Quyền và nghĩa vụ của cơ quan, tổ chức, đơn vị, cá nhân có liên quan đến ngân sách nhà nước được quy định cụ thể ở văn bản pháp luật nào?

Phiên mã ngược là quá trình tổng hợp DNA dựa trên khuôn mẫu RNA. Quá trình này được xúc tác bởi một loại enzyme đặc biệt gọi là enzyme phiên mã ngược (RT: reverse transcriptase). Enzyme này có cả hoạt tính DNA polymerase và hoạt tính RNase H. Cũng giống như DNA polymerase trong quá trình tái bản DNA, enzyme phiên mã ngược đòi hỏi phải có primer (mồi) đặc biệt để tổng hợp nên DNA mới.

Enzyme phiên mã ngược được phát hiện lần đầu tiên ở retrovirus. Sau khi các retrovirus đi vào tế bào vật chủ, genome của RNA của nó sẽ được phiên mã ngược thành DNA sợi đôi, rồi tích hợp vào DNA của vật chủ.

Tại sao hiện tượng phiên mã ngược thường được phát hiện ở retrovirus?

Read the following passage about education in Nepal and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

An education pioneer born into rural poverty in Nepal has opened 30 schools in a bid to boost prospects for his country's children.

The World Bank ranks Nepal as the globe's 31st poorest country, with almost 10 million people living on daily incomes between £1.48 and £2.50. Many rural villages remain unreached by government schooling and adult literacy stood at just 60 per cent in 2011.

Surya Karki and his charity United World Schools Nepal (UWS) are tackling high illiteracy and poverty rates by funding and improving education.

The first school opened in 2015 – since then 92 per cent of children have completed primary education, which finishes at age eight, and continued into secondary education with UWS schools. In comparison to 39 per cent of students continuing education who attended government schools.

Mr Karki was born into poverty in rural Nepal. Speaking to the Telegraph he said: “School is the only solution to the poverty cycle that we live in. I was raised by a single mother in a male-dominated society.

“The school that I went to was approximately two hours walk away. My house was on top of a hill and my mother had to drag me across rivers. We used to walk 10 miles a day. The schooling was really bad.”

Of the students who would go to school, he said: “They would end up in the same place, as cheap migrant workers in Qatar, Saudi, or Dubai. There was no value in education – no success stories.”

[A] Karki’s mother was a firm believer in education, and at age eight Karki secured a scholarship to study in the capital, Kathmandu. [B] From there he won scholarships and completed Masters degrees in China and the United States. [C] Karki said. “Inequalities in a country can only be decreased if there is access to knowledge.” [D]

The devastating earthquake in 2015 damaged 9,300 schools, displacing hundreds of thousands of families and pushing 700,000 people into poverty. As of January 2018, only 2,891 schools had been rebuilt. Karki said: “We came at a crucial time, where we could redo or undo what had been done badly. Education was really bad in terms of infrastructure, quality of teachers, training. It was an opportunity for us to really make things better.”

UWS Nepal has so far built 30 schools and has seven more in construction. The schools run between 10 am and 3:30 pm, and have an 86 per cent average attendance rate, which Karki says is almost double the attendance rates for government schools in the vicinity. Sexual health classes are taught to the children in the later years.

The word “undo” in the passage mostly means ______.

Anh T là chủ của một công ty chuyên sản xuất giày dép, hằng ngày anh đến công ty giám sát và hướng dẫn nhân viên cách làm ra sản phẩm chuẩn. Sản phẩm của công ty anh T được rất nhiều người tiêu dùng tin tưởng sử dụng. Trong trường hợp trên, anh T tham gia vào nền kinh tế với vai trò là chủ thể gì?

Giám định y khoa phục vụ cho việc phá án, xét xử; khám nghiệm tử thi; kiểm tra tình trạng sức khỏe, kiểm tra các dấu hiệu thân thể bị xâm phạm; khám nghiệm hiện trường là hoạt động nghề nghiệp của ai?

Read the following passage about Choosing a career and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

          Choosing a career is a significant decision (18) _________. However, choosing a career can be a daunting task. To make an informed decision, it is essential to consider various factors, such as personal interests, skills, and values.

          One of the most important factors to consider is personal interests. (19) _________. By pursuing a career that aligns with your passions, you are more likely to be motivated and satisfied.

          Another important factor is skills and abilities. Self-awareness is the key to (20) _________. Identifying your strengths and weaknesses can help you choose a career path that suits your skills and talents.

          In addition to personal interests and skills, it is crucial to consider the job market and industry trends. (21) _________. Researching different career paths and staying up-to-date on industry developments can help you make informed decisions.

          To make the most of your career journey, it is essential to be proactive and take steps to develop your skills and network with professionals in your desired field. (22) _________. By continuously learning and adapting, you can increase your chances of success.

Phát biểu nào là phù hợp nhất về khái niệm bit?

Ý nào sau đây phản ánh đúng biểu hiện của đạo đức kinh doanh trong mối quan hệ giữa chủ thể sản xuất với người lao động?

Đặc điểm của ngôn ngữ định nghĩa dữ liệu là gì?

Nguyên nhân của hiện tượng biển tiến, biển thoái là do đâu?

Hệ thống truyền lực gồm các bộ phận chính nào?

Nguyên nhân xuất hiện cục diện hai chính quyền song song tồn tại ở Nga sau cách mạng tháng Hai là gì?

Xác định: Nhân tố nào ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng hoạt động và phát triển của ngành bưu chính viễn thông?

Từ thông qua một diện tích S không phụ thuộc vào

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

In an era of increasing global awareness, debates around sustainable practices such as fair trade, organic farming, and recycling are gaining prominence. Farmers in developing countries are among the most vulnerable people, dependent on world commodity markets, middlemen, and unpredictable weather. 

(I)Fair trade arrangements aim to support cooperative groups by guaranteeing prices above the world market rate and additional bonuses. (II) However, critics argue that fair trade may not lift a country out of poverty. (III)They claim that most of the money generated from sales goes to wealthy countries that promote these products. (IV)In fact, only about 5% of the sale price of a fair-trade chocolate bar (retailing for £1.73 in the UK) reaches the poor country.

Another significant trend is the rise of organic food, marketed as being free of chemicals, which appeals to consumers concerned about the dangers of chemicals in food. These chemicals are suspected of causing various health problems, including cancer and developmental issues in children. Despite these concerns, British farmers have not converted to organic farming in large enough numbers to meet the demand. As a result, supermarkets often import organic vegetables from distant countries, contributing to higher greenhouse gas emissions due to transportation. Environmentalists are now urging consumers to buy locally grown vegetables, even if they are pesticide-treated, suggesting a good wash can minimize the risk.

In recent years, a shift has occurred in how we handle waste. Once content to bury it in landfills or dump it at sea, we are now encouraged to recycle and treat waste as a resource. This shift has led to more widespread kerbside collections for various materials like paper, plastic, and metal. However, recycling has unintended consequences. Most of the UK's recyclables are sent to China or India, which incurs additional environmental costs from transportation. In these countries, workers often sort waste under dangerous conditions. Sometimes, materials that are sorted at home still end up in landfills because the market for them fluctuates.

While efforts to promote sustainability are commendable, they require constant evaluation to ensure they truly benefit people and the environment, rather than creating new inequalities or environmental harm.

Which of the following best summarizes the main point of the passage?

Nếu điện tích dịch chuyển trong điện trường sao cho thế năng của nó tăng thì công của của lực điện trường

Đâu là ý đúng: Điều nào không đúng với vai trò của quan hệ cạnh tranh?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

     Technology can exert its power on almost every aspect of our lives, and personal relationships are no exception. We are now becoming more attached to technological devices and less connected to the people around us or even our loved ones (18)_________.

     We work longer hours on computers, meet fewer friends, text more often, and watch more videos than have a true conversation with friends or family members. Relationships at home and at work (19)_______. Social media links us all together, but we mistake them for a perfect replacement for relationships. It is time we realised that the power of connections is built from our own efforts. Choosing to stay technologically connected, (20_________, listening, understanding, and sharing feelings. (21)_________.

     It is not difficult to balance between connections through technology and those through real interactions. (22)_________. We should spend more time visiting our parents and siblings, besides keeping in touch with them on social media. We should learn to cherish the moments we spend with them. It is never too late to strengthen the bonds with school friends and teachers.