Cho phản ứng khử Fe₂O₃ bằng CO để sản xuất gang và thép như sau:

Fe₂O₃ + 3CO \(\xrightarrow{{{t}^{o}}}\) 2Fe + 3CO₂

Trong phản ứng này, chất khử là

Một chất điểm dao động điều hòa trên trục Ox có phương trình x = 8cos(πt + π/4) (cm). Gốc tọa độ ở vị trí cân bằng. Gốc thời gian (t = 0) được chọn lúc chất điểm có li độ và vận tốc là:

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questionsfrom 31 to 40.

[I] Social media has become a dominant force in modern communication, offering a range of benefits and challenges. [II] It has revolutionized the way people interact, share information, and even form relationships. [III] While these platforms offer opportunities for connection and expression, they also have their drawbacks. [IV] For instance, excessive use of social media has been linked to a range of negative effects, including mental health issues, social isolation, and decreased productivity. [V] However, when used responsibly, social media can also offer a variety of positive outcomes, such as the ability to stay connected with loved ones, network professionally, and access valuable information and resources.

One of the major benefits of social media is its ability to keep people connected. For example, individuals who live far apart can maintain close relationships through regular communication on these platforms. Social media also facilitates professional networking, allowing users to connect with potential employers or clients, and enabling companies to promote their products and services to a global audience. Additionally, platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram provide a space for people to share ideas, opinions, and creative work, fostering a sense of community and collaboration.

Despite these advantages, there are serious concerns about the negative impact of social media, particularly on mental health. Studies have shown that excessive social media use can contribute to feelings of anxiety, depression, and loneliness. This is often attributed to the unrealistic portrayals of life that are commonly shared on these platforms, leading to comparisons that can make individuals feel inadequate or left out. Furthermore, constant exposure to negative news or online bullying can exacerbate these feelings and contribute to long-term psychological stress.

Another issue with social media is its potential to distract people from their daily responsibilities. With notifications constantly popping up and endless streams of content to scroll through, individuals may find it difficult to focus on tasks such as work, school, or personal obligations. This can result in decreased productivity and a lack of attention to important matters.

Ultimately, the impact of social media depends on how it is used. If individuals are mindful of their usage patterns and take steps to limit their time on these platforms, they can enjoy the benefits of staying connected and informed without the negative consequences. Parents, educators, and mental health professionals can also play a role in helping young people develop healthy habits and manage their social media use effectively.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Thị trường có mấy chức năng chủ yếu?

Hệ nhị phân là nền tảng của tất cả các công nghệ số, bao gồm máy tính và các thiết bị điện tử. Hệ nhị phân cho phép biểu diễn các số và dữ liệu dưới dạng nhị phân. Nó đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc lưu trữ, xử lý và truyền tải thông tin trong các hệ thống điện tử hiện đại.

Dưới đây là một số nhận xét về thông tin trên:

Biểu thức nào sau đây là tam thức bậc hai

Cho góc \(x\left(0^{\circ} \leq x \leq 180^{\circ}\right)\) thỏa mãn \(\cos x=\frac{1}{4}\). Giá trị của \(P=\frac{\tan ^{2} x-\tan x+3 \cot x}{\frac{1}{2 \cos x}-5 \tan x+30 \cot ^{2} x}\) là

Trong các câu sau, câu nào KHÔNG mắc lỗi dùng từ?

Read the following passage about the Pathways from Today's Actions to Tomorrow's World and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

As we stand at the crossroads of environmental decision-making, the actions we take today will shape our world in 2050. Scientists warn that we're skating on thin ice with current consumption patterns and carbon emissions. Global temperatures could rise by 2-4 degrees Celsius unless significant changes occur within the next decade. Many countries have pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, but these promises require immediate implementation. Individual choices in transportation, energy usage, and consumption can collectively influence whether future generations inherit a sustainable planet or face severe climate consequences.

[I] Technological innovation represents our greatest hope for addressing environmental challenges by 2050. [II] Renewable energy sources like solar and wind are becoming increasingly affordable, potentially replacing fossil fuels entirely within thirty years. [III] Electric vehicles may dominate transportation networks, while vertical farming could transform food production in urban areas. [IV] However, these technological solutions must be developed and deployed equitably to avoid creating new disparities between wealthy and developing nations.

Social structures will undergo dramatic transformation by 2050 as demographic shifts reshape communities worldwide. Aging populations in developed countries will necessitate new approaches to healthcare, retirement, and social support systems. Meanwhile, climate migration may force millions to relocate from vulnerable coastal and drought-prone regions. Education systems must evolve to prepare our students for jobs that don't yet exist, emphasizing their adaptability and lifelong learning. Cities will need to become more resilient, incorporating green spaces and sustainable infrastructure to support growing populations.

Economic models must fundamentally change by 2050 to balance prosperity with environmental responsibility. The traditional focus on continuous growth may shift toward measuring success through wellbeing indicators rather than GDP alone. Circular economy principles will likely replace linear production models, with products designed for reuse and recycling. Resource-sharing platforms may become more prevalent, reducing individual consumption while maintaining living standards. Companies implementing genuinely sustainable practices will thrive, while those clinging to environmentally harmful methods may disappear entirely. The transition presents both challenges and opportunities for businesses willing to embrace innovation and sustainability.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential change by 2050?

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) là một trong những loại thuốc trừ sâu rẻ và hiệu quả cao, tuy nhiên nhiều nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra rằng DDT là chất có độc tính cao và phân huỷ rất chậm trong đất, do đó đã bị cấm sử dụng. Một nghiên cứu thiết lập mối quan hệ giữa nồng độ DDT trong đất với thời gian như sau:

\(C-Co=-0,0018t-1,6162\)

Trong đó: C và Co lần lượt là hàm lượng lúc sau và hàm lượng ban đầu của DDT trong đất (đơn vị tính là \(\mu g{{g}^{-1}}\)), t là thời gian (đơn vị tính bằng ngày).

Người ta xác định được trong 20 g một mẫu đất nông nghiệp có lượng DDT là 41,6 \(\mu g\). Dựa trên dữ liệu của các nghiên cứu trên, sau bao nhiêu ngày hàm lượng DDT trong mẫu đất trên sẽ giảm còn 0,1 \(\mu g\) \(g^{-1}\)? (làm tròn đến hàng đơn vị).

Tín dụng nhà nước có đặc điểm gì?

Nội dung nào dưới đây là hoạt động tiêu dùng?

Vào những ngày Tết, các gian hàng phục vụ mặt hàng Tết đa dạng, phong phú như: bánh kẹo, giò chả, bánh chưng, hoa quả, rau củ, hàng đông lạnh,...; có khu vực bày bán đủ các loại cây như: đào, mai, cúc, lan,... nhằm đáp ứng nhu cầu mua sắm và chưng Tết. Người dân đi chợ không chỉ để mua sắm mà còn để tận hưởng không khí háo hức khi Tết đến. Các yếu tố nào tham gia vào hoạt động kinh tế trên?

Kiểu dữ liệu nào sau đây không được đề cập trong chương trình tin học phổ thông?

Có mấy chế độ bảo dưỡng ô tô?

Read the following passage about powering and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. 

TikTok is a popular social media app where people can create and share short videos [I]. It started in China in 2016 as Douyin [II]. The app is known for its easy-to-use tools that let users add music, effects, and filters to their videos [III]. People of all ages enjoy making and watching TikTok videos, which can be funny, educational, or creative [IV].

One of the reasons TikTok is so popular is because of its algorithm, which shows users videos that match their interests. When you open the app, you see a personalized feed called the "For You" page. This page is different for everyone and updates with new videos all the time. Users can also follow their favorite creators to see more of their content.

TikTok has become a platform for trends and challenges. Many users participate in dance challenges, lip-syncing, and other viral activities. These trends can spread quickly, reaching millions of people in a short time. Because of this, TikTok has influenced music charts, fashion, and even language. Songs that go viral on TikTok often become hits on other platforms too.

The app is also a space for education and advocacy. Many creators use TikTok to share knowledge about various topics, such as science, history, cooking, and fitness. Others use the platform to raise awareness about social issues and promote positive change.

In addition to individual creators, many brands and businesses use TikTok for marketing. They create content to engage with their audience, often using popular trends and challenges to promote their products.

However, TikTok has faced some criticism and challenges. Concerns about privacy and data security have led to scrutiny from governments. Despite these issues, TikTok still remains one of the most downloaded apps in the world.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

Đông Nam Á là cầu nối lục địa nào?

Trong nền kinh tế, hoạt động nào sử dụng các sản phẩm được sản xuất ra để thoả mãn nhu cầu vật chất và tinh thần của con người?

1. Do you find yourself yawning all day at school? You probably need more sleep. However, it is not just how much sleep you get that is important. What you do before bedtime also has a huge effect on how you feel the next day. If you spend time chatting to someone on social media, or reading a book on your e- reader, you are not alone.

2. All devices' screens give out a large amount of blue light, which affects the body's production of the sleep hormone, melatonin, which can change your sleep patterns. So it is not just getting to sleep that becomes hard, but the quality of your sleep also suffers. The result is that you can wake up several times during the night, and have difficulty getting up in the morning.

3. Sleep is food for the brain, so not sleeping well can be a severe problem for anyone, especially for teenagers, because their brains are still developing. When you do not sleep well, it can be difficult to concentrate at school, which makes it harder to learn and get good grades. It can also affect your mood, making you feel sad or anxious.   

4. So, it is clear you should not use your phone before you go to sleep. Why not leave it in another room? Nothing on social media is so important that it cannot wait a few hours! You should rediscover paper books and enjoy feeling tired and sleepy before bedtime rather than wondering why your best friend has not liked your photo! How will you wake up? You do not have to use the alarm on your phone. Go and buy yourself an old-fashioned alarm clock! The negative effects that screen time is having on sleep have been in the news a lot recently, so manufacturers of smartphones and tablets have added a feature to the mobile devices that can help reduce these. Most new phones have a night-time setting that changes the colour of the screen so that it gives out less blue light. If you really cannot avoid going onto social media at bedtime, think about turning on this setting on your phone.

Which of the following can be affected by blue light from digital screens?