Tại sao cần khử trùng mẫu trước khi tiến hành nuôi cấy?

Cho số Avogadro \(\mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{A}}=6,02 \cdot 10^{23}\) hạt \(/ \mathrm{mol}\). Số neutron có trong \(3,5 \mathrm{~g}\) Carbon \({ }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C}\) có giá trị bằng

Khi nam châm dịch chuyển ra xa ống dây (như hình bên), trong ống dây có dòng điện cảm ứng. Nếu nhìn từ phía thanh nam châm vào đầu ống dây thì phát biểu nào sau đây là đúng? 

Trong một cuộc tập luyện chạy Marathon, người ta ước tính "nữ hoàng chân đất" Phạm Thị Bình của Việt Nam (hình bên) tiêu tốn khoảng \(E=2,52 \cdot 10^{6}\) calo (cal). Giả sử có \(40 \%\) năng lượng tiêu tốn được dùng cho vận động, phần năng lượng còn lại chuyển thành nhiệt thải ra ngoài nhờ sự bay hơi của nước qua hô hấp và da để giữ cho nhiệt độ cơ thể của cô không đổi. Coi nhiệt độ cơ thể của cô không đổi và nhiệt hoá hơi riêng của nước ở nhiệt độ của cơ thể của cô là \(L=2,4 \cdot 10^{6} \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{kg}\). Lấy \(1 \mathrm{cal}=4,18 \mathrm{~J}\). Khối lượng riêng của nước là \(D=1,0 \cdot 10^{3} \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\).

Phần năng lượng chuyển thành nhiệt cho cuộc tập luyện này là \(x \cdot 10^{6} \mathrm{~J}\). Tìm \(x\) (làm tròn kết quả đến chữ số hàng phần trăm).

Chụp cộng hưởng từ hay còn gọi là chụp MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) như hình bên là phương pháp sử dụng ........... sóng vô tuyến và máy tính để phác họa hình ảnh chi tiết bên trong cơ thể con người. Cụm từ thích hợp điền vào dấu ............ ở trên là:

Khi làm vỡ nhiệt kế thủy ngân, ta dùng biện pháp nào sau đây để thu gom thủy ngân có hiệu quả nhất?

Strontium \({ }_{38}^{90} \mathrm{Sr}\) là một trong số các bụi phóng xạ nguy hiểm từ các vụ nổ hạt nhân. Chu kì bán rã của \({ }_{38}^{90} \mathrm{Sr}\) là \(T=28,8\) năm. Strontium khi bị bò ăn phải, sẽ tập trung trong sữa của bò và sẽ được lưu lại trong xương của những người uống sữa bò đó. Strontium \({ }_{38}^{90} \mathrm{Sr}\) khi nằm trong xương sẽ phát ra các tia phóng xạ có năng lượng lớn, phá hủy tủy xương và do đó làm suy yếu sự sản xuất tế bào hồng cầu. Strontium \({ }_{38}^{90} \mathrm{Sr}\) có khối lượng mol là \(M=90 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\). Lấy một năm có 365 ngày. Số Avogadro là \(N_{\mathrm{A}}=6,02 \cdot 10^{23} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}\).

Nguyên tử hydrogen có cấu tạo gồm hạt nhân là một proton có điện tích là \(e=1,6.10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\), lớp vỏ là một electron có điện tích là \(-e\). Coi electron trong nguyên tử hydrogen chuyển động tròn đều xung quanh hạt nhân với bán kính quỹ đạo là \(r=5,3 \cdot 10^{-11} \mathrm{~m}\) và vận tốc là \(\vec{v}\) như hình vẽ. Khối lượng của electron là \(m_{\mathrm{e}}=9,1 \cdot 10^{-31} \mathrm{~kg}\).

Read the following passage about lifelong learning and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

[I] Lifelong learning is the ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge for personal or professional development (Knowles, 2020). [II] This concept emphasizes that learning does not stop after formal education, but rather continues throughout an individual's life, adapting to changing circumstances and needs. [III] In today’s fast-paced world, where technology and job markets evolve rapidly, lifelong learning has become increasingly essential. [IV]

One of the primary benefits of lifelong learning is its ability to enhance employability. Individuals who engage in continuous education are more likely to keep their skills relevant and competitive in the job market. According to a report by the World Economic Forum (2021), over 50% of employees will need reskilling due to technological advancements in the coming years. Lifelong learners are better equipped to adapt to these changes, making them more attractive candidates for employers.

Moreover, lifelong learning contributes to personal fulfillment and mental well-being. Engaging in new learning experiences can stimulate the brain, foster creativity, and improve cognitive function. Research indicates that individuals who pursue learning opportunities throughout their lives tend to report higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction (Smith & Johnson, 2019). Whether it is taking a course, learning a new language, or picking up a new hobby, the process of acquiring knowledge can be enriching and enjoyable.

In addition, lifelong learning promotes social engagement and community involvement. Participating in educational programs or community workshops can foster connections with others who share similar interests. This social aspect of learning can enhance one's sense of belonging and support networks, which are crucial for mental health (Jones, 2022).

Overall, lifelong learning is not just an individual responsibility; it requires support from educational institutions, employers, and communities to create an environment conducive to continuous education. By fostering a culture of learning, society can better prepare individuals for the challenges of the future and ensure that everyone has the opportunity to thrive.

(Adapted from The Importance of Lifelong Learning by Knowles, Smith, Johnson, and others)

The phrase "self-motivated pursuit" in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by ____.

Gọi \(p, V\) và \(T\) lần lượt là áp suất, thể tích và nhiệt độ tuyệt đối của một khối khí lí tưởng xác định. Công thức nào sau đây mô tả đúng định luật Boyle?

Read the following passage about lifelong learning and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

[I] Lifelong learning is the ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge for personal or professional development (Knowles, 2020). [II] This concept emphasizes that learning does not stop after formal education, but rather continues throughout an individual's life, adapting to changing circumstances and needs. [III] In today’s fast-paced world, where technology and job markets evolve rapidly, lifelong learning has become increasingly essential. [IV]

One of the primary benefits of lifelong learning is its ability to enhance employability. Individuals who engage in continuous education are more likely to keep their skills relevant and competitive in the job market. According to a report by the World Economic Forum (2021), over 50% of employees will need reskilling due to technological advancements in the coming years. Lifelong learners are better equipped to adapt to these changes, making them more attractive candidates for employers.

Moreover, lifelong learning contributes to personal fulfillment and mental well-being. Engaging in new learning experiences can stimulate the brain, foster creativity, and improve cognitive function. Research indicates that individuals who pursue learning opportunities throughout their lives tend to report higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction (Smith & Johnson, 2019). Whether it is taking a course, learning a new language, or picking up a new hobby, the process of acquiring knowledge can be enriching and enjoyable.

In addition, lifelong learning promotes social engagement and community involvement. Participating in educational programs or community workshops can foster connections with others who share similar interests. This social aspect of learning can enhance one's sense of belonging and support networks, which are crucial for mental health (Jones, 2022).

Overall, lifelong learning is not just an individual responsibility; it requires support from educational institutions, employers, and communities to create an environment conducive to continuous education. By fostering a culture of learning, society can better prepare individuals for the challenges of the future and ensure that everyone has the opportunity to thrive.

(Adapted from The Importance of Lifelong Learning by Knowles, Smith, Johnson, and others)

Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

Trong sóng điện từ, dao động của điện trường và của từ trường tại một điểm luôn...

Read the following passage about lifelong learning and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

[I] Lifelong learning is the ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge for personal or professional development (Knowles, 2020). [II] This concept emphasizes that learning does not stop after formal education, but rather continues throughout an individual's life, adapting to changing circumstances and needs. [III] In today’s fast-paced world, where technology and job markets evolve rapidly, lifelong learning has become increasingly essential. [IV]

One of the primary benefits of lifelong learning is its ability to enhance employability. Individuals who engage in continuous education are more likely to keep their skills relevant and competitive in the job market. According to a report by the World Economic Forum (2021), over 50% of employees will need reskilling due to technological advancements in the coming years. Lifelong learners are better equipped to adapt to these changes, making them more attractive candidates for employers.

Moreover, lifelong learning contributes to personal fulfillment and mental well-being. Engaging in new learning experiences can stimulate the brain, foster creativity, and improve cognitive function. Research indicates that individuals who pursue learning opportunities throughout their lives tend to report higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction (Smith & Johnson, 2019). Whether it is taking a course, learning a new language, or picking up a new hobby, the process of acquiring knowledge can be enriching and enjoyable.

In addition, lifelong learning promotes social engagement and community involvement. Participating in educational programs or community workshops can foster connections with others who share similar interests. This social aspect of learning can enhance one's sense of belonging and support networks, which are crucial for mental health (Jones, 2022).

Overall, lifelong learning is not just an individual responsibility; it requires support from educational institutions, employers, and communities to create an environment conducive to continuous education. By fostering a culture of learning, society can better prepare individuals for the challenges of the future and ensure that everyone has the opportunity to thrive.

(Adapted from The Importance of Lifelong Learning by Knowles, Smith, Johnson, and others)

According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT a benefit of lifelong learning?

Read the following passage about lifelong learning and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

[I] Lifelong learning is the ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge for personal or professional development (Knowles, 2020). [II] This concept emphasizes that learning does not stop after formal education, but rather continues throughout an individual's life, adapting to changing circumstances and needs. [III] In today’s fast-paced world, where technology and job markets evolve rapidly, lifelong learning has become increasingly essential. [IV]

One of the primary benefits of lifelong learning is its ability to enhance employability. Individuals who engage in continuous education are more likely to keep their skills relevant and competitive in the job market. According to a report by the World Economic Forum (2021), over 50% of employees will need reskilling due to technological advancements in the coming years. Lifelong learners are better equipped to adapt to these changes, making them more attractive candidates for employers.

Moreover, lifelong learning contributes to personal fulfillment and mental well-being. Engaging in new learning experiences can stimulate the brain, foster creativity, and improve cognitive function. Research indicates that individuals who pursue learning opportunities throughout their lives tend to report higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction (Smith & Johnson, 2019). Whether it is taking a course, learning a new language, or picking up a new hobby, the process of acquiring knowledge can be enriching and enjoyable.

In addition, lifelong learning promotes social engagement and community involvement. Participating in educational programs or community workshops can foster connections with others who share similar interests. This social aspect of learning can enhance one's sense of belonging and support networks, which are crucial for mental health (Jones, 2022).

Overall, lifelong learning is not just an individual responsibility; it requires support from educational institutions, employers, and communities to create an environment conducive to continuous education. By fostering a culture of learning, society can better prepare individuals for the challenges of the future and ensure that everyone has the opportunity to thrive.

(Adapted from The Importance of Lifelong Learning by Knowles, Smith, Johnson, and others)

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

Nội năng của khối khí giảm 15 J khi truyền cho khối khí một nhiệt lượng 35 J. Khi đó, khối khí đã:

Hình bên mô tả một dynamo gắn trên xe đạp và sơ đồ cấu tạo của nó. Khi xe đạp chạy, bánh xe làm cho núm dẫn động quay, kéo theo nam châm quay. Khi đó trong cuộn dây xuất hiện dòng điện, làm cho bóng đèn mắc nối tiếp với cuộn dây sáng lên.

Dynamo gắn trên xe đạp là một ứng dụng của:

Hình bên dưới là sơ đồ nguyên lí hoạt động của một máy làm nóng nước. Nước lạnh có nhiệt độ \(t_{1}=20,2^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) được đưa vào máy từ ống dẫn nước lạnh với lưu lượng \(\mu=2,50\) lít \(/ \mathrm{phút}\). Khối lượng riêng của nước là \(\rho=1000 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\). Nhiệt dung riêng của nước là \(c=4180 \mathrm{~J} /(\mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{K})\). Hiệu suất làm nóng nước là \(H=95 \%\).Nhiệt độ của nước tăng một lượng bao nhiêu kelvin \((\mathrm{K})\) khi đi qua máy làm nóng nước?

Khoảng giữa tháng 3 năm 2015, khi bàn giao tài sản do thay đổi nhân sự phụ trách an toàn bức xạ, một nhà máy thép tại Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu phát hiện một nguồn phóng xạ \({ }_{27}^{60} \mathrm{Co}\) đã bị thất lạc. Nhà chức trách chỉ đạo phải khẩn cấp tìm nguồn phóng xạ đã bị thất lạc này.

Việc khẩn cấp tìm kiếm nguồn phóng xạ \({ }_{27}^{60} \mathrm{Co}\) bị thất lạc là rất quan trọng vì nguồn này

Read the following passage about lifelong learning and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

[I] Lifelong learning is the ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge for personal or professional development (Knowles, 2020). [II] This concept emphasizes that learning does not stop after formal education, but rather continues throughout an individual's life, adapting to changing circumstances and needs. [III] In today’s fast-paced world, where technology and job markets evolve rapidly, lifelong learning has become increasingly essential. [IV]

One of the primary benefits of lifelong learning is its ability to enhance employability. Individuals who engage in continuous education are more likely to keep their skills relevant and competitive in the job market. According to a report by the World Economic Forum (2021), over 50% of employees will need reskilling due to technological advancements in the coming years. Lifelong learners are better equipped to adapt to these changes, making them more attractive candidates for employers.

Moreover, lifelong learning contributes to personal fulfillment and mental well-being. Engaging in new learning experiences can stimulate the brain, foster creativity, and improve cognitive function. Research indicates that individuals who pursue learning opportunities throughout their lives tend to report higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction (Smith & Johnson, 2019). Whether it is taking a course, learning a new language, or picking up a new hobby, the process of acquiring knowledge can be enriching and enjoyable.

In addition, lifelong learning promotes social engagement and community involvement. Participating in educational programs or community workshops can foster connections with others who share similar interests. This social aspect of learning can enhance one's sense of belonging and support networks, which are crucial for mental health (Jones, 2022).

Overall, lifelong learning is not just an individual responsibility; it requires support from educational institutions, employers, and communities to create an environment conducive to continuous education. By fostering a culture of learning, society can better prepare individuals for the challenges of the future and ensure that everyone has the opportunity to thrive.

(Adapted from The Importance of Lifelong Learning by Knowles, Smith, Johnson, and others)

Where in paragraph I does the following sentence best fit?

Lifelong learning encourages individuals to embrace new skills and knowledge throughout their lives.

Một khối khí lí tưởng xác định có thể tích bằng \(V_{0}\). Nếu giữ áp suất của khối khí đó không đổi và làm cho thể tích của khối khí tăng lên bằng \(2 V_{0}\) thì nhiệt độ tuyệt đối của khối khí.

Một lò nấu luyện nhôm sử dụng điện, trung bình nấu chảy được 400 kg nhôm trong mỗi lần luyện. Biết nhiệt nóng chảy riêng của nhôm là \(4 \cdot 10^{5} \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{kg}\).

Nhiệt lượng cần cung cấp để nấu chảy hoàn toàn nhôm ở nhiệt độ nóng chảy trong mỗi lần luyện là