Điền và chỗ trống từ thích hợp: “Gọi là dịch khi xuất hiện nhiều trường hợp bị bệnh có cùng tính chất và nguyên nhân, trong một khoảng thời gian tương đối ngắn, .......... mắc bệnh cao hơn bình thường ở địa phương đó”.

Câu hỏi đề cập đến trường hợp kết quả xét nghiệm chưa đủ để đưa ra quyết định điều trị. Điều này thường xảy ra với các test phát hiện bệnh (screening test) hoặc test có độ nhạy cao. Các test này thường được sử dụng để sàng lọc ban đầu và cần được xác nhận bằng các test chẩn đoán có độ đặc hiệu cao hơn trước khi tiến hành điều trị. Trong các lựa chọn đưa ra, "Test phát hiện bệnh" phù hợp nhất vì nó chỉ ra rằng cần có các xét nghiệm khác (thường là test chẩn đoán) để xác nhận trước khi điều trị.

Nghiên cứu dịch tễ học phân tích được sử dụng để kiểm tra các giả thuyết về mối quan hệ nhân quả giữa các yếu tố nguy cơ và bệnh tật. Nghiên cứu mô tả chỉ đơn thuần mô tả sự phân bố bệnh tật, trong khi nghiên cứu thực nghiệm can thiệp để thay đổi một yếu tố và quan sát kết quả. Nghiên cứu tương lai không phải là một loại nghiên cứu dịch tễ học cụ thể, mà là một hướng tiếp cận (ví dụ, nghiên cứu кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого 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Tình trạng hôn nhân có ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe thể chất và tinh thần của một người. Các nghiên cứu cho thấy những người ở vậy, góa bụa hoặc ly dị thường có tỷ lệ tử vong cao hơn so với những người có vợ/chồng. Trong các lựa chọn được đưa ra, những người góa bụa thường phải đối mặt với nhiều căng thẳng và cô đơn sau khi mất đi người bạn đời, điều này có thể ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến sức khỏe và làm tăng nguy cơ tử vong.

Đây là bài toán tổ hợp chập 2 của 6. Số các mẫu có kích thước n=2 được tính bằng công thức tổ hợp: C(6,2) = 6! / (2! * (6-2)!) = (6 * 5) / (2 * 1) = 15.