creativity and innovation. Exposure to different artistic traditions helps explore the similarities and differences between cultures, highlighting universal themes and emotions that unite us all.

3. Cultural festivals and art exhibitions are key in showcasing the diversity of artistic expressions. They not only honor the vibrancy of global cultures but also cultivate empathy and understanding among diverse audiences. The blending of artistic styles in festivals increases the appeal and reach of different traditions. For example, combining jazz with Middle Eastern or Indian music creates new sounds that broaden the cultural understanding of audiences. In visual arts, artists often borrow elements from various traditions, creating a rich intercultural dialogue.

4. Art plays a vital role in bridging cultural divides, promoting understanding and appreciation across communities. By engaging with the art, music, and traditions of different cultures, individuals develop tolerance and contribute to a more inclusive society. These interactions help reduce prejudice and foster unity, strengthening community cohesion and advancing cultural equity.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a role of cultural diversity in the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

1. Cultural diversity in art highlights the distinct values, traditions, and behaviors of various cultures. It reflects the unique histories, beliefs, and experiences of different communities, enriching our collective heritage. This diversity plays an essential role in fostering understanding, preserving cultural identities, and promoting social cohesion through the universal language of art. By blending different cultural traditions, artists create new art forms that reflect their personal experiences, enhancing cross-cultural appreciation. This fusion, sometimes termed the ‘contamination’ of styles, enables artists to meld their heritage with external influences, facilitating a deeper appreciation of global cultures.

2. Art functions as a universal medium that transcends cultural boundaries, promoting dialogue and bridging gaps between diverse groups. Engaging with varied artistic expressions not only broadens one’s worldview but also stimulates creativity and innovation. Exposure to different artistic traditions helps explore the similarities and differences between cultures, highlighting universal themes and emotions that unite us all.

3. Cultural festivals and art exhibitions are key in showcasing the diversity of artistic expressions. They not only honor the vibrancy of global cultures but also cultivate empathy and understanding among diverse audiences. The blending of artistic styles in festivals increases the appeal and reach of different traditions. For example, combining jazz with Middle Eastern or Indian music creates new sounds that broaden the cultural understanding of audiences. In visual arts, artists often borrow elements from various traditions, creating a rich intercultural dialogue.

4. Art plays a vital role in bridging cultural divides, promoting understanding and appreciation across communities. By engaging with the art, music, and traditions of different cultures, individuals develop tolerance and contribute to a more inclusive society. These interactions help reduce prejudice and foster unity, strengthening community cohesion and advancing cultural equity.

The word meld in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by __________

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

1. Cultural diversity in art highlights the distinct values, traditions, and behaviors of various cultures. It reflects the unique histories, beliefs, and experiences of different communities, enriching our collective heritage. This diversity plays an essential role in fostering understanding, preserving cultural identities, and promoting social cohesion through the universal language of art. By blending different cultural traditions, artists create new art forms that reflect their personal experiences, enhancing cross-cultural appreciation. This fusion, sometimes termed the ‘contamination’ of styles, enables artists to meld their heritage with external influences, facilitating a deeper appreciation of global cultures.

2. Art functions as a universal medium that transcends cultural boundaries, promoting dialogue and bridging gaps between diverse groups. Engaging with varied artistic expressions not only broadens one’s worldview but also stimulates creativity and innovation. Exposure to different artistic traditions helps explore the similarities and differences between cultures, highlighting universal themes and emotions that unite us all.

3. Cultural festivals and art exhibitions are key in showcasing the diversity of artistic expressions. They not only honor the vibrancy of global cultures but also cultivate empathy and understanding among diverse audiences. The blending of artistic styles in festivals increases the appeal and reach of different traditions. For example, combining jazz with Middle Eastern or Indian music creates new sounds that broaden the cultural understanding of audiences. In visual arts, artists often borrow elements from various traditions, creating a rich intercultural dialogue.

4. Art plays a vital role in bridging cultural divides, promoting understanding and appreciation across communities. By engaging with the art, music, and traditions of different cultures, individuals develop tolerance and contribute to a more inclusive society. These interactions help reduce prejudice and foster unity, strengthening community cohesion and advancing cultural equity.

The word transcends in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to __________

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

1. Cultural diversity in art highlights the distinct values, traditions, and behaviors of various cultures. It reflects the unique histories, beliefs, and experiences of different communities, enriching our collective heritage. This diversity plays an essential role in fostering understanding, preserving cultural identities, and promoting social cohesion through the universal language of art. By blending different cultural traditions, artists create new art forms that reflect their personal experiences, enhancing cross-cultural appreciation. This fusion, sometimes termed the ‘contamination’ of styles, enables artists to meld their heritage with external influences, facilitating a deeper appreciation of global cultures.

2. Art functions as a universal medium that transcends cultural boundaries, promoting dialogue and bridging gaps between diverse groups. Engaging with varied artistic expressions not only broadens one’s worldview but also stimulates creativity and innovation. Exposure to different artistic traditions helps explore the similarities and differences between cultures, highlighting universal themes and emotions that unite us all.

3. Cultural festivals and art exhibitions are key in showcasing the diversity of artistic expressions. They not only honor the vibrancy of global cultures but also cultivate empathy and understanding among diverse audiences. The blending of artistic styles in festivals increases the appeal and reach of different traditions. For example, combining jazz with Middle Eastern or Indian music creates new sounds that broaden the cultural understanding of audiences. In visual arts, artists often borrow elements from various traditions, creating a rich intercultural dialogue.

4. Art plays a vital role in bridging cultural divides, promoting understanding and appreciation across communities. By engaging with the art, music, and traditions of different cultures, individuals develop tolerance and contribute to a more inclusive society. These interactions help reduce prejudice and foster unity, strengthening community cohesion and advancing cultural equity.

The word They in paragraph 3 refers to __________

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

1. Cultural diversity in art highlights the distinct values, traditions, and behaviors of various cultures. It reflects the unique histories, beliefs, and experiences of different communities, enriching our collective heritage. This diversity plays an essential role in fostering understanding, preserving cultural identities, and promoting social cohesion through the universal language of art. By blending different cultural traditions, artists create new art forms that reflect their personal experiences, enhancing cross-cultural appreciation. This fusion, sometimes termed the ‘contamination’ of styles, enables artists to meld their heritage with external influences, facilitating a deeper appreciation of global cultures.

2. Art functions as a universal medium that transcends cultural boundaries, promoting dialogue and bridging gaps between diverse groups. Engaging with varied artistic expressions not only broadens one’s worldview but also stimulates creativity and innovation. Exposure to different artistic traditions helps explore the similarities and differences between cultures, highlighting universal themes and emotions that unite us all.

3. Cultural festivals and art exhibitions are key in showcasing the diversity of artistic expressions. They not only honor the vibrancy of global cultures but also cultivate empathy and understanding among diverse audiences. The blending of artistic styles in festivals increases the appeal and reach of different traditions. For example, combining jazz with Middle Eastern or Indian music creates new sounds that broaden the cultural understanding of audiences. In visual arts, artists often borrow elements from various traditions, creating a rich intercultural dialogue.

4. Art plays a vital role in bridging cultural divides, promoting understanding and appreciation across communities. By engaging with the art, music, and traditions of different cultures, individuals develop tolerance and contribute to a more inclusive society. These interactions help reduce prejudice and foster unity, strengthening community cohesion and advancing cultural equity.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

1. Cultural diversity in art highlights the distinct values, traditions, and behaviors of various cultures. It reflects the unique histories, beliefs, and experiences of different communities, enriching our collective heritage. This diversity plays an essential role in fostering understanding, preserving cultural identities, and promoting social cohesion through the universal language of art. By blending different cultural traditions, artists create new art forms that reflect their personal experiences, enhancing cross-cultural appreciation. This fusion, sometimes termed the ‘contamination’ of styles, enables artists to meld their heritage with external influences, facilitating a deeper appreciation of global cultures.

2. Art functions as a universal medium that transcends cultural boundaries, promoting dialogue and bridging gaps between diverse groups. Engaging with varied artistic expressions not only broadens one’s worldview but also stimulates creativity and innovation. Exposure to different artistic traditions helps explore the similarities and differences between cultures, highlighting universal themes and emotions that unite us all.

3. Cultural festivals and art exhibitions are key in showcasing the diversity of artistic expressions. They not only honor the vibrancy of global cultures but also cultivate empathy and understanding among diverse audiences. The blending of artistic styles in festivals increases the appeal and reach of different traditions. For example, combining jazz with Middle Eastern or Indian music creates new sounds that broaden the cultural understanding of audiences. In visual arts, artists often borrow elements from various traditions, creating a rich intercultural dialogue.

4. Art plays a vital role in bridging cultural divides, promoting understanding and appreciation across communities. By engaging with the art, music, and traditions of different cultures, individuals develop tolerance and contribute to a more inclusive society. These interactions help reduce prejudice and foster unity, strengthening community cohesion and advancing cultural equity.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

1. Cultural diversity in art highlights the distinct values, traditions, and behaviors of various cultures. It reflects the unique histories, beliefs, and experiences of different communities, enriching our collective heritage. This diversity plays an essential role in fostering understanding, preserving cultural identities, and promoting social cohesion through the universal language of art. By blending different cultural traditions, artists create new art forms that reflect their personal experiences, enhancing cross-cultural appreciation. This fusion, sometimes termed the ‘contamination’ of styles, enables artists to meld their heritage with external influences, facilitating a deeper appreciation of global cultures.

2. Art functions as a universal medium that transcends cultural boundaries, promoting dialogue and bridging gaps between diverse groups. Engaging with varied artistic expressions not only broadens one’s worldview but also stimulates creativity and innovation. Exposure to different artistic traditions helps explore the similarities and differences between cultures, highlighting universal themes and emotions that unite us all.

3. Cultural festivals and art exhibitions are key in showcasing the diversity of artistic expressions. They not only honor the vibrancy of global cultures but also cultivate empathy and understanding among diverse audiences. The blending of artistic styles in festivals increases the appeal and reach of different traditions. For example, combining jazz with Middle Eastern or Indian music creates new sounds that broaden the cultural understanding of audiences. In visual arts, artists often borrow elements from various traditions, creating a rich intercultural dialogue.

4. Art plays a vital role in bridging cultural divides, promoting understanding and appreciation across communities. By engaging with the art, music, and traditions of different cultures, individuals develop tolerance and contribute to a more inclusive society. These interactions help reduce prejudice and foster unity, strengthening community cohesion and advancing cultural equity.

In which paragraph does the author provide evidence of blending different artistic styles?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

1. Cultural diversity in art highlights the distinct values, traditions, and behaviors of various cultures. It reflects the unique histories, beliefs, and experiences of different communities, enriching our collective heritage. This diversity plays an essential role in fostering understanding, preserving cultural identities, and promoting social cohesion through the universal language of art. By blending different cultural traditions, artists create new art forms that reflect their personal experiences, enhancing cross-cultural appreciation. This fusion, sometimes termed the ‘contamination’ of styles, enables artists to meld their heritage with external influences, facilitating a deeper appreciation of global cultures.

2. Art functions as a universal medium that transcends cultural boundaries, promoting dialogue and bridging gaps between diverse groups. Engaging with varied artistic expressions not only broadens one’s worldview but also stimulates creativity and innovation. Exposure to different artistic traditions helps explore the similarities and differences between cultures, highlighting universal themes and emotions that unite us all.

3. Cultural festivals and art exhibitions are key in showcasing the diversity of artistic expressions. They not only honor the vibrancy of global cultures but also cultivate empathy and understanding among diverse audiences. The blending of artistic styles in festivals increases the appeal and reach of different traditions. For example, combining jazz with Middle Eastern or Indian music creates new sounds that broaden the cultural understanding of audiences. In visual arts, artists often borrow elements from various traditions, creating a rich intercultural dialogue.

4. Art plays a vital role in bridging cultural divides, promoting understanding and appreciation across communities. By engaging with the art, music, and traditions of different cultures, individuals develop tolerance and contribute to a more inclusive society. These interactions help reduce prejudice and foster unity, strengthening community cohesion and advancing cultural equity.

In which paragraph does the author mention that understanding art from other cultures is essential for personal development?

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 9 to 14.

Simplify Your Life with Minimalist Living

Are you ready to embrace a simpler, more sustainable lifestyle? Minimalist living is a growing trend that focuses on reducing clutter, downsizing, and (9) _______ eco-friendly practices. By choosing fewer possessions and smaller spaces, you can make a significant impact (10) _______ both your personal well-being and the environment.

Downsize Your Space: Less is More

Choosing smaller living spaces—whether it's a compact home or apartment—can significantly reduce your (11) _______. It uses fewer materials and energy, making it an eco-friendly choice. However, the tradeoff is limited space, (12) _______ can be a challenge for those used to larger homes.

Declutter for Peace of Mind

A key part of minimalist living is (13) _______ your home. Letting go of items you no longer need helps reduce waste and creates a more peaceful environment. It’s not always easy, but thinking carefully about what to keep can lead to greater happiness and a more organized life.

Tiny Homes: Small, Sustainable, and Smart

Tiny homes offer a creative way to live with less. These eco-friendly homes are (14) _______ and energy-efficient but require adjustments to small living spaces.

Make the change today—embrace minimalist living and create a more sustainable, stress-free future!

Choose the best answer for question 9:

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 9 to 14.

Simplify Your Life with Minimalist Living

Are you ready to embrace a simpler, more sustainable lifestyle? Minimalist living is a growing trend that focuses on reducing clutter, downsizing, and (9) _______ eco-friendly practices. By choosing fewer possessions and smaller spaces, you can make a significant impact (10) _______ both your personal well-being and the environment.

Downsize Your Space: Less is More

Choosing smaller living spaces—whether it's a compact home or apartment—can significantly reduce your (11) _______. It uses fewer materials and energy, making it an eco-friendly choice. However, the tradeoff is limited space, (12) _______ can be a challenge for those used to larger homes.

Declutter for Peace of Mind

A key part of minimalist living is (13) _______ your home. Letting go of items you no longer need helps reduce waste and creates a more peaceful environment. It’s not always easy, but thinking carefully about what to keep can lead to greater happiness and a more organized life.

Tiny Homes: Small, Sustainable, and Smart

Tiny homes offer a creative way to live with less. These eco-friendly homes are (14) _______ and energy-efficient but require adjustments to small living spaces.

Make the change today—embrace minimalist living and create a more sustainable, stress-free future!

Choose the best answer for question 10:

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 9 to 14.

Simplify Your Life with Minimalist Living

Are you ready to embrace a simpler, more sustainable lifestyle? Minimalist living is a growing trend that focuses on reducing clutter, downsizing, and (9) _______ eco-friendly practices. By choosing fewer possessions and smaller spaces, you can make a significant impact (10) _______ both your personal well-being and the environment.

Downsize Your Space: Less is More

Choosing smaller living spaces—whether it's a compact home or apartment—can significantly reduce your (11) _______. It uses fewer materials and energy, making it an eco-friendly choice. However, the tradeoff is limited space, (12) _______ can be a challenge for those used to larger homes.

Declutter for Peace of Mind

A key part of minimalist living is (13) _______ your home. Letting go of items you no longer need helps reduce waste and creates a more peaceful environment. It’s not always easy, but thinking carefully about what to keep can lead to greater happiness and a more organized life.

Tiny Homes: Small, Sustainable, and Smart

Tiny homes offer a creative way to live with less. These eco-friendly homes are (14) _______ and energy-efficient but require adjustments to small living spaces.

Make the change today—embrace minimalist living and create a more sustainable, stress-free future!

Choose the best answer for question 11:

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 9 to 14.

Simplify Your Life with Minimalist Living

Are you ready to embrace a simpler, more sustainable lifestyle? Minimalist living is a growing trend that focuses on reducing clutter, downsizing, and (9) _______ eco-friendly practices. By choosing fewer possessions and smaller spaces, you can make a significant impact (10) _______ both your personal well-being and the environment.

Downsize Your Space: Less is More

Choosing smaller living spaces—whether it's a compact home or apartment—can significantly reduce your (11) _______. It uses fewer materials and energy, making it an eco-friendly choice. However, the tradeoff is limited space, (12) _______ can be a challenge for those used to larger homes.

Declutter for Peace of Mind

A key part of minimalist living is (13) _______ your home. Letting go of items you no longer need helps reduce waste and creates a more peaceful environment. It’s not always easy, but thinking carefully about what to keep can lead to greater happiness and a more organized life.

Tiny Homes: Small, Sustainable, and Smart

Tiny homes offer a creative way to live with less. These eco-friendly homes are (14) _______ and energy-efficient but require adjustments to small living spaces.

Make the change today—embrace minimalist living and create a more sustainable, stress-free future!

Choose the best answer for question 12:

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 9 to 14.

Simplify Your Life with Minimalist Living

Are you ready to embrace a simpler, more sustainable lifestyle? Minimalist living is a growing trend that focuses on reducing clutter, downsizing, and (9) _______ eco-friendly practices. By choosing fewer possessions and smaller spaces, you can make a significant impact (10) _______ both your personal well-being and the environment.

Downsize Your Space: Less is More

Choosing smaller living spaces—whether it's a compact home or apartment—can significantly reduce your (11) _______. It uses fewer materials and energy, making it an eco-friendly choice. However, the tradeoff is limited space, (12) _______ can be a challenge for those used to larger homes.

Declutter for Peace of Mind

A key part of minimalist living is (13) _______ your home. Letting go of items you no longer need helps reduce waste and creates a more peaceful environment. It’s not always easy, but thinking carefully about what to keep can lead to greater happiness and a more organized life.

Tiny Homes: Small, Sustainable, and Smart

Tiny homes offer a creative way to live with less. These eco-friendly homes are (14) _______ and energy-efficient but require adjustments to small living spaces.

Make the change today—embrace minimalist living and create a more sustainable, stress-free future!

Choose the best answer for question 13:

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 9 to 14.

Simplify Your Life with Minimalist Living

Are you ready to embrace a simpler, more sustainable lifestyle? Minimalist living is a growing trend that focuses on reducing clutter, downsizing, and (9) _______ eco-friendly practices. By choosing fewer possessions and smaller spaces, you can make a significant impact (10) _______ both your personal well-being and the environment.

Downsize Your Space: Less is More

Choosing smaller living spaces—whether it's a compact home or apartment—can significantly reduce your (11) _______. It uses fewer materials and energy, making it an eco-friendly choice. However, the tradeoff is limited space, (12) _______ can be a challenge for those used to larger homes.

Declutter for Peace of Mind

A key part of minimalist living is (13) _______ your home. Letting go of items you no longer need helps reduce waste and creates a more peaceful environment. It’s not always easy, but thinking carefully about what to keep can lead to greater happiness and a more organized life.

Tiny Homes: Small, Sustainable, and Smart

Tiny homes offer a creative way to live with less. These eco-friendly homes are (14) _______ and energy-efficient but require adjustments to small living spaces.

Make the change today—embrace minimalist living and create a more sustainable, stress-free future!

Choose the best answer for question 14:

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 19.

As a leader, it is highly probable that your team is discussing your leadership, how you are managing changes, and the organisation itself. (15) _______. People naturally respond emotionally to change, and without clear and well-communicated messages from leadership, it is common for individuals to create their own narratives.

(16) _______, leaders can take control by creating a coherent and authentic ‘change story.’ Through a carefully crafted narrative, leaders can influence the emotions and thoughts of their audience, guiding them in the direction the organisation is moving. (17) _______, such as a shift in culture, new leadership, or organisational restructuring.

Examples of effective storytelling in leadership include Barack Obama’s “Fired up, ready to go” speech, (18) _______. Similarly, Susan Cain’s TED Talk promotes the value of introverts, while Malala Yousafzai’s personal story of survival and activism for girls' rights has inspired people globally.

Research supports the effectiveness of storytelling. Paul J. Zak’s studies suggest that emotionally engaging stories release oxytocin, increasing empathy and trust. While you may not have the natural charisma of figures like Obama or Malala, (19) _______.

Choose the best answer for question 15:

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 19.

As a leader, it is highly probable that your team is discussing your leadership, how you are managing changes, and the organisation itself. (15) _______. People naturally respond emotionally to change, and without clear and well-communicated messages from leadership, it is common for individuals to create their own narratives.

(16) _______, leaders can take control by creating a coherent and authentic ‘change story.’ Through a carefully crafted narrative, leaders can influence the emotions and thoughts of their audience, guiding them in the direction the organisation is moving. (17) _______, such as a shift in culture, new leadership, or organisational restructuring.

Examples of effective storytelling in leadership include Barack Obama’s “Fired up, ready to go” speech, (18) _______. Similarly, Susan Cain’s TED Talk promotes the value of introverts, while Malala Yousafzai’s personal story of survival and activism for girls' rights has inspired people globally.

Research supports the effectiveness of storytelling. Paul J. Zak’s studies suggest that emotionally engaging stories release oxytocin, increasing empathy and trust. While you may not have the natural charisma of figures like Obama or Malala, (19) _______.

Choose the best answer for question 16:

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 19.

As a leader, it is highly probable that your team is discussing your leadership, how you are managing changes, and the organisation itself. (15) _______. People naturally respond emotionally to change, and without clear and well-communicated messages from leadership, it is common for individuals to create their own narratives.

(16) _______, leaders can take control by creating a coherent and authentic ‘change story.’ Through a carefully crafted narrative, leaders can influence the emotions and thoughts of their audience, guiding them in the direction the organisation is moving. (17) _______, such as a shift in culture, new leadership, or organisational restructuring.

Examples of effective storytelling in leadership include Barack Obama’s “Fired up, ready to go” speech, (18) _______. Similarly, Susan Cain’s TED Talk promotes the value of introverts, while Malala Yousafzai’s personal story of survival and activism for girls' rights has inspired people globally.

Research supports the effectiveness of storytelling. Paul J. Zak’s studies suggest that emotionally engaging stories release oxytocin, increasing empathy and trust. While you may not have the natural charisma of figures like Obama or Malala, (19) _______.

Choose the best answer for question 17:

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 19.

As a leader, it is highly probable that your team is discussing your leadership, how you are managing changes, and the organisation itself. (15) _______. People naturally respond emotionally to change, and without clear and well-communicated messages from leadership, it is common for individuals to create their own narratives.

(16) _______, leaders can take control by creating a coherent and authentic ‘change story.’ Through a carefully crafted narrative, leaders can influence the emotions and thoughts of their audience, guiding them in the direction the organisation is moving. (17) _______, such as a shift in culture, new leadership, or organisational restructuring.

Examples of effective storytelling in leadership include Barack Obama’s “Fired up, ready to go” speech, (18) _______. Similarly, Susan Cain’s TED Talk promotes the value of introverts, while Malala Yousafzai’s personal story of survival and activism for girls' rights has inspired people globally.

Research supports the effectiveness of storytelling. Paul J. Zak’s studies suggest that emotionally engaging stories release oxytocin, increasing empathy and trust. While you may not have the natural charisma of figures like Obama or Malala, (19) _______.

Choose the best answer for question 18:

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 19.

As a leader, it is highly probable that your team is discussing your leadership, how you are managing changes, and the organisation itself. (15) _______. People naturally respond emotionally to change, and without clear and well-communicated messages from leadership, it is common for individuals to create their own narratives.

(16) _______, leaders can take control by creating a coherent and authentic ‘change story.’ Through a carefully crafted narrative, leaders can influence the emotions and thoughts of their audience, guiding them in the direction the organisation is moving. (17) _______, such as a shift in culture, new leadership, or organisational restructuring.

Examples of effective storytelling in leadership include Barack Obama’s “Fired up, ready to go” speech, (18) _______. Similarly, Susan Cain’s TED Talk promotes the value of introverts, while Malala Yousafzai’s personal story of survival and activism for girls' rights has inspired people globally.

Research supports the effectiveness of storytelling. Paul J. Zak’s studies suggest that emotionally engaging stories release oxytocin, increasing empathy and trust. While you may not have the natural charisma of figures like Obama or Malala, (19) _______.

Choose the best answer for question 19:

Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 20 to 24.

a. Ana: She loves dancing and wants to share her passion with the world.

b. Ana: My cousin wants to be a professional dancer. She practices every single day.

c. Ben: Wow, that's real dedication. What motivates her to work so hard?

Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 20 to 24.

a. Ben: Exactly. They check the soil and the weather, so they're super efficient.

b. Ana: So it doesn't waste any water by watering when it's not needed?

c. Ana: I need to get one for my garden. It would save so much water.

d. Ben: Yeah, those are really smart. They use sensors to know exactly when your plants are thirsty.

e. Ana: I saw an ad for a smart water system for gardens. It seems so high-tech

Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 20 to 24.

a. Banning non-recyclable packaging could be an important action to protect the environment.

b. If governments require this change, people will also understand more about how waste damages nature and human health.

c. In the long term, such a ban would show a strong commitment to creating a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable future for the planet.

d. This type of law would help reduce the large amount of plastic waste that is filling landfills and oceans, which is one of the world’s biggest problems today.

e. At the same time, it would push companies to design new packaging that is safe, sustainable, and made from renewable resources

Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 20 to 24.

a. When a language is lost, the knowledge it carries about culture and ways of life also disappears.

b. Native languages also play an important role in shaping identity and maintaining connections with family and ancestors, so their decline creates a sense of separation from heritage.

c. The disappearance of native languages in multicultural societies is a serious issue that threatens both culture and identity.

d. A language represents more than communication because it contains the history, traditions, and worldview of the community that speaks it.

e. Protecting these languages is essential to preserve cultural diversity and ensure that future generations remain connected to their roots

Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 20 to 24.

Dear Ms. Sarah Kim,

a. The event will be held on Thursday, October 10th at 5:00 PM at The Tech Plaza, Room 201.

b. The workshop is intended to equip you with the knowledge to reduce your carbon footprint and achieve significant energy savings.

c. Our expert will discuss solutions such as smart thermostats, efficient lighting, and integrated home automation.

d. We are delighted to extend a formal invitation for you to join our workshop, "Smart homes save the planet," an event dedicated to promoting energy conservation in the modern home.

e. The session will be led by a leading expert in the field who will share valuable insights and provide actionable advice. Your participation would be highly valued.

Please be sure to confirm your attendance no later than October 5th.

Thank you for your consideration.

Respectfully yours,

The Environmental Initiatives Division

Read the following advertisement and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 30.

Step into the World of Textiles: The Art of Mankind

Dive into the colorful world of textiles, (25) _______ culture and craftsmanship weave together across centuries. Visit the Fashion and Textile Museum in London for the Textiles: The Art of Mankind exhibition, now open until 7 September 2025.

From sacred textiles to modern masterpieces, this exhibition explores how textiles (26) _______ history, identity, and culture. Marvel at the (27) _______ from Panama, a symbol of fertility, and the thought-provoking ceremonial bag shaped like a human hand, symbolizing warmth and welcome.

As the saying goes, “you can’t judge a book by its (28) _______,” and the same goes for textiles! Behind every stitch is a story (29) _______ to be uncovered. Don’t miss Connecting Threads, an (30) _______ display by Lynn Setterington that challenges social issues through the art of textile-making.

Explore the richness of human creativity at this once-in-a-lifetime exhibition!

Open Tuesday to Saturday, 11:00 – 18:00. Join us and experience the art of textiles like never before!

Choose the best answer for question 25:

Read the following advertisement and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 30.

Step into the World of Textiles: The Art of Mankind

Dive into the colorful world of textiles, (25) _______ culture and craftsmanship weave together across centuries. Visit the Fashion and Textile Museum in London for the Textiles: The Art of Mankind exhibition, now open until 7 September 2025.

From sacred textiles to modern masterpieces, this exhibition explores how textiles (26) _______ history, identity, and culture. Marvel at the (27) _______ from Panama, a symbol of fertility, and the thought-provoking ceremonial bag shaped like a human hand, symbolizing warmth and welcome.

As the saying goes, “you can’t judge a book by its (28) _______,” and the same goes for textiles! Behind every stitch is a story (29) _______ to be uncovered. Don’t miss Connecting Threads, an (30) _______ display by Lynn Setterington that challenges social issues through the art of textile-making.

Explore the richness of human creativity at this once-in-a-lifetime exhibition!

Open Tuesday to Saturday, 11:00 – 18:00. Join us and experience the art of textiles like never before!

Choose the best answer for question 26:

Read the following advertisement and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 30.

Step into the World of Textiles: The Art of Mankind

Dive into the colorful world of textiles, (25) _______ culture and craftsmanship weave together across centuries. Visit the Fashion and Textile Museum in London for the Textiles: The Art of Mankind exhibition, now open until 7 September 2025.

From sacred textiles to modern masterpieces, this exhibition explores how textiles (26) _______ history, identity, and culture. Marvel at the (27) _______ from Panama, a symbol of fertility, and the thought-provoking ceremonial bag shaped like a human hand, symbolizing warmth and welcome.

As the saying goes, “you can’t judge a book by its (28) _______,” and the same goes for textiles! Behind every stitch is a story (29) _______ to be uncovered. Don’t miss Connecting Threads, an (30) _______ display by Lynn Setterington that challenges social issues through the art of textile-making.

Explore the richness of human creativity at this once-in-a-lifetime exhibition!

Open Tuesday to Saturday, 11:00 – 18:00. Join us and experience the art of textiles like never before!

Choose the best answer for question 27:

Read the following advertisement and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 30.

Step into the World of Textiles: The Art of Mankind

Dive into the colorful world of textiles, (25) _______ culture and craftsmanship weave together across centuries. Visit the Fashion and Textile Museum in London for the Textiles: The Art of Mankind exhibition, now open until 7 September 2025.

From sacred textiles to modern masterpieces, this exhibition explores how textiles (26) _______ history, identity, and culture. Marvel at the (27) _______ from Panama, a symbol of fertility, and the thought-provoking ceremonial bag shaped like a human hand, symbolizing warmth and welcome.

As the saying goes, “you can’t judge a book by its (28) _______,” and the same goes for textiles! Behind every stitch is a story (29) _______ to be uncovered. Don’t miss Connecting Threads, an (30) _______ display by Lynn Setterington that challenges social issues through the art of textile-making.

Explore the richness of human creativity at this once-in-a-lifetime exhibition!

Open Tuesday to Saturday, 11:00 – 18:00. Join us and experience the art of textiles like never before!

Choose the best answer for question 28:

Read the following advertisement and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 30.

Step into the World of Textiles: The Art of Mankind

Dive into the colorful world of textiles, (25) _______ culture and craftsmanship weave together across centuries. Visit the Fashion and Textile Museum in London for the Textiles: The Art of Mankind exhibition, now open until 7 September 2025.

From sacred textiles to modern masterpieces, this exhibition explores how textiles (26) _______ history, identity, and culture. Marvel at the (27) _______ from Panama, a symbol of fertility, and the thought-provoking ceremonial bag shaped like a human hand, symbolizing warmth and welcome.

As the saying goes, “you can’t judge a book by its (28) _______,” and the same goes for textiles! Behind every stitch is a story (29) _______ to be uncovered. Don’t miss Connecting Threads, an (30) _______ display by Lynn Setterington that challenges social issues through the art of textile-making.

Explore the richness of human creativity at this once-in-a-lifetime exhibition!

Open Tuesday to Saturday, 11:00 – 18:00. Join us and experience the art of textiles like never before!

Choose the best answer for question 29:

Read the following advertisement and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 30.

Step into the World of Textiles: The Art of Mankind

Dive into the colorful world of textiles, (25) _______ culture and craftsmanship weave together across centuries. Visit the Fashion and Textile Museum in London for the Textiles: The Art of Mankind exhibition, now open until 7 September 2025.

From sacred textiles to modern masterpieces, this exhibition explores how textiles (26) _______ history, identity, and culture. Marvel at the (27) _______ from Panama, a symbol of fertility, and the thought-provoking ceremonial bag shaped like a human hand, symbolizing warmth and welcome.

As the saying goes, “you can’t judge a book by its (28) _______,” and the same goes for textiles! Behind every stitch is a story (29) _______ to be uncovered. Don’t miss Connecting Threads, an (30) _______ display by Lynn Setterington that challenges social issues through the art of textile-making.

Explore the richness of human creativity at this once-in-a-lifetime exhibition!

Open Tuesday to Saturday, 11:00 – 18:00. Join us and experience the art of textiles like never before!

Choose the best answer for question 30:

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned about green or eco labels in paragraph 1?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

The word interpret in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by __________

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

The word others in paragraph 3 refers to __________

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

The word accredited in paragraph 4 is OPPOSITE in meaning to __________

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

Without more transparency, it’s hard for consumers to trust eco labels

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 5?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

Which of the following best summarises the passage?