Sự kiện nào đánh dấu chủ nghĩa tư bản chính thức được xác lập ở châu Âu và Bắc Mỹ?

Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. 

Nomophobia, short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today's digital age.

What is nomophobia? It is the irrational fear of being without one's mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one's phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one's phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

Who easily suffers from nomophobia? Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity.

The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

Which of the following is not mentioned as nomophobia?

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 20 to 29.

We are living through a boom in greenwashing - the strategic use of comforting environmental claims to disguise business-as-usual pollution. Picture a chief executive whose company emits millions of tonnes of CO2 Genuine decarbonisation would require bruising boardroom discussions, huge capital outlays, and a complete redesign of the firm's model. Far easier is to hire a creative agency to plaster products with labels such as "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero," calming critics, investors, and even eco-conscious children while emissions continue unsolved.

This tactic meets consumers at every tum. Airline websites promise guilt-free flights, petrol pumps boast zero- - Impact fuel, and even supermarket bacon is marketed as net-zero. [1] Advertising trickery is ancient, yet today's greenwashing - the practice of deliberately covering ongoing pollution in eco-friendly language - has flourished only recently. The expression surfaced in the 1980s amid oil spills and growing climate science, but the real explosion has come as public anxiety over global heating and biodiversity loss has intensified. Faced with mounting scrutiny, many boards prefer glossy PR to structural reform. Such corporate sleight of hand has become so pervasive that regulators in Europe and the United States are scrambling to tighten rules on environmental claims, yet enforcement still lags behind marketing creativity. [II] The fossil-fuel sector exemplifies the issue. After decades covertly sowing doubt about climate science, oil and gas giants have grasped that direct denial is reputationally toxic. They have therefore swapped their denial tactics for a "green" paint-sprayer, trumpeting token investments in renewables while expanding drilling.

Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the emission cuts urgently required to avert climate breakdown. [III] Whereas denial invites opposition, greenwashing lulls the public into believing problems are already solved. Under this collective illusion, pressure on high-emitting firms evaporates and the radical decisions needed to transform energy, transport, and food systems are delayed indefinitely. [IV] Greenwashing thus acts as a soothing lullaby, leading society toward ecological ruin with a tune of comforting half- truths. Exposing this deception is essential If clichés are to be replaced by real, measurable emission cuts.

(Adapted from https:/www.greenpeace.org.uk)

The word They in paragraph 2 refers to _________.

Read the following passage about the impact of social media on mental health and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

[I] In recent years, social media platforms have become a central part of daily life, offering users countless ways to connect, share, and communicate. [II] While these platforms offer many advantages, experts have noted rising concerns about their effects on mental health, particularly among young people (Smith & Anderson, 2018). [III] Studies reveal that excessive social media use can contribute to feelings of anxiety, depression, and loneliness, despite its intention to promote connection and social interaction (Twenge & Campbell, 2019). [IV]

A primary reason for these mental health concerns is the tendency for social media users to compare themselves to others. Platforms like Instagram and Facebook often highlight idealized lifestyles, leading users to feel inadequate about their own lives. Additionally, the constant notifications and messages contribute to a "fear of missing out," or FOMO, which keeps individuals in a cycle of checking their phones, often reducing the quality of sleep and overall well-being.

There is also a growing body of research suggesting a link between social media use and decreased attention spans. When users frequently switch between apps and notifications, their ability to focus for extended periods may diminish (Rosen, 2019). This shift in attention can interfere with productivity, especially in academic and professional settings, where sustained focus is essential.

Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach. Some mental health professionals suggest limiting screen time and setting boundaries, such as "device-free" hours before bedtime. Others recommend engaging in offline activities, like reading or exercising, to reduce dependence on social media and build healthier habits. According to psychologists, such strategies can enhance mental resilience and allow for more meaningful, balanced relationships (Robinson & Smith, 2020).

The phrase "fear of missing out" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by ____.

Cung và cầu có mối quan hệ như thế nào trong nền kinh tế thị trường?

Nhận định nào đúng về tình hình cung - cầu lao động trên thị trường ở Việt Nam năm 2021 trong thông tin dưới đây?

"Năm 2021, lực lượng lao động từ 15 tuổi trở lên của Việt Nam đạt 50,6 triệu người. Trong đó, lao động đang làm việc trong các ngành kinh tế là 49,1 triệu người. Tỉ lệ thất nghiệp của lực lượng lao động trong độ tuổi ước tính là 3,20%, tỉ lệ thiếu việc làm của lao động trong độ tuổi là 3,10%".

Cho hàm số \(y=f(x)=\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{9-x}\).

Cần thực hiện một joule công để di chuyển một coulomb điện tích từ điểm này sang điểm khác mà không thay đổi vận tốc. Câu nào sau đây là đúng giữa hai điểm?

Có mấy ứng dụng cơ giới hóa trong trồng trọt được giới thiệu?

 Việc lựa chọn tiêu dùng những hàng hóa thân thiện với môi trường, không sử dụng những sản phẩm chế biến từ động vật hoang dã, sản phẩm của những doanh nghiệp gây ô nhiễm, tàn phá môi trường, gây độc hại đến sức khỏe con người thể hiện nội dung gì của chủ thể tiêu dùng?

Câu nào sử dụng phép so sánh chuỗi?

You are attending a friend’s birthday party where many of his friends are playing a lively game with balloons. You are quite shy and don’t know those friends However, you want to be part of the game. What can you say to play the game?

Dựa vào thông tin dưới đây để trả lời câu hỏi dưới.

CÁC LOẠI ĐẤT CHÍNH Ở ĐỒNG BẰNG SÔNG CỬU LONG

(Nguồn: SGK tr.186 địa lí 12, NXB Giáo dục Việt Nam)

Đặc điểm nào sau đây của đất ở vùng Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long thuận lợi để phát triển vùng chuyên canh cây lương thực?

Trong thí nghiệm giao thoa Young, nguồn sóng có bước sóng là 600 nm; khoảng cách giữa hai khe hẹp là 2 mm; khoảng cách giữa hai khe đến màn là 2 m. Khoảng vân là