Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

 

SMART ENERGY

The coming decades will bring significant changes in energy supply and consumption. With concerns about global warming and diminishing oil reserves, nations are shifting toward low-carbon economies, prompting major changes in electricity supply and usage. Firstly, electricity demand will increase as consumers transition from oil and gas to electricity for homes and vehicles. Secondly, power generation will rise, focusing on renewable sources. To tackle these challenges, countries are investing in Smart Grid technology, which aims to optimize the electricity network by understanding power generation and demand, thereby improving efficiency.

(I)Smart Grid technology integrates computer systems with electricity networks. (II)These systems gather data on supply and demand, enhancing engineers’ management capabilities. (III)This leads to better energy utilization, reduced fuel needs, and lower carbon emissions. Additionally, operational and maintenance costs are minimized. For consumers, smart technology provides real-time data on energy usage and variable tariffs, encouraging energy use during off-peak hours to reduce costs. For instance, appliances like washing machines can be run at night. Smart meters connected to the Internet or phone networks allow remote control of appliances. (IV)

However, challenges accompany these advancements. Managing supply and demand is difficult with renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and wave power, which are unpredictable. Unlike oil and gas, these sources cannot easily meet peak demands, risking blackouts or system failures. Solutions include improving energy storage and promoting off-peak electricity use. Another issue is the remote location of many renewable energy sources, such as coastal and upland areas, which often lack infrastructure. Building new networks is necessary, though smart technology can reduce costs through efficient planning.

Smart Technology is still in development, with pilot projects testing its feasibility. Consumers are experimenting with smart meters to manage their home electricity use, and trials are underway for new infrastructure. Implementation will likely occur in phases, starting with simple methods to achieve quick carbon savings before advancing to more complex systems. Urban areas, with their high energy demand, are the primary focus for initial investments. Cities will adopt sustainable power solutions, transportation systems, and electric vehicle charging networks. By 2050, these innovations will go a long way toward revolutionizing energy supply, transforming homes, transportation, and lifestyles.

 

Which of the following best summarizes the main point of the passage?

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

          ChatGPT, a powerful language model developed by OpenAI, (18) ______. It was first introduced in 2020, (19) ______. Unlike traditional chatbots, which often provide limited and scripted responses, ChatGPT can generate detailed, coherent, and context-aware replies. This ability has made it useful for a range of applications, from customer service to creative writing assistance.

          Employing advanced natural language processing (NLP) capabilities, (20) ______. It processes user inputs by predicting what comes next in a sequence of words, allowing it to create sentences that are not only grammatically correct but also meaningful.

          However, despite its impressive capabilities, ChatGPT also has its limitations. It can sometimes generate responses that are factually incorrect or biased, as it relies on the data it was trained on. Additionally, there are concerns about privacy and security, especially when sensitive information is shared during interactions. (21) ______.

          Overall, ChatGPT represents a significant step forward in the field of artificial intelligence. It has changed the way people think about AI communication, offering new ways to assist, educate, and entertain. (22) ______. ChatGPT is just the beginning of what could be a future where AI plays an even more integral role in our daily lives.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Robots are useful for exploring and working in space. In particular, many robots have been sent to explore Mars. Such robots have usually looked like a box with wheels. Though these robots are useful, by their very nature they are unreliable, extremely expensive, and they break easily. Also, they cannot do very many tasks. Because of these problems, scientists have been developing a new and unusual kind of robot. These new robots move like snakes, so they have been given the name “snakebots.”

But how can such a robot shape be made? A snakebot is built like a chain made of about thirty parts, or modules. Each module is basically the same in that they all have a small computer and a wheel to aid movement. The large computer in the “head” of the snake makes all of the modules in a snakebot work together. The modular design of the snakebot has many advantages. If one module fails, another can be added easily. Snakebot modules can also carry different kinds of tools, as well as cameras. Since each module is actually a robot in itself, one module can work apart from the rest if necessary. That is, all the modules can separate and move on their own, and then later, reconnect back into a larger robot.

Overall, the snakebot design is much simpler than that of common robots. Thus, snakebots will be much less expensive to build. For example, a robot recently sent to Mars cost over a hundred million dollars, whereas snakebots can cost as little as a few hundred dollars.

With their versatility and affordability, snakebots seem to be the wave of the future, at least as far as space robots are concerned.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Discover the Digital Portfolio App

Looking for an innovative way to enhance your learning experience? The Digital Portfolio app is here to transform the way you engage with education!

A (7)______of benefits make this app a must-have for students and teachers alike. With its user-friendly interface, it helps users stay organized and track their academic progress effortlessly. One of its standout features is enabling students and teachers to connect by engaging with each (8)______in real-time. Whether it's to give (9) ______on homework or collaborate on group projects, this app bridges the gap in communication.

Teachers can use the app to explain (10) ______clearly with the help of interactive tools, ensuring students grasp even the most complex topics. The app has already (11) ______really well in schools worldwide, proving its effectiveness in modern education. (12) ______ accessibility, the Digital Portfolio app is compatible with multiple devices, ensuring seamless use anywhere, anytime.

Join the future of learning with the Digital Portfolio app today!

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Autonomous vehicles, which were once the stuff of science fiction, are now becoming a reality. Tesla, for instance, (18) ______. A month later, the company showcased   its fully self-driving car in California and has continued to expand its fleet ever since. At one of these events, Tesla's vehicle received a safety award from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in 2020, further validating   its technology. During a presentation at the Consumer Electronics Show in 2021, Tesla highlighted its commitment to safety and innovation.

The Tesla Model S is one of the most advanced electric vehicles (19) ______. Clearly, Tesla and other manufacturers are at the forefront   of transforming the automotive   industry. (20) ______. The vehicles are equipped with various sensors, cameras, and AI algorithms.

(21) ______. These technologies enable the cars to navigate complex environments, such as city streets and highways, with minimal human intervention. This is a significant leap toward a future where autonomous driving becomes the norm.

Thanks to continuous advancements in technology, (22) ______. Consumers can look forward to safer and more efficient transportation solutions.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 28 to 32.

[I] Artificial Intelligence (AI) is likely to improve your engagement in non-STEM subjects (Literature, Art, Education, and Humanities). [II] For instance, AI-powered language learning platforms like Duolingo and Rosetta Stone use natural language processing and machine instructions to provide personalised learning experiences. [III] This can help you learn at your own pace and in your own way, thereby, increasing engagement and motivation. [IV]

AI-powered writing and grammar tools such as Grammarly and Hemingway can provide instant feedback and suggestions for alternative phrasing and word choices. By analysing your grammar, vocabulary, and style, these tools can take your writing skills to the next level and help you communicate better.

Similarly, you can play AI-powered educational games in history and social studies classes. Games like Civilization and Age of Empires use AI to create realistic historical simulations that can help you understand historical events and concepts more enjoyably and interactively.

In music and art, there are creative tools such as Amper Music and Dream. These tools use AI to create original music and art based on users’ input. This can provide you with fun and imaginative ways to study these subjects.

AI tools and platforms can be accessible to all students regardless of their geographical location or socio-economic status. If you do not have access to traditional educational resources, you can use your mobile devices to access them free of charge.

Overall, AI can stimulate your interest in non-STEM subjects by providing personalised instructions, creating various learning experiences, and offering real-time feedback and support. As AI technology continues to evolve, you can expect to see even more innovative uses of AI in non-STEM education.

(Adapted from English Workbook 12 – Global Success)

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the subjects that can be supported by AI?

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B, Cor D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Ada Lovelace, born in London in 1815, is widely recognized as the world's first computer programmer. Despite the limited opportunities for women in science and mathematics during her time, Lovelace's intelligence and passion for math set her apart. Her mother, Anne Isabella Milbanke, encouraged her mathematical studies from a young age, in contrast to her father, the famous poet Lord Byron.

Lovelace's most significant contribution came from her collaboration with Charles Babbage, the inventor of an early mechanical computer called the Analytical Engine. In 1843, she translated an article about the machine written by an Italian engineer.

However, it was her own detailed notes added to the translation that made history. These notes, which were longer than the original article, included what is now considered the first algorithm designed to be executed by a machine. This made Lovelace the first person to recognize that computers could follow instructions to perform tasks beyond simple calculations.

What truly set Lovelace apart was her visionary thinking. While Babbage saw the Analytical Engine as a tool for calculations, Lovelace believed it could be used for much more. She imagined that computers could be programmed to create music, art, and more, long before the development of modern computers. Her forward- thinking ideas laid the foundation for the field of computer science and continue to influence technology today.

The word "visionary" in paragraph 3 is CLOSEST in meaning to _______ .

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Discover the Digital Portfolio App

Looking for an innovative way to enhance your learning experience? The Digital Portfolio app is here to transform the way you engage with education!

A (7)______of benefits make this app a must-have for students and teachers alike. With its user-friendly interface, it helps users stay organized and track their academic progress effortlessly. One of its standout features is enabling students and teachers to connect by engaging with each (8)______in real-time. Whether it's to give (9) ______on homework or collaborate on group projects, this app bridges the gap in communication.

Teachers can use the app to explain (10) ______clearly with the help of interactive tools, ensuring students grasp even the most complex topics. The app has already (11) ______really well in schools worldwide, proving its effectiveness in modern education. (12) ______ accessibility, the Digital Portfolio app is compatible with multiple devices, ensuring seamless use anywhere, anytime.

Join the future of learning with the Digital Portfolio app today!

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

         The future of electric vehicles (EVs) is promising, as technological advancements and environmental concerns (18) __________. As governments worldwide implement stricter emissions regulations and offer incentives for EV adoption, manufacturers are investing heavily in research and development. (19) __________, resulting in longer ranges and faster charging times.

For instance, new solid-state batteries have the potential to enhance energy density and safety, making EVs more practical for everyday use.

         Additionally, the rise of autonomous driving technology is set to revolutionize the way we interact with vehicles. Many electric models are now equipped with advanced driver-assistance systems (20) __________. Furthermore, the integration of smart technology allows for seamless connectivity, enabling drivers to monitor their vehicle's performance and locate charging stations through mobile apps.

         As charging infrastructure continues to expand, (21) __________, the convenience of owning an EV is increasing. This transition to electric vehicles not only promises a reduction in carbon emissions but also fosters a cleaner, healthier environment. Overall, (22) __________ and sustainable transportation.

Read the following passage about online learning and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

           Virtual assistants, AI-powered software applications, (18) ________. These tools experienced significant growth and gained widespread popularity in 2020. Designed to understand spoken or typed language, they represent (19) ________. Unlike basic software programs, virtual assistants can interact naturally with users, making them useful across various fields, from customer support to productivity enhancement.

           Powered by natural language processing (NLP), (20) ________. They analyze and interpret user inputs to provide relevant responses or perform tasks, learning and adapting based on user behavior over time. Thus, virtual assistants (21) ________ and continuously enhance the accuracy of their responses, are becoming increasingly significant on a global scale. Despite their benefits, these systems also have limitations, particularly in their responses to complex queries or emotionally sensitive topics, as they lack true human understanding.

           Recognizing these limitations, (22) ________. Many developers are focused on refining AI interactions to be more accurate and ethically sounD. As technology progresses, the integration of AI tools into human workflows is expected to become increasingly seamless. Virtual assistants may soon become even more integral to daily life, assisting with a broader range of personal and professional needs.

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

The future of electric vehicles (EVs) is promising, as technological advancements and environmental concerns ___(18)___. As governments worldwide implement stricter emissions regulations and offer incentives for EV adoption, manufacturers are investing heavily in research and development. ___(19)___, resulting in longer ranges and faster charging times. For instance, new solid-state batteries have the potential to enhance energy density and safety, making EVs more practical for everyday use.

Additionally, the rise of autonomous driving technology is set to revolutionize the way we interact with vehicles. Many electric models are now equipped with advanced driver-assistance systems ___(20)___. Furthermore, the Integration of smart technology allows for seamless connectivity, enabling drivers to monitor their vehicle's performance and locate charging Stations through mobile apps.

As charging infrastructure continues to expand, ___(21)___, the convenience of owning an EV is increasing. This transition to electric vehicles not only promises a reduction in carbon emissions but also fosters a cleaner, healthier environment. Overall, ___(22)___ and sustainable transportation.

Read the following asvertisment and mark the leeter A, B, C and D on your answer sheer to indeicate the option that best fit each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Step into Tomorrow with GREEN TECHNOLOGY – Where Science Meets Innovation!

Are you ready (1) _____ the endless possibilities of science and technology? At Green Technology, we're dedicated to revolutionizing the way you live, work, and play. Our cutting-edge innovations and solutions bring the exciting future into the dynamic present, making advanced technology even smarter, significantly faster, and (2) _____ . 

Why Choose Green Technology?

Leading-Edge Products: From AI-powered devices to advanced robotics, we provide you (3) ______  the tools to stay ahead of the curve.

Eco-Friendly Solutions: Harness technology that cares for the planet, with sustainable products (4) ______  to reduce your carbon footprint.

Secure & Reliable: Our experts ensure every solution is built on trust and security, so you can (5) ______ with confidence.

Join the Innovation Revolution

Visit Greentechnology.com today and discover how our products are (6) ______   the gap between science fiction and science reality. Let’s shape the future together—one breakthrough at a time!

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Balancing Work and Study: A Path to Success

Are you thinking about continuing your studies while working? It's not easy, but it's worth it!

Why Study While Working?

- (7) __________ Your Career: By applying what you learn to your job, you can improve your skills and advance professionally.

- Earn While You Learn: Continuing your education while working allows you (8) __________ your job and income while (9) __________ valuable qualifications.

Tips for Success:

- Stay Organized: Create a study (10) __________ that fits around your work.

- Set Small Goals: Break your tasks into (11) __________ manageable parts to avoid feeling overwhelmed.

- Take Breaks: Give yourself time to relax and recharge to stay motivated.

Remember: Balancing work and study can be challenging, but with good time management and determination, you can (12) __________ the demands of both. It's a great way to invest in your future while continuing to meet your current responsibilities!

Complete each sentence using the correct form of the word in brackets.

The organisation had all the staff (attend) ______________________ a seminar on AI applications.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 28 to 32.

[I] Artificial Intelligence (AI) is likely to improve your engagement in non-STEM subjects (Literature, Art, Education, and Humanities). [II] For instance, AI-powered language learning platforms like Duolingo and Rosetta Stone use natural language processing and machine instructions to provide personalised learning experiences. [III] This can help you learn at your own pace and in your own way, thereby, increasing engagement and motivation. [IV]

AI-powered writing and grammar tools such as Grammarly and Hemingway can provide instant feedback and suggestions for alternative phrasing and word choices. By analysing your grammar, vocabulary, and style, these tools can take your writing skills to the next level and help you communicate better.

Similarly, you can play AI-powered educational games in history and social studies classes. Games like Civilization and Age of Empires use AI to create realistic historical simulations that can help you understand historical events and concepts more enjoyably and interactively.

In music and art, there are creative tools such as Amper Music and Dream. These tools use AI to create original music and art based on users’ input. This can provide you with fun and imaginative ways to study these subjects.

AI tools and platforms can be accessible to all students regardless of their geographical location or socio-economic status. If you do not have access to traditional educational resources, you can use your mobile devices to access them free of charge.

Overall, AI can stimulate your interest in non-STEM subjects by providing personalised instructions, creating various learning experiences, and offering real-time feedback and support. As AI technology continues to evolve, you can expect to see even more innovative uses of AI in non-STEM education.

(Adapted from English Workbook 12 – Global Success)

The phrase take your writing skills to the next level in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by .

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Coming from the Czech word 'robota',(18)______. In 1949, the British inventor William Grey Walter introduced the first machine (19)______. Ten years later, the first industrial robotic arm was installed at a General Motors plant in the US. Such robots are mostly used in car and computer industries.

The first robot to use Artificial Intelligence was known as Shakey. (20)______. Shakey could observe its surroundings, create a plan, and find its way across a room or push a box along the floor. Twenty years later, a walking robot called Dante, which was capable of climbing steep slopes, (21)______. The late 1990s marked a milestone in the history of robots when Kismet, a robotic head designed to provoke and react to emotions, was created.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, more robots have been created to improve our life. The first self-driving car was launched on 8 October 2005 when a Volkswagen Touareg named "Stanley' won a racing competition across the desert. In 2012, the AI expert Geoffrey Hinton and his team created the first accurate visual recognition system.

(22) ______. She can imitate human gestures and facial expressions and is able to answer certain questions and to make simple conversations.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Coming from the Czech word 'robota',(18)______. In 1949, the British inventor William Grey Walter introduced the first machine (19)______. Ten years later, the first industrial robotic arm was installed at a General Motors plant in the US. Such robots are mostly used in car and computer industries.

The first robot to use Artificial Intelligence was known as Shakey. (20)______. Shakey could observe its surroundings, create a plan, and find its way across a room or push a box along the floor. Twenty years later, a walking robot called Dante, which was capable of climbing steep slopes, (21)______. The late 1990s marked a milestone in the history of robots when Kismet, a robotic head designed to provoke and react to emotions, was created.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, more robots have been created to improve our life. The first self-driving car was launched on 8 October 2005 when a Volkswagen Touareg named "Stanley' won a racing competition across the desert. In 2012, the AI expert Geoffrey Hinton and his team created the first accurate visual recognition system.

(22) ______. She can imitate human gestures and facial expressions and is able to answer certain questions and to make simple conversations.

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Experience the Future at the Robot Exhibition!

Get ready to immerse ___(1)___ the fascinating world of robotics! This extraordinary exhibition, ___(2)___, stunning designs, and interactive displays, is perfect for all ages. Explore various robots, ___(3)___ amazing capabilities, from performing delicate tasks to engaging in lively conversations. Busy ___(4)___ the innovations shaping our future, you’ll be captivated by the endless possibilities of automation. Don’t miss your chance to ___(5)___ a ticket to the exhibition and witness the latest advancements in robotics firsthand. Join us for an ___(6)___ experience that will inspire and educate. Get your tickets today and step into tomorrow!

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Announcement: Grand Opening of Our High-Tech Center

We are thrilled to announce the grand opening of our brand-new High-Tech Center, a state-of-the-art facility (1) ______ to revolutionize the way we integrate technology into daily life.

The center features cutting-edge advancements, including a (2) ______that ensures security and enhances user convenience. Visitors who would like to see our (3) ______ technology in action are warmly invited to join us for this special event.

The highlight of the center is its ability to (4) ______our demand for efficiency and innovation in various fields. Amazingly, the center intends to replace most of its workers (5) ______ robots, which makes operations faster, smarter, and more cost-effective.

We encourage you to capture this memorable occasion. Don’t forget to get someone (6)_______a picture of us during the ribbon-cutting ceremony!