Phương trình \(2{x^2} - 6x + 4 = 3\sqrt {{x^3} + 8} \) có hai nghiệm dạng \(x = a \pm b\sqrt {13} \) với \(a,b \in \mathbb{N}\). Tính \({a^2} - b\)?
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Điều kiện: \({x^3} + 8 \ge 0 \Leftrightarrow {x^3} \ge {( - 2)^3} \Leftrightarrow x \ge - 2\).
Phương trình tương đương:
\(2\left( {{x^2} - 2x + 4} \right) - 2(x + 2) - 3\sqrt {(x + 2)\left( {{x^2} - 2x + 4} \right)} = 0.\)
Chia hai vế phương trình cho \({x^2} - 2x + 4\) (với \({x^2} - 2x + 4 = {(x - 1)^2} + 3 \ne 0,\forall x \in \mathbb{R}\)), ta được: \(2 - 2\left( {\frac{{x + 2}}{{{x^2} - 2x + 4}}} \right) - 3\sqrt {\frac{{x + 2}}{{{x^2} - 2x + 4}}} = 0\).
Đặt \(t = \sqrt {\frac{{x + 2}}{{{x^2} - 2x + 4}}} (t \ge 0)\).
Phương trình trở thành: \(2 - 2{t^2} - 3t = 0 \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}{t = \frac{1}{2}{\rm{ (n) }}}\\{t = - 2{\rm{ (l) }}}\end{array}} \right.\).
Với \(t = \frac{1}{2}\) thì \(\sqrt {\frac{{x + 2}}{{{x^2} - 2x + 4}}} = \frac{1}{2} \Leftrightarrow 4(x + 2) = {x^2} - 2x + 4 \Leftrightarrow x = 3 \pm \sqrt {13} \) (nhận).
Do vậy: \(a = 3,b = 1 \Rightarrow {a^2} - b = 8\).
Đáp án C.
Bộ Đề Kiểm Tra Giữa Học Kì II - Toán 10 - (Năm 2023 - 2024) - Các Trường THCS Trên Toàn Quốc được biên soạn nhằm giúp học sinh tiếp cận và làm quen với dạng câu hỏi trắc nghiệm thường gặp trong các bài kiểm tra. Tài liệu hỗ trợ rèn luyện khả năng tư duy và ứng dụng kiến thức vào giải quyết các vấn đề.
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