Câu hỏi:

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

The word interpret in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by __________

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

The word others in paragraph 3 refers to __________

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

The word accredited in paragraph 4 is OPPOSITE in meaning to __________

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

Without more transparency, it’s hard for consumers to trust eco labels

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 5?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. There are now many green or eco labels in the market, which makes it harder for consumers to understand what they mean and how to interpret the labels. These labels show that a product, service, or even a building has been checked by a third party, according to Kelvin Law, an Associate Professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He compares eco labels to laurel wreaths used to award movies, as they highlight products that meet certain environmental standards. Professor Lawrence Loh from the National University of Singapore (NUS) calls them a "first-stop symbol of confidence" for consumers and a tool to fight greenwashing.

2. The Ecolabel Index currently lists 456 eco labels across 25 different industries. [I] These labels can be given by government bodies, non-profits, or private companies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines three types of environmental labels. Type One labels have clear guidelines for products, like the Singapore Green Label, which certifies thousands of products in more than 40 countries. Type Two labels are self-declared, like “recyclable” or “biodegradable.” Type Three labels provide verified information, helping consumers compare similar products. [II]

3. Certification processes can vary greatly, and there is no universal standard, says Assoc Prof Law. Some certifiers only use information from the company asking for the certification, while others gather independent data and test the products. [III] Some processes also include on-site checks and regular monitoring to ensure companies continue to meet the standards.

4. Although certifiers should be accredited to ensure the process is fair, Assoc Prof Law points out that there isn’t enough research on how effective these processes are. [IV] He also notes that when companies pay for certification, there can be conflicts of interest that affect the results.

5. A study on greenwashing revealed that more than half of online environmental claims lacked proper evidence. Prof Loh from NUS mentioned that some companies use false environmental claims to increase sales. Assoc Prof Law stressed the importance of holding companies responsible for these misleading claims, ensuring that truly sustainable companies are not harmed by dishonest marketing.

Which of the following best summarises the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

1. Cultural diversity in art highlights the distinct values, traditions, and behaviors of various cultures. It reflects the unique histories, beliefs, and experiences of different communities, enriching our collective heritage. This diversity plays an essential role in fostering understanding, preserving cultural identities, and promoting social cohesion through the universal language of art. By blending different cultural traditions, artists create new art forms that reflect their personal experiences, enhancing cross-cultural appreciation. This fusion, sometimes termed the ‘contamination’ of styles, enables artists to meld their heritage with external influences, facilitating a deeper appreciation of global cultures.

2. Art functions as a universal medium that transcends cultural boundaries, promoting dialogue and bridging gaps between diverse groups. Engaging with varied artistic expressions not only broadens one’s worldview but also stimulates creativity and innovation. Exposure to different artistic traditions helps explore the similarities and differences between cultures, highlighting universal themes and emotions that unite us all.

3. Cultural festivals and art exhibitions are key in showcasing the diversity of artistic expressions. They not only honor the vibrancy of global cultures but also cultivate empathy and understanding among diverse audiences. The blending of artistic styles in festivals increases the appeal and reach of different traditions. For example, combining jazz with Middle Eastern or Indian music creates new sounds that broaden the cultural understanding of audiences. In visual arts, artists often borrow elements from various traditions, creating a rich intercultural dialogue.

4. Art plays a vital role in bridging cultural divides, promoting understanding and appreciation across communities. By engaging with the art, music, and traditions of different cultures, individuals develop tolerance and contribute to a more inclusive society. These interactions help reduce prejudice and foster unity, strengthening community cohesion and advancing cultural equity.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a role of cultural diversity in the passage?