Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Join Earth Hour - Make a Difference!

Each year, Earth Hour encourages people worldwide to turn off their lights for one hour, helping (7)______ positive environmental change. This movement shows how the (8)______ of people acting together can make a huge impact. (9)______ rising pollution and energy consumption, Earth Hour reminds us to consider our power usage and how it affects the planet. By turning off non-essential lights, we help reduce emissions and protect (10)______ natural resources that support our environment. In this event, we transmit a strong (11)______  of unity and responsibility toward future generations. Join us on this journey; every small action counts. Your (12)______ to this movement is valid, meaningful, and impactful. Together, let’s show that we care about a sustainable future.

Be a part of Earth Hour – your actions matter!

Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Join Earth Hour - Make a Difference!

Each year, Earth Hour encourages people worldwide to turn off their lights for one hour, helping (7)______ positive environmental change. This movement shows how the (8)______ of people acting together can make a huge impact. (9)______ rising pollution and energy consumption, Earth Hour reminds us to consider our power usage and how it affects the planet. By turning off non-essential lights, we help reduce emissions and protect (10)______ natural resources that support our environment. In this event, we transmit a strong (11)______  of unity and responsibility toward future generations. Join us on this journey; every small action counts. Your (12)______ to this movement is valid, meaningful, and impactful. Together, let’s show that we care about a sustainable future.

Be a part of Earth Hour – your actions matter!

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

During the 1960s and '70s, industrialised countries suffered a(n) ______(1), and violent crimes such as muggings increased at an alarming rate. What is more, it was expected to ______(2) worse. Only it didn't. Instead, it got much, much better. In the 1990s, crime started to fall dramatically, and today it is down by almost 50% across the industrialised world and continues to fall. Triumphant politicians will assert that their policies have cut crime. Actually______(3) of the country's policies, the trend does coincide ______(4) the use and subsequent prohibition of tetraethyl lead in petrol, ______(5) for years as a cause of aggressive behaviour. Therefore, countries that still use leaded petrol are being urged to stop ______(6) it to help improve health and crime prevention.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

How could Ms. Greene afford ________that mansion?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

          Teaching children to become (24) ___________ is a gradual and rewarding process. Children should be encouraged to take on small responsibilities at home, such as tidying their rooms or setting the table. (25) _______, parents need to balance between offering guidance and allowing them to explore their capabilities themselves. While providing praise and positive reinforcement can boost their confidence, parents (26) ________ avoid micromanaging their every move. Wise parents will adopt a relaxed attitude and take cues from their children. It is advisable that parents provide gentle guidance, (27) _________ children to learn from their mistakes instead of immediately solving problems for them. As parents, creating a supportive environment, (28) ___________ children feel comfortable expressing their thoughts and feelings, is indispensable for fostering their emotional well-being. By nurturing their independence in these small ways, children can develop the skills and confidence needed to navigate life with increasing autonomy.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17

a. Because it contains no wood or bark, the banana plant is not really a tree.

b. The banana plant is one of the largest plants in the world.

c. Because of its unusual size, it is sometimes called a banana "tree".

d. It sometimes attains a height of thirty feet and may be more than a foot in diameter.

e. The stem of this plant, however, consists of leaves extending one over another.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Susan _______ you a message, but I’m not sure.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. Recycling is one of the most effective ways, as it transforms plastic waste into new products and reduces the need for new plastic production.

b. Finally, educating people about the impact of plastic waste can encourage more responsible disposal habits and reduce overall plastic usage.

c. Another solution is to use biodegradable alternatives to plastics, which break down faster and have less impact on the environment.

d. Reducing plastic waste requires a variety of approaches to be successful.

e. Additionally, governments can implement policies to limit single-use plastics and promote reusable items in daily life.

For each question, choose the correct answer. Question 31 to 35.

Listen to a boy talking to a girl about his laptop. What does the girl offer to do?

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

The Importance of Green Buildings

Green buildings are designed to be environmentally friendly and resource-efficient throughout their entire lifecycle. (18) _______ while improving the quality of life for occupants.

By saving water, energy, and materials, and by using renewable energy and sustainable materials, green buildings aim to lower emissions and reduce waste. (19) _______. Since the building sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, green buildings have the greatest potential to help lower these emissions.

A significant benefit of green buildings is their economic impact. Developers gain higher property values, while occupants enjoy reduced costs, improved comfort, and better efficiency. (20) _______, which boosts employee performance and well-being. (21) _______.

With the support of policies and standards, green buildings have made significant progress in reducing energy use and environmental harm. (22) _______. Balancing economic and environmental goals ensures their success globally.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. [I] Invasive species pose a significant threat to ecosystems, wildlife, and human activities. [II] These species can include amphibians like cane toads, plants, insects, fish, fungi, bacteria, or even seeds and eggs that are not native to a specific area. [III] Not all invasive species come from other countries. [IV] For example, lake trout, native to the Great Lakes, are considered invasive in Yellowstone Lake because they compete with native cutthroat trout for habitat and resources.

2. Human activities are the primary way invasive species spread, often unintentionally. Global travel and trade allow species to move quickly across ecosystems. Ships can carry aquatic organisms in their ballast water, while smaller boats transport species on their propellers. Insects can travel in wooden shipping crates or pallets, and ornamental plants may escape into the wild and spread. Released pets, like Burmese pythons in the Everglades, can also become invasive. Additionally, climate change worsens the situation by enabling invasive plants, like kudzu, and pests, like the mountain pine beetle, to expand into new areas.

3. Invasive species harm wildlife in various ways. Without natural predators, they can reproduce quickly and dominate ecosystems. Native animals often lack defenses or cannot compete with these aggressive species, which leads to disruptions in the ecosystem and poses serious challenges for native wildlife.

4. Direct threats from invasive species include preying on native wildlife, spreading diseases, and competing for food and resources. Indirectly, invasive species disrupt ecosystems by reducing biodiversity, destroying native food sources, and altering habitats. For instance, aggressive plants like kudzu can create monocultures, replacing diverse ecosystems. Some invasive species even change soil chemistry or increase wildfire risks. Preventing the spread of invasive species is essential to protect ecosystems and maintain biodiversity.

Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, comparable to rain forests and coral reefs. These areas support a wide variety of species, including microbes, plants, insects, birds, fish, and mammals. Factors such as climate, landscape, geology, and water availability determine the types of plants and animals that live in wetlands. The relationships among these organisms create complex food webs, where each species plays a role in maintaining the ecosystem.

2. [I] Wetlands are often called "biological supermarkets" because they produce large amounts of food that attract many species. [II] Dead plant material, known as "detritus," enriches the water and provides nutrients for small aquatic insects, shellfish, and fish. [III] Many animals rely on wetlands for food, water, and shelter, especially during migration and breeding. [IV]

3. The ecological role of wetlands is closely linked to their surrounding watersheds. A watershed is an area where water flows to a common outlet, such as a river or lake. Wetlands are essential for maintaining the health of watersheds as they provide shallow water, high nutrient levels, and support organisms at the base of the food web. These ecosystems are integral to many species of fish, shellfish, and insects.

4. In addition to their ecological benefits, wetlands contribute to global environmental processes. They store carbon in their plants and soil, reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and helping to regulate the global climate. Wetlands are also involved in natural water, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles.

5. Humans benefit significantly from wetlands. They provide resources like fish, shellfish, timber, berries, and medicines. Wetlands also protect against floods, improve water quality, prevent shoreline erosion, and offer recreational opportunities. Far from being unimportant, wetlands provide unique environmental and human benefits.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. Toan: I think it would help. I've noticed more people bringing their own bottles.

b. Toan: The visitors have been more careful with their plastic usage recently.

c. Hung: That's exactly what we want to see. Let's continue promoting the message.

d. Hung: That's encouraging! Maybe we should do a small survey to track the changes.

e. Toan: I'll talk to some more visitors tomorrow to keep the momentum going.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. Protecting our planet is crucial for future generations. Simple actions like recycling, conserving water, and reducing waste can make a significant difference.

b. Education is key; by raising awareness about environmental issues, we can inspire others to take action.

c. In conclusion, it is our responsibility to protect the environment. Together, we can create a healthier, more sustainable world for everyone.

d. The environment is essential for our survival, yet it faces numerous threats from pollution, deforestation, and climate change. 

e. Planting trees helps combat air pollution and supports wildlife. Additionally, using public transport or biking reduces carbon emissions. 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the  correct answer to each of the questions from 29 to 33.

Many young people strive to be independent. That means you are able to take care of yourself, and you don't have to rely on anyone else. However, to live independently, you need a number of life skills in order not to depend on your parents and older brothers or sisters. One of the most important skills is time management which can help you build your confidence and self-esteem. With good time management skills, you can perform your daily tasks, including your responsibilities at school and at home with pleasing results. Moreover, you will not feel stressed when exam dates are approaching. These skills can also help you act more independently and responsibly, get better grades at school and have more time for your family and friends. 

Developing time-management skills is not as challenging as you may think. Firstly, make a plan for things you need to do, including appointments and deadlines. Using a diary or apps on mobile devices will remind you of what you need to accomplish and when you need to accomplish it. Secondly, prioritize your activities. You need to decide which tasks are the most urgent and important and then, concentrate on these first. This way, you may not be at a loss to deal with too much work at the same time. Thirdly, develop routines because routines, when established, take less time for you to do your tasks. 

Time management skills are not hard to develop; once you master them, you will find out that they are great keys to success and you can become independent. 

What is the main idea of the passage? 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Sociability is a great asset to a salesman. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

It is lack of confidence _______ prevents young people from making success.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. [I] Invasive species pose a significant threat to ecosystems, wildlife, and human activities. [II] These species can include amphibians like cane toads, plants, insects, fish, fungi, bacteria, or even seeds and eggs that are not native to a specific area. [III] Not all invasive species come from other countries. [IV] For example, lake trout, native to the Great Lakes, are considered invasive in Yellowstone Lake because they compete with native cutthroat trout for habitat and resources.

2. Human activities are the primary way invasive species spread, often unintentionally. Global travel and trade allow species to move quickly across ecosystems. Ships can carry aquatic organisms in their ballast water, while smaller boats transport species on their propellers. Insects can travel in wooden shipping crates or pallets, and ornamental plants may escape into the wild and spread. Released pets, like Burmese pythons in the Everglades, can also become invasive. Additionally, climate change worsens the situation by enabling invasive plants, like kudzu, and pests, like the mountain pine beetle, to expand into new areas.

3. Invasive species harm wildlife in various ways. Without natural predators, they can reproduce quickly and dominate ecosystems. Native animals often lack defenses or cannot compete with these aggressive species, which leads to disruptions in the ecosystem and poses serious challenges for native wildlife.

4. Direct threats from invasive species include preying on native wildlife, spreading diseases, and competing for food and resources. Indirectly, invasive species disrupt ecosystems by reducing biodiversity, destroying native food sources, and altering habitats. For instance, aggressive plants like kudzu can create monocultures, replacing diverse ecosystems. Some invasive species even change soil chemistry or increase wildfire risks. Preventing the spread of invasive species is essential to protect ecosystems and maintain biodiversity.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way invasive species enter a region?

Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. To combat poaching, one important solution is to strengthen security in wildlife reserves.

b. Informing local communities and the general public about the consequences of poaching can lead to more support for protection efforts.

c. Additionally, carrying out educational campaigns can help raise awareness about the importance of wildlife conservation.

d. Both government organizations and NGOs should work together to promote these initiatives effectively.

e. Increasing the number of rangers and surveillance systems can help protect endangered animals.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, comparable to rain forests and coral reefs. These areas support a wide variety of species, including microbes, plants, insects, birds, fish, and mammals. Factors such as climate, landscape, geology, and water availability determine the types of plants and animals that live in wetlands. The relationships among these organisms create complex food webs, where each species plays a role in maintaining the ecosystem.

2. [I] Wetlands are often called "biological supermarkets" because they produce large amounts of food that attract many species. [II] Dead plant material, known as "detritus," enriches the water and provides nutrients for small aquatic insects, shellfish, and fish. [III] Many animals rely on wetlands for food, water, and shelter, especially during migration and breeding. [IV]

3. The ecological role of wetlands is closely linked to their surrounding watersheds. A watershed is an area where water flows to a common outlet, such as a river or lake. Wetlands are essential for maintaining the health of watersheds as they provide shallow water, high nutrient levels, and support organisms at the base of the food web. These ecosystems are integral to many species of fish, shellfish, and insects.

4. In addition to their ecological benefits, wetlands contribute to global environmental processes. They store carbon in their plants and soil, reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and helping to regulate the global climate. Wetlands are also involved in natural water, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles.

5. Humans benefit significantly from wetlands. They provide resources like fish, shellfish, timber, berries, and medicines. Wetlands also protect against floods, improve water quality, prevent shoreline erosion, and offer recreational opportunities. Far from being unimportant, wetlands provide unique environmental and human benefits.

Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Emotional Regulation: A Key to Teen Mental Health

Emotional regulation is a key part of mental health for teenagers but is often overlooked. It is the ability to manage intense feelings like anger and anxiety. (18) _______, teenagers may experience increased stress, leading to depression or other mental health challenges.

One key part of emotional regulation is understanding what causes certain emotions. Hormonal changes often lead to stress and emotional intensity in teenagers. The responsibilities of growing independence can further increase these challenges. (19) _______.

Building resilience is a key part of emotional regulation. Teens, supported by habits like problem-solving and viewing failure as a chance to grow, can handle challenges more confidently. (20) _______, they gain emotional support that helps them stay positive. These relationships are essential for fostering an optimistic outlook.

(21) _______. Providing nurturing environments, teaching emotional intelligence, and improving communication are all necessary steps. By focusing on emotional regulation, teens can not only manage stress but also gain essential life skills, (22) _______.