Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

UNEMPLOYMENT: WHAT IT MEANS AND WHY IT MATTERS

What is Unemployment?

Unemployment happens when someone actively seeks work but cannot find a job. It's a key indicator of the health of the economy. The unemployment rate is the key measure, calculated by dividing the (7) __________ of unemployed people by the total workforce.

Why Is Unemployment Important?

Unemployment shows how well the economy provides job opportunities. If many people are unemployed, it means the economy isn't producing enough, (8) __________ can affect everyone's quality of life. However, those who retire, study, or cannot work for health reasons (9) __________ unemployed.

Types of Unemployment

Unemployment can be divided (10) __________ two categories:

✔ Voluntary: Individuals leave their jobs to pursue better opportunities.

✔ Involuntary: Individuals are (11) __________ or fired and must search for new work.

Effects of High Unemployment

When unemployment rises, the economy faces problems. While people still need basic goods and services, fewer workers mean less overall production. Persistent high unemployment can cause (12) __________ and social challenges.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of  the numbered blanks from 18 to 23. 

        Different relationships affect teenagers in various ways. Friends impact teenagers(18) _______ .Teenagers go to their friends for help or to ask questions that they could not ask their parents about. Most of the time their friends give them good advice. In most cases they tell their friends how to dress and act (19)_______ .Love relationships just make it even harder for a teenager to get a good education. Some start to fail in school (20) _______ .Parents have a big influence on teenagers because their children look up to them and the majority of them grow up to act and (21) _______ things just like their parents did with them. Children (22) _______may have lower achievements than children brought up in an intact family.As previously stated, teenagers are affected by many relationships which involve their friends, family, and their love relationships. The relationships affect them so much that most people teenagers their ideas about how they should live (23)_______ lives in a different way and to change their future goals. They should be influenced to help themselves or to help others.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Sustainable Tourism in UNESCO World Heritage Marine Sites

1. On 5 December 2024, managers from 51 UNESCO World Heritage marine sites joined an online meeting with experts from UNESCO and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The meeting aimed to provide site managers with knowledge and tools for sustainable tourism management. This would help them implement strategies to monitor and protect their sites from the harmful effects of over-tourism.

2. Tourism and UNESCO World Heritage marine sites are deeply interconnected, as these flagship marine protected areas (MPAs) often become major tourist destinations, drawing visitors from around the world. While tourism can foster economic growth and offer social benefits to local communities, it also presents risks. Uncontrolled development and excessive visitor numbers can threaten the integrity of these sites, especially as they face challenges like climate change and biodiversity loss.

3. During the meeting, managers shared their experiences and strategies. The Great Barrier Reef in Australia presented its sustainability framework, focusing on Protection, Presentation, and Partnership. This involves conservation, educating visitors, and using data to adjust management strategies. In Palau, the Rock Islands Southern Lagoon emphasized community-based efforts, strict visitor regulations, and cultural awareness, including the Palau Pledge, where visitors promise to respect the environment.

4. Global experts also shared effective practices for promoting sustainable tourism in protected areas. Peter Debrine from UNESCO highlighted the importance of managing visitor data and involving communities to protect these sites' Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). Arnau Teixidor from IUCN shared tools for promoting ecotourism and measuring impacts in Mediterranean marine areas. These approaches demonstrate how collaboration and innovative strategies can help balance tourism and conservation in marine protected areas.

The word their in paragraph 1 refers to __________.

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

VAPING: KNOW THE RISKS BEFORE YOU VAPE

What is Vaping?

Vaping involves using a small, handheld device (like e-cigarettes, vape pens, or mods) to inhale a mist made from nicotine and flavoring (e-liquid). Unlike smoking, vaping heats the liquid (7) __________ burning tobacco.

How Does Vaping Work?

Vaping works by heating the liquid inside the device to create a mist that you breathe into your lungs. This mist contains nicotine, flavoring, and (8) __________ chemicals that can reach deep into your lungs.

The Risks of Vaping

While vaping might seem safer than smoking, it carries serious health risks:

✔ Lung problems: Vaping can cause asthma, lung scarring, and (9) __________ like EVALI.

✔ Addiction: Nicotine is highly addictive and can change your brain, (10) __________ it hard to quit.

✔ Heart and brain damage: Chemicals in e-liquids can harm your heart and brain.

✔ Cancer risks: Some substances in e-liquids (11) __________ to cancer.

Protect Your Health

Vaping isn't as safe as it seems. Stay aware and make (12) __________ informed decisions about your health.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of  the numbered blanks from 18 to 23. 

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF PRESERVING CULTURAL HERITAGE?

The cultural heritage and its history show the identity and values of a country, which can be introduced to the world. Therefore, (18) _________such as historical sites, buildings, landmarks and even monuments. Another reason for preserving one's heritage and culture is that traditional values and customs should be passed down from one generation to the next. The value of this is very important for not only the minority groups (19) _________.

So, what can we do to help preserve cultural heritage?

It simply starts with (20)_______. A nation is able to preserve their cultural heritage through education. The future generation should be taught and encouraged to learn about the importance of the cultural heritage at school. In the modern world, social media also plays an extremely important role in creating awareness and (21)_______.

Besides, we should control local tourism and avoid (22) _______although it also helps us to introduce our cultural heritage. Each tourism destination should identify an acceptable level of travelers. This also helps to prevent overcrowding and (23) _______.We should begin to take an active role in conserving our cultural assets for future generations.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Preserving Africa's Cultural Heritage

1. Cultural preservation in Africa focuses on protecting both tangible and intangible heritage for future generations. This includes conserving artefacts, traditions, languages, and practices of cultural significance. The African Union High-Level Panel on Emerging Technologies (APET) recognizes 3D printing as a key tool in this effort. This cutting-edge technology offers a precise and non-invasive way to replicate and restore artefacts, buildings, and landmarks that are damaged or lost. By adding materials layer by layer, 3D printing allows detailed restoration and replication.

2. APET highlights how 3D printing is transforming cultural preservation. For example, the Iziko Museums in Cape Town use it to replicate San rock art, protecting the originals from damage. In Egypt, researchers use the technology to restore ancient hieroglyphs on temples. At Great Zimbabwe, 3D-printed bricks are being used for restoration where traditional materials are unavailable. These examples demonstrate the value of 3D printing in addressing restoration challenges.

3. Additionally, 3D printing makes cultural heritage more accessible by allowing museums to create replicas for travelling exhibits, bringing historical treasures to distant communities. Schools and universities use 3D-printed artefacts for hands-on learning, helping students connect with their history. Digital 3D scanning creates detailed models stored online, enabling global access and collaboration.

4. APET suggests that national 3D cultural preservation programmes can document heritage sites and train local communities in 3D technology. This approach not only protects heritage but also creates jobs and empowers communities. Open-access policies further encourage education and innovation using 3D models. Investing in 3D printing infrastructure for tourism and restoration can boost local economies. Integrating 3D printing into creative industries ensures Africa's heritage is protected while supporting economic growth.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

✱ Explore the Urban Heritage Atlas

Discover the beauty and history of the world's most unique cities with the Urban Heritage Atlas—a (7) _______ resource for anyone passionate about cultural heritage.

What Does It Offer?

✔ A Cultural Archive: Learn about historic cities, vernacular architecture, and traditional building (8) _______.

✔ Cultural Mapping: Understand the unique features that make each city special, from buildings to cultural (9) _______.

✔ Learning Resource: Build knowledge about (10) _______ urban heritage and how to conserve it.

Why is it Important?

✔ Urban heritage is more than monuments—it's about stories, communities, and culture.

✔ This atlas helps authorities and individuals protect historic areas and manage them wisely.

✔ Supports cities on the UNESCO World Heritage List and (11) _______ waiting for recognition.

Whether you're a researcher, a city planner, (12) _______ a heritage enthusiast, the Urban Heritage Atlas is your gateway to understanding and preserving the world's most meaningful historic places.

Get your copy today and start exploring!

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

✱ Explore the Urban Heritage Atlas

Discover the beauty and history of the world's most unique cities with the Urban Heritage Atlas—a (7) _______ resource for anyone passionate about cultural heritage.

What Does It Offer?

✔ A Cultural Archive: Learn about historic cities, vernacular architecture, and traditional building (8) _______.

✔ Cultural Mapping: Understand the unique features that make each city special, from buildings to cultural (9) _______.

✔ Learning Resource: Build knowledge about (10) _______ urban heritage and how to conserve it.

Why is it Important?

✔ Urban heritage is more than monuments—it's about stories, communities, and culture.

✔ This atlas helps authorities and individuals protect historic areas and manage them wisely.

✔ Supports cities on the UNESCO World Heritage List and (11) _______ waiting for recognition.

Whether you're a researcher, a city planner, (12) _______ a heritage enthusiast, the Urban Heritage Atlas is your gateway to understanding and preserving the world's most meaningful historic places.

Get your copy today and start exploring!

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. Natural hazards cause significant harm to both people and cultural heritage. They damage tangible heritage, such as buildings and infrastructure, as well as intangible heritage, like traditions, social values, and emotional connections to places. World Heritage sites, which protect both cultural and natural heritage, are also at risk. Disasters disrupt cultural systems, making communities more susceptible during and after these events.

2. [I] Culture plays an important role in how people view risks and respond to hazards. [II] From there, culture also influences people's risk indirectly because it impacts their livelihood choices, settlement location, social networks and availability for preparedness activities, including disaster risk reduction education. [III] These aspects affect how vulnerable a community is to natural hazards. [IV]

3. An increasing number of natural hazards are damaging heritage sites and disrupting cultural practices. This weakens the resilience of communities, particularly those that rely on heritage for local resources and sustainable development. Despite these threats, cultural and natural heritage can also strengthen communities by helping them adapt to risks and reduce their exposure to hazards, including climate change.

4. UNESCO protects cultural and natural heritage and uses it as a platform for disaster risk reduction. These efforts aim to build community resilience and ensure that no one is left behind.

5. World Heritage sites, Biosphere Reserves, and UNESCO Global Geoparks are essential for sustainable development. These sites protect natural and cultural heritage while promoting biodiversity and resource conservation. However, they face risks from natural hazards and extreme weather, which can affect nearby communities and resonate globally. At the same time, these sites educate people about disaster risks and solutions, offering opportunities to build safer, more resilient futures.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an aspect of intangible heritage?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions.

By the time the police got to the scene, the thief had stolen the car.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of  the numbered blanks from 18 to 23. 

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF PRESERVING CULTURAL HERITAGE?

The cultural heritage and its history show the identity and values of a country, which can be introduced to the world. Therefore, (18) _________such as historical sites, buildings, landmarks and even monuments. Another reason for preserving one's heritage and culture is that traditional values and customs should be passed down from one generation to the next. The value of this is very important for not only the minority groups (19) _________.

So, what can we do to help preserve cultural heritage?

It simply starts with (20)_______. A nation is able to preserve their cultural heritage through education. The future generation should be taught and encouraged to learn about the importance of the cultural heritage at school. In the modern world, social media also plays an extremely important role in creating awareness and (21)_______.

Besides, we should control local tourism and avoid (22) _______although it also helps us to introduce our cultural heritage. Each tourism destination should identify an acceptable level of travelers. This also helps to prevent overcrowding and (23) _______.We should begin to take an active role in conserving our cultural assets for future generations.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Teens should have the ability to __________ loneliness.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

It was Henry _________ to help us.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

1. A group of teenagers and young adults from the U.S. and the U.K. are among the most common cyber attackers today, according to Charles Carmakal, the CTO of Mandiant Consulting. He shared this information during a media briefing at the RSA Conference. They typically speak English as their first language and are very skilled at tricking people, also known as social engineering.

2. These young hackers were responsible for some of the biggest cyber attacks last year, including breaches at companies like Twilio, Uber, and Okta. The attack on Twilio affected at least 163 other victims, making the damage even worse. Carmakal said, "We've seen very young individuals break into some of the biggest organizations by leveraging these techniques that are so hard to defend against."

3. These attackers use personalized tricks to convince people to visit harmful websites and share sensitive information, like passwords and multi-factor authentication codes. Carmakal explained, "It's all traversing through the cellular network so enterprises aren't able to even monitor this and detect it," making it harder for companies to protect themselves.

4. Groups like Oktapus and Lapsus$ are known for using threats and harassment in their attacks. They target not only companies but also the families of employees. Carmakal shared, "It's a very different story if you're an executive of the company, and your daughter is being harassed by a threat actor." These personal attacks often make it more likely for victims to pay the ransom, as Carmakal said, "Your desire to pay or your willingness to pay shoots up tenfold when you're dealing with personal attacks."

In which paragraph does the author mention differences in approaches to handling attacks on different targets?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of  the numbered blanks from 18 to 23. 

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF PRESERVING CULTURAL HERITAGE?

The cultural heritage and its history show the identity and values of a country, which can be introduced to the world. Therefore, (18) _________such as historical sites, buildings, landmarks and even monuments. Another reason for preserving one's heritage and culture is that traditional values and customs should be passed down from one generation to the next. The value of this is very important for not only the minority groups (19) _________.

So, what can we do to help preserve cultural heritage?

It simply starts with (20)_______. A nation is able to preserve their cultural heritage through education. The future generation should be taught and encouraged to learn about the importance of the cultural heritage at school. In the modern world, social media also plays an extremely important role in creating awareness and (21)_______.

Besides, we should control local tourism and avoid (22) _______although it also helps us to introduce our cultural heritage. Each tourism destination should identify an acceptable level of travelers. This also helps to prevent overcrowding and (23) _______.We should begin to take an active role in conserving our cultural assets for future generations.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the  correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28.

COMMON ISSUES FACING TEENAGERS TODAY

Many people think that social media is largely to blame as this is (24)______   teens often see images of famous or normal people drinking or smoking. This behaviour is often presented as “cool” and “fashionable”. In the USA, more than one out of five secondary school students admitted having drunk alcohol regularly.

While schools are supposed to provide a safe and healthy environment, they might actually be among the most dangerous places for (25)______ students. It is not uncommon for teenagers to experience bullying or physical violence at school. Often victims suffer in silence as they feel reporting a bully won’t make a (26)______.

Academic pressure and family (27)______ are the main reason for this issue. Many young people nowadays spend a lot of time studying, doing homework, or revising for tests. In Korea, (28)______,students often spend between 12 to 16 hours per day at school and at an educational centre, and sleep only four hours per night.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of  the numbered blanks from 18 to 23. 

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF PRESERVING CULTURAL HERITAGE?

The cultural heritage and its history show the identity and values of a country, which can be introduced to the world. Therefore, (18) _________such as historical sites, buildings, landmarks and even monuments. Another reason for preserving one's heritage and culture is that traditional values and customs should be passed down from one generation to the next. The value of this is very important for not only the minority groups (19) _________.

So, what can we do to help preserve cultural heritage?

It simply starts with (20)_______. A nation is able to preserve their cultural heritage through education. The future generation should be taught and encouraged to learn about the importance of the cultural heritage at school. In the modern world, social media also plays an extremely important role in creating awareness and (21)_______.

Besides, we should control local tourism and avoid (22) _______although it also helps us to introduce our cultural heritage. Each tourism destination should identify an acceptable level of travelers. This also helps to prevent overcrowding and (23) _______.We should begin to take an active role in conserving our cultural assets for future generations.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the  correct answer to each of the questions

Bullying, intentional harm-doing or harassment that is directed toward vulnerable targets and typically repeated. Bullying encompasses a wide range of malicious aggressive behaviours, including physical violence, verbal mockery, threats, ostracism, and rumors spread either orally or by other means of communication, such as the Internet.

Bullying in educational settings remains a commonplace everyday experience. In Europe significant attention to school bullying began in the early 1970s, in part because of the efforts of Olweus, as well as a widely publicized trio of victim suicides in Norway in 1983. A spate of school shootings in the late 1990s brought further media attention to the subject of school bullying, and concern was renewed during a later series of bullying-related suicides in Canada and the United States. A US national study published at the turn of the 21st century documented that bullying and other forms of aggression affected approximately 30 percent, or 5.7 million, middle-to-high-school students in the then-current school term.

Although the root causes of bullying remain unclear, its consequences for victims are abundantly apparent. The U.S Secret Service in conjunction with the U.S Department of Education found that bullying was a factor in the majority of “incidents of targeted school violence” in the last two and a half decades of the 20th century. Victimization is also significantly related to suicidal ideation, social isolation, anxiety and depression, low self-esteem, physical health problems, and diminished academic performance and school attachment. Many of these effects can last well into adulthood.

However, victims are not the only ones who suffer from bullying. For many outcomes, bully-victims often fare the worst on a variety of measures, but pure bullies also experience difficulties. They are at increased risk of subsequent mental health problems and are likely to encounter difficulty maintaining positive relationships as adults. More significantly, bullies are considerably more likely to be convicted of crimes and incarcerated as young adults.

Some youth nevertheless use bullying as a way to gain social status among peers. These adolescents may be more strategic in how they choose their targets, and they are also likely to be among the more popular students in school. For at least some of them, bullying and harassment effectively boost their status and influence among schoolmates by winning the admiration of peers or by tearing down social rivals. Generally speaking, however, bullying is more effective at harming victims than aiding aggressors

What could be the best title of this passage?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

1. A group of teenagers and young adults from the U.S. and the U.K. are among the most common cyber attackers today, according to Charles Carmakal, the CTO of Mandiant Consulting. He shared this information during a media briefing at the RSA Conference. They typically speak English as their first language and are very skilled at tricking people, also known as social engineering.

2. These young hackers were responsible for some of the biggest cyber attacks last year, including breaches at companies like Twilio, Uber, and Okta. The attack on Twilio affected at least 163 other victims, making the damage even worse. Carmakal said, "We've seen very young individuals break into some of the biggest organizations by leveraging these techniques that are so hard to defend against."

3. These attackers use personalized tricks to convince people to visit harmful websites and share sensitive information, like passwords and multi-factor authentication codes. Carmakal explained, "It's all traversing through the cellular network so enterprises aren't able to even monitor this and detect it," making it harder for companies to protect themselves.

4. Groups like Oktapus and Lapsus$ are known for using threats and harassment in their attacks. They target not only companies but also the families of employees. Carmakal shared, "It's a very different story if you're an executive of the company, and your daughter is being harassed by a threat actor." These personal attacks often make it more likely for victims to pay the ransom, as Carmakal said, "Your desire to pay or your willingness to pay shoots up tenfold when you're dealing with personal attacks."

In which paragraph does the author describe young cyber attackers?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Nepal has made important progress over the past few years to promote equality, but the country still has one of the highest rates of child marriage in the world. 41% of Nepalese girls are married before the age of 18.

Poverty is both a cause and consequence of child marriage in Nepal. Girls from the wealthiest families marry 2 years later than those from the poorest, who are seen as an economic burden, and who drop out of school and earn little money.

Food insecurity plays an important role too. Nepalese families that do not have enough food to eat are more likely to marry their daughters at a young age to decrease the financial burden. One study shows that 91% of people who had secure access to food married over the age of 19.

Dowry is also common practice in many communities. Parents marry their daughters as soon as possible because the money they have to pay to the groom’s family is higher if their daughter is older. Since 2010, the legal age of marriage is 20 for both men and women, or 18 with parental consent, according to the Nepalese Country Code.

The law states that punishment for child marriage is imprisonment for up to three years and a fine of up to 10,000 rupees (£102). But reports suggest that this law is rarely applied. There has been quite a lot of progress in Nepal over the past 3 years with a clear government commitment to ending child marriage and civil society cooperation. The Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare is currently developing Nepal’s first national strategy on child marriage in collaboration with UNICEF Nepal and Girls Not Brides Nepal. However, the post-earthquake and post-fuel crisis environment has meant progress is slow and the national strategy has been delayed.

Which of the following best serves as the title for the passage?

Read the following advertisement/announcement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 10 to 15.

HOW TO FIGHT AGAINST SOCIAL ISSUES

- Are you (13) __________  about the pressing social issues facing our society today?

- Take a stand against overpopulation, (14) __________, crime, and body shaming.

- Join us in creating a better world for all.

+ Stand up, speak out, and make a difference.

+ Together, we (15) __________tackle these challenges head-on and create a more inclusive and compassionate community.

+ Let's work together to combat  these social issues and build a brighter future for everyone.

- Join the movement today!