Vật lí là môn “khoa học tự nhiên” có đối tượng nghiên cứu tập trung vào

1. Do you find yourself yawning all day at school? You probably need more sleep. However, it is not just how much sleep you get that is important. What you do before bedtime also has a huge effect on how you feel the next day. If you spend time chatting to someone on social media, or reading a book on your e- reader, you are not alone.

2. All devices' screens give out a large amount of blue light, which affects the body's production of the sleep hormone, melatonin, which can change your sleep patterns. So it is not just getting to sleep that becomes hard, but the quality of your sleep also suffers. The result is that you can wake up several times during the night, and have difficulty getting up in the morning.

3. Sleep is food for the brain, so not sleeping well can be a severe problem for anyone, especially for teenagers, because their brains are still developing. When you do not sleep well, it can be difficult to concentrate at school, which makes it harder to learn and get good grades. It can also affect your mood, making you feel sad or anxious.   

4. So, it is clear you should not use your phone before you go to sleep. Why not leave it in another room? Nothing on social media is so important that it cannot wait a few hours! You should rediscover paper books and enjoy feeling tired and sleepy before bedtime rather than wondering why your best friend has not liked your photo! How will you wake up? You do not have to use the alarm on your phone. Go and buy yourself an old-fashioned alarm clock! The negative effects that screen time is having on sleep have been in the news a lot recently, so manufacturers of smartphones and tablets have added a feature to the mobile devices that can help reduce these. Most new phones have a night-time setting that changes the colour of the screen so that it gives out less blue light. If you really cannot avoid going onto social media at bedtime, think about turning on this setting on your phone.

Which of the following can be affected by blue light from digital screens?

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Question 14: 

a. Alex: Why online classes?

b. Sue: I'm going to try online classes.

c. Alex: How are you going to improve your English?

d. Alex: I think online classes are too expensive. I don't think I'll try them.

e. Sue: They improve our communication skills, and they have flexible schedules.

(Adapted from i-Learn Smart World)

Đọc đoạn trích sau và trả lời câu hỏi:

     Vang bóng một thời chứa đựng nội dung của bất trắc, thường trực đi trên sợi dây căng giữa hai vùng sáng tối. Trong Chữ người tử tù, cái tối tăm, tàn nhẫn, lừa lọc, thô bạo của đề lao đối diện với ánh sáng của giải lụa bạch tinh khiết căng lên dưới nét chữ thần sầu của người tử tù. Càng làm nổi sự sang trọng của hai nhân cách đối nghịch: một cai ngục và một anh hùng. Ðem không khí âm u tăm tối của nghề cai ngục đối chất với nỗi khát vọng nghệ thuật và lòng quý trọng nhân tài trong tâm hồn hắn. Ðem cái chết trước mắt của người tử tù đối diện với nét chữ sống mãi của người tài tử. Ðặt cái gông trên cổ Huấn Cao, kẻ mang trong người chất tự do, ngang tàng, vùng vẫy, không khuất phục của Bá Quát. Làm cho những sự nham hiểm, hèn mọn, hút trộm máu người của bọn rệp phải rụng như mưa dưới cái lắc mạnh của người anh hùng…

(Thuỵ Khuê, Thi pháp Nguyễn Tuân, 2003)

Nội dung chính của đoạn trích trên là gì?

Cho 2 điện tích điểm nằm ở 2 điểm A và B và có cùng độ lớn, cùng dấu. Cường độ điện trường tại một điểm trên đường trung trực của AB thì có phương

Hội đồng nhân dân các cấp do ai bầu ra?

Chọn đáp án đúng. Cho \(a > 0,a \ne 1,b > 0\). Với mọi số nguyên dương \(n \ge 2\) ta có?

Phương pháp thực nghiệm có các bước thực hiện nào sau đây?

Ứng dụng nào thuộc ứng dụng của GPS?

Chọn một từ/ cụm từ mà nghĩa của nó KHÔNG cùng nhóm với các từ/ cụm từ còn lại.

Về mặt hành chính, Lê Thánh Tông tiến hành cải cách theo hướng

Read the following passage about Unconventional Teachers Who Changed Lives and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Traditional education focuses on textbooks, but some teachers go beyond these limitations. Mrs. Rodriguez transformed her classroom into a living laboratory. Her students conducted experiments with plants and simple machines. She believed hands-on learning creates deeper understanding than reading alone. When asked why she taught differently, she replied, "I want students to fall in love with discovery." Her methods helped struggling students improve and develop passion for science.

Mr. Jackson abandoned lectures for storytelling and role-playing. His students experienced history by acting out important moments. This approach made history come alive and helped them remember key information. One student said, "Before Mr. Jackson's class, I thought history was boring, but he showed us it's fascinating." He took classes to historical sites and invited veterans to share experiences. These connections helped students understand how past shapes our present.

In a remote village, Ms. Chen taught English without proper textbooks. She created materials using newspapers and song lyrics. Despite limited resources, her students achieved remarkable results through her dedication. "Learning should be joyful, not painful," she told questioning parents. Ms. Chen organized conversation clubs and pen pal exchanges. These activities gave students practical language skills and confidence to use English in real situations.

Coach Williams was a life mentor who taught valuable lessons through sports. He focused on teamwork and fair play rather than winning. Students who struggled academically often excelled in his class. "The playing field is where children learn who they truly are," he explained. He created inclusive activities for all students regardless of athletic ability. Many former students credit him with teaching life skills like resilience and cooperation that helped them succeed after graduation.

The word “remarkable” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by _________.

Đọc đoạn trích sau và trả lời câu hỏi:

Thuở nhỏ tôi ra cống Na câu cá

níu váy bà đi chợ Bình Lâm

bắt chim sẻ ở vành tai tượng Phật

và đôi khi ăn trộm nhãn chùa Trần.

(Đò Lèn, Nguyễn Duy)

Xác định phương thức biểu đạt chính được sử dụng trong đoạn thơ trên.

Vai trò đối với sức khỏe của phòng, trị bệnh cho vật nuôi là

Read the following passage about home schooling in the UK and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Full-time education in the UK is compulsory from the age of five to sixteen, but this doesn’t have to be in a school. Around 50,000 children are educated at home. This is called ‘homeschooling’.

 Parents take their children out of school for different reasons, like illness and the need for special care, or because the distance to the nearest school may be too far. Some children are simply unhappy at school. Whatever the reason, they’re allowed to study at home, although inspectors regularly check how they are getting on.

 Hayley and Jenny haven’t been to school for two years but they haven’t neglected their studies. Their mother worked out strict timetables for them, with hourly lessons for each day. She’s responsible for teaching them Maths, English, History and French. Their father teaches them Science and Geography. They study all the other school subjects online. ‘We have lessons with Dad in the evenings and at weekends,’ explains Hayley.

 The family’s home is in a remote part of Wales. ‘The girls were fine at school but they spent so much time getting to school, they were too tired to learn, says their mother, Julia”. ‘We had a family conference and in the end we decided to try homeschooling. So far, it’s been a big success, but the girls know that if they want to go back to school at any time, we’ll let them. We follow the normal school program of lessons, and they will take all the normal school exams.’

 There are disadvantages too, of course. ‘Social isolation is something I worry about,’ says Julia. They both seem happy and well-adjusted, but they haven’t really got friends who live locally. But in the summer holidays they go away on trips to summer camps, where they have no trouble mixing with people and making friends.’

The word “well-adjusted” in paragraph 5 most probably means ______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer.

Why are we always pointing to Instagram as the cause of mental illness in our teenagers? It’s frustrating that abusive relationships, and the trauma they cause, are rarely mentioned in discussions about the prevalence of mental health problems in young people. Research by Women’s Aid and Cosmopolitan has found that a third of teenage girls have been in an abusive relationship. And, if that isn’t shocking enough, when the remaining two-thirds were asked further questions, it emerged that 64% of them had, in fact, experienced abusive behaviour – they just didn’t realise it was abuse.

Domestic abuse is normally associated with women cowering on the floor, as a violent husband waits to strike, or mothers covering up their black eyes with concealer before the school run. On the same day that the domestic abuse bill received its second reading in parliament, Age UK called for action to tackle domestic abuse of over-60s, whose needs it says are often overlooked by the law, policy and practice. The needs of teenagers in the heady throes of first love who are in emotionally abusive relationships also need to be recognised.

Common themes of such relationships include (though are not limited to) excessive jealousy, repeated criticism and sexual coercion. If your boyfriend or girlfriend is checking your phone, constantly asking to know your whereabouts, getting upset when you spend time away, turning up unannounced to surprise you, these are all examples of coercive control. If they never apologise in an argument and make everything your fault, tell you what you can and can’t wear, undermine you and/or publicly humiliate you under the guise of a “joke”, these again are common instances of controlling behaviour. Ditto, if they have a Jekyll/Hyde personality, make you feel like you are walking on eggshells even when things are seemingly going well, and threaten to hurt themselves if you leave. When it comes to sexual coercion and rape, examples include making you feel pressured to perform sexual acts you’re uncomfortable with, such as sending nude photos, having sex before you’re ready, being pressured to re-enact extreme sex from porn films or being told you don’t love them if you say no.

Often the victim in an abusive relationship can never quite put their finger on one thing, but the overwhelming feeling is of a general unease, feeling unsafe, defective, wrong, scared and as if you are going crazy. It’s your “yourselfness” that’s being consistently undermined, controlled and attacked by the person who claims to love you.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to “prevalence” as used in the passage?

Phần tô màu (không bao gồm đường thẳng \(d\)) trong hình vẽ là miền nghiệm của bất phương trình nào sau đây?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Who are you?

On 6 June 2011, the media reported the kidnapping of a female Syrian-American blogger called Amina Arraf. Regarded as a daring political rebel, the 35-year-old had gained popularity for her blogs protesting the lack of freedom in Syria. Yet, only two days later, it was discovered that Amina had never existed. She was a fictional character created by Tom MacMaster, a forty-year-old American PhD student at the University of Edinburgh.

MacMaster's invention is an example of sock puppetry: the use of false identities to deceive others. (I). The false identity is known as a sock puppet, and its creator, a puppet master. (II). MacMaster created Amina to express his views on Middle Eastern affairs without offending other Americans. (III). Writing as Amina gave him the authority to say what he wanted. (IV).  

At the turn of the millennium, Debbie Swenson created Kaycee Nicole, a fictional teenage girl suffering from terminal cancer. Her blog, Living Colours, described Kaycee’s struggle, attracting millions of readers. When Kaycee 'died' on 14 May 2001, her fans were devastated. Their distress turned to anger when they discovered that Kaycee was not real. Swenson had developed the character to gain attention and sympathy.

While Amina and Kaycee were used to meet their creators' needs, other identities have been invented for profit. American gun advocate John Lott made up a fake student, Mary Rosh, to defend his writing online and give him positive reviews. Mystery writer RJ Ellory fabricated a team of sock puppets to praise his own books and tear into those of his rivals. British historian Orlando Figes lost credibility when he had to publicly apologise for doing the same.

Yet none of these stories compare to large-scale sock puppetry today. The New York City Police Department has false identities on social media to catch criminals. The US military is believed to use sock puppets to track potential terrorists. It is clear that the internet is a minefield today and we all have to step very carefully in order not to get hurt.

The word "Their" in paragraph 3 refers to:

Con người ứng dụng hoạt động phân giải protein của vi sinh vật để thực hiện những quá trình nào?

(1) Làm tương             (2) Muối dưa              (3) Muối cà                  (4) Làm nước mắm

(5) Làm giấm               (6) Làm rượu             (7) Làm sữa chua

Đất nước chính thức bị chia cắt sau cuộc chiến tranh