Kết quả của một tes chưa phải là cơ sở cho điều trị, test đó thuộc:

Nghiên cứu dịch tễ học phân tích được sử dụng để kiểm tra các giả thuyết về mối quan hệ nhân quả giữa các yếu tố nguy cơ và bệnh tật. Nghiên cứu mô tả chỉ đơn thuần mô tả sự phân bố bệnh tật, trong khi nghiên cứu thực nghiệm can thiệp để thay đổi một yếu tố và quan sát kết quả. Nghiên cứu tương lai không phải là một loại nghiên cứu dịch tễ học cụ thể, mà là một hướng tiếp cận (ví dụ, nghiên cứu кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого кого 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Tình trạng hôn nhân có ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe thể chất và tinh thần của một người. Các nghiên cứu cho thấy những người ở vậy, góa bụa hoặc ly dị thường có tỷ lệ tử vong cao hơn so với những người có vợ/chồng. Trong các lựa chọn được đưa ra, những người góa bụa thường phải đối mặt với nhiều căng thẳng và cô đơn sau khi mất đi người bạn đời, điều này có thể ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến sức khỏe và làm tăng nguy cơ tử vong.

Đây là bài toán tổ hợp chập 2 của 6. Số các mẫu có kích thước n=2 được tính bằng công thức tổ hợp: C(6,2) = 6! / (2! * (6-2)!) = (6 * 5) / (2 * 1) = 15.

Quy trình thiết kế mẫu bao gồm nhiều giai đoạn quan trọng để đảm bảo tính đại diện và chính xác của mẫu. Trong các lựa chọn được đưa ra, "Xây dựng khung mẫu" là một giai đoạn thiết yếu. Khung mẫu là danh sách đầy đủ các đơn vị trong tổng thể nghiên cứu, từ đó mẫu sẽ được chọn ra. Các lựa chọn khác như xác định biến số (quan trọng trong thiết kế nghiên cứu, nhưng không đặc thù cho thiết kế mẫu), sử dụng bảng số ngẫu nhiên (một kỹ thuật chọn mẫu, nhưng không phải là một giai đoạn độc lập), và lập bảng tần số dồn (một kỹ thuật thống kê mô tả sau khi thu thập dữ liệu) không phải là các giai đoạn thiết yếu trong thiết kế mẫu như việc xây dựng khung mẫu.