Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange of text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. More and more companies are embracing this model since they have realised that it reduces operational costs and offers a better work-life balance for staff.

b. Despite its advantages, some challenges remain, such as maintaining team collaboration and ensuring clear communication.

c. It allows employees to work from anywhere, as long as they have an Internet connection, which increases flexibility and productivity.

d. However, remote work is still a great option and has the potential to change the labour market positively.

e. The rise of remote work has completely changed modern working environments and practices.

Complete each sentence using the correct form of the word in brackets.

To convey a strong message, speakers often ______ _______ key points. (EMPHASIS)

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.

1. In recent years, the idea of a six-hour workday has gained attention as a potential solution to modern work-life balance challenges. Sweden is one of the countries where this concept was tested, and the results have been eye-opening.

2. In 2015, a Swedish retirement home introduced a six-hour workday for its nurses. After the experiment, not only were the nurses happier and more energetic, but productivity also increased. The reduced working hours allowed employees to focus better during their shifts, leading to fewer mistakes and better care for patients. Moreover, absenteeism decreased, and employee satisfaction skyrocketed.

3. But how does a shorter workday improve productivity? Research suggests that the traditional eight-hour workday may lead to exhaustion, which causes workers to lose focus and make errors. By working fewer hours, they can maintain higher energy levels and complete tasks more efficiently. Studies from organizations like the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) also show that countries with shorter average working hours, such as Germany and the Netherlands, have higher productivity rates compared to those with longer working hours.

4. Critics argue that a six-hour workday may not be suitable for all industries, and some businesses worry about potential cost increases. However, many proponents believe the long-term benefits, such as improved employee well-being and reduced burnout, outweigh these concerns.

5. As work-life balance becomes a priority in today's society, the six-hour workday could be a glimpse into the future of work, where employees are happier, healthier, and more productive.

(33) Why are Germany and the Netherlands mentioned in paragraph 3?

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Newspapers have long been a key source of information, but in recent years, they have been facing significant changes. The rise of digital technology and the internet (18) __________. While newspapers were once the primary medium for news, today many readers prefer to get their updates through online sources, including websites, social media, and mobile apps.

One of the main reasons for this shift is the convenience and speed of online news. With just a few clicks, readers can access real-time updates on current events. (19) __________. As a result, traditional print newspapers have seen a decline in circulation and advertising revenue.

Despite these challenges, newspapers still hold an important place in the media landscape. Many people continue to value newspapers for their in-depth coverage and investigative reporting. Unlike online news, (20) __________, newspapers provide more detailed analysis and thoughtful commentary. They also follow strict journalistic standards, ensuring that information is accurate and trustworthy.

Some newspapers are adapting to the digital world by offering online versions. They have websites or apps where people can read news and articles. Many newspapers now offer digital subscriptions, (21) __________.

In conclusion, (22) __________, they remain a valuable source of information. By evolving with technology and continuing to provide high-quality journalism, newspapers continue to play a crucial role in informing the public.

Read the following passage about managing change and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. 

Managing change means managing people's fear. Change is natural and good, but people's reaction to change is unpredictable and can be irrational. It can be managed if done right.

Nothing is as upsetting to your people as change. Nothing has greater potential to cause failures, loss of production, or falling quality of work. Yet nothing is as important to the survival of your organization as change. History is full of examples of organizations that failed to change and are now extinct. The secret to successfully managing change, from the perspective of the employees, is definition and understanding.

Resistance to change comes from a fear of the unknown or an expectation of loss. The front end of an individual's resistance to change is how they perceive the change. The back end is how well they are equipped to deal with the change they expect.

An individual's degree of resistance to change is determined by whether they perceive the change as good or bad, and how severe they expect the impact of the change to be on them. Their ultimate acceptance of the change is a function of how much resistance the person has and the quality of their coping skills and their support system.

If you move an employee's desk six inches, they may not notice or care. Yet if the reason you moved it those six inches was to fit in another worker in an adjacent desk, there may be high resistance to the change. It depends on whether the original employee feels the hiring of an additional employee is a threat to his job or perceives the hiring as bringing in some needed assistance.

A promotion is usually considered a good change. However, an employee who doubts their ability to handle the new job may strongly resist the promotion. They will give you all kinds of reasons for not wanting the promotion, just not the real one.

You might expect a higher-level employee to be less concerned about being laid off because they have savings and investments to support them during a job search. However, the individual may feel they are overextended and that a job search will be long and complicated. Conversely, your concern for a low-income employee being laid off may be unfounded if they have stashed a nest egg in anticipation of the cut.

Your best salesperson may balk at taking on new, high-potential account because they have an irrational feeling that they don't dress well enough.

If you try and bulldoze this resistance, you will fail. [A] The employee whose desk you had to move will develop production problems. [B] The top worker who keeps declining the promotion may quit rather than have to continue making up excuses for turning you down. [C] And the top salesperson's sales may drop to the point that you stop considering them for the new account. [D]

Which of the following is True about change?

Read the following passage about career paths and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Choosing a career path is a significant decision that can impact an individual's life in various ways. Many factors influence this decision, including personal interests, skills, and market demand. It's essential to find a career that aligns with one's passions and strengths to ensure long-term satisfaction and success.

One popular career path is in the field of technology. With the rapid advancement of technology, there is a growing demand for professionals with expertise in areas such as software development, cybersecurity, and data analysis. These careers not only offer high salaries but also opportunities for continuous learning and growth.

Another promising field is healthcare. Careers in healthcare, such as nursing, medical research, and healthcare administration, provide a chance to make a meaningful impact on people's lives. The healthcare industry is also known for its job stability and growth potential.

Education is another vital sector that offers rewarding career paths. Teachers, school administrators, and education consultants play a crucial role in shaping the future by educating the next generation. Despite the challenges, careers in education are fulfilling and offer opportunities for professional development.

Entrepreneurship is an alternative career path that attracts many individuals. Starting a business involves risks but also offers the potential for significant rewards. Entrepreneurs have the freedom to innovate and create solutions that can benefit society.

The word "rapid" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:

Read the following promotion announcement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that bestfits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12

ANNOUNCEMENT: PROMOTION OF JOHN PATTINSON TO MANAGER

To all staff members,

We are pleased (7) _________ John Pattinson’s promotion from the post of Junior Manager to Manager who came to us from GNDU, Amritsar and(28)_________ part of our organisation for the past 7 years. Over these 7 years, he has held many (9)________ and worked honestly with complete dedication.

With his good experience with us, we are sure he will show up a splendid (10)________. In a manager position, John will head many departments and responsible (11)______ conducting different HR roles.

The company has thought to (12)___________him through  a success party and wish him a great future for his success. So, do join us for this party.

Sincerely,

Your Name

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C and D on your answer sheer to indicate the option that best fit each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6

LOOKING FOR ENGLISH SPEAKING NANNIES (PARIS)

Looking for a flexible and fun job (1) ______ you can speak English to children? Look no further!

Be My Nounou changes the game by promoting an innovative, fun and (2) ______ approach to

babysitting that benefits everyone; parents, children and nannies.

Your role as an English-speaking babysitter:

We are looking for creative and (3) ______ babysitters, with a strong sense of responsibility, ready to form lasting memories with children as well as to playfully teach them English in a fun and natural way.

Usual daily responsibilities include: school pick-up, preparing meals and snacks, (4) ______ the child's safety, playing and being imaginative when (5) ______ activities together.

Your Profile:

• Fluent in English, no need to speak French.

• Experience (6) ______ childcare, formal or informal (overall, a competent understanding of children's needs).

• Fun!

Key Skills: Creativity, curiosity, autonomy, patience, positive thinking, English-speaking.

Read the following passage about the benefits and challenges of remote work and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

[I] The rise of remote work has transformed the modern workplace, offering flexibility and a better work-life balance for employees around the world (Bloom et al., 2015). [II] This trend, accelerated by technological advancements and the COVID-19 pandemic, allows employees to work from home or any location with internet access (Gajendran & Harrison, 2007). [III] While remote work provides numerous benefits, it also presents challenges that organizations and employees must address to remain productive and engaged. [IV]

One of the main benefits of remote work is increased flexibility. Employees can manage their time more effectively, which often leads to higher job satisfaction and reduced stress. Furthermore, remote work eliminates the need for daily commutes, saving time and reducing transportation expenses. Many employees report feeling more empowered to control their schedules, allowing them to better balance personal and professional responsibilities.

However, remote work also comes with significant challenges. Isolation is a common issue, as employees miss out on face-to-face interactions and team bonding, which are important for mental well-being and collaboration. Studies have shown that prolonged isolation can lead to feelings of loneliness, reducing job satisfaction and affecting mental health (Ozcelik & Barsade, 2018). Additionally, remote workers may struggle to maintain boundaries between work and personal life, leading to overwork and burnout.

To make remote work successful, companies need to implement strategies that support employee well-being and productivity. Providing tools for virtual collaboration, setting clear work-life boundaries, and encouraging regular team check-ins can help mitigate the challenges of remote work. By balancing flexibility with structured support, organizations can create a sustainable remote work environment that benefits both employers and employees (Larson & DeChurch, 2020).

The phrase "work-life balance" in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by ____.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, Cor D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

School Career Orientation: Discover Your Future!

Join us for an exciting School Career Orientation designed to help you explore various career ___(7)___! Whether you’re just starting to think about your future or ready to make decisions, this event has something for everyone.

What to Expect:

• ___(8)___ Activities: ___(9)___ interactive workshops where you can experience different professions firsthand.

• Meet Professionals: Connect with industry experts who can share insights and answer your questions.

• Explore Options: Learn about various career paths and find out how to pursue ___(10)___ field of interest.

Don’t miss this opportunity to gain valuable knowledge ___(11)___ your future success. With a ___(12)___ simple steps, you can take charge of your career journey!

Read the following passage about Asia’s culture and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions

Vocational education plays a critical role in modern education systems around the world. Unlike traditional academic routes, it focuses on providing students with practical skills and specialized knowledge that are directly applicable in various industries. For many students, vocational education serves as a gateway to careers in high-demand fields such as healthcare, construction, information technology, and hospitality. This form of education offers students a more hands-on approach compared to traditional academic programs.

One of the key benefits of vocational education is its ability to combat unemployment. By equipping students with marketable skills, they are more likely to find stable employment. Moreover, vocational education plays a crucial role in addressing the skills gap in industries that require specialized technical expertise. For example, sectors like healthcare and technology have witnessed rapid growth in demand for skilled professionals, and vocational programs are essential in producing a workforce capable of meeting this need.

Despite its numerous advantages, vocational education often faces criticism for being perceived as less prestigious than a university degree. Some people argue that academic degrees offer broader career opportunities and greater versatility. However, this perception is gradually changing as more people recognize the value of vocational training. In fact, vocational education not only provides a clear path to employment but also offers long-term career prospects, including the potential for career advancement and higher salaries.

With the constant evolution of technology, vocational education programs are continuously adapting to prepare students for emerging industries and trends. By incorporating the latest technologies and innovations into their curricula, vocational programs ensure that their graduates remain competitive in an ever-changing job market, making vocational education a valuable and future-proof investment for both students and employers alike.

The word prestigious in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to:

Read the following passage about the Youth unemployment and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

    [I] Youth unemployment has become a pressing issue in Vietnam in recent years, particularly among graduates. [II] As the economy continues to grow, the influx of young people entering the workforce has outpaced the availability of suitable jobs. [III] Various factors contribute to this challenge, leading to significant consequences for both the economy and society. [IV]

    Many factors push young people into unemployment. For instance, a mismatch between education and job market demands often leaves graduates without the skills that employers require. Furthermore, the competitive job market means that even qualified candidates struggle to secure positions. In contrast, there are opportunities that attract youth to urban centers, where industries are more concentrated, providing potential access to better employment prospects and a higher standard of living.

    The impacts of youth unemployment are far-reaching. First, high unemployment rates can lead to increased poverty levels among young adults, which in turn affects their overall well-being and mental health. Additionally, the lack of stable jobs can result in social unrest, as frustrated youth may engage in protests or other forms of activism. Finally, this phenomenon can lead to a brain drain, where skilled young people migrate abroad in search of better opportunities, further depleting the local talent pool.

    Addressing youth unemployment is a complex challenge that requires a comprehensive understanding of its causes and effects. By implementing effective educational programs, fostering entrepreneurship, and encouraging job creation in various sectors, Vietnam can better support its youth, providing them with opportunities for fulfilling careers and contributing to the economy without sacrificing social stability.

According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT a push factor?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

1. The question of whether young teenagers should use social media is being discussed more than ever. [I] Some people worry that social media can harm young people because it allows them to easily access harmful content. [II] Although these concerns have been around for a long time, the level of worry has grown. [III] Recently, some experts have pointed to rising rates of anxiety, depression, and eating disorders among young people, suggesting that excessive social media use may be linked to these issues. [IV] However, there is still little clear evidence to show that social media is the direct cause of these problems.

2. While many people are concerned about the dangers of social media, it is important to look at facts and evidence. Young people, who are often not included in these discussions, generally believe that banning social media is not the answer. Instead, they call for better education about the potential dangers of the digital world. Young people want to learn how to think critically about online risks, and they want to be able to ask questions and receive useful answers. They also want to feel confident that they can talk to trusted adults if they experience something upsetting online.

3. As teenagers grow older, they tend to rely more on their friends for advice than on their parents. This change in behavior may be because many young people feel that adults are more focused on controlling their online activities than understanding their needs. It may seem like a simple idea to ban social media for young people, but these rules are difficult to enforce and can often be bypassed. History shows that prohibitions, such as those aimed at controlling drug or alcohol use, are not always effective in preventing harm.

4. Rather than relying on bans, it would be more effective to focus on educating young people and providing them with the support they need. Adults must become better informed about the risks young people face online and be ready to offer help when they need it. Involving young people in these discussions and listening to their concerns is essential to finding better solutions for online safety.

Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

Read the following promotion announcement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that bestfits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12

ANNOUNCEMENT: PROMOTION OF JOHN PATTINSON TO MANAGER

To all staff members,

We are pleased (7) _________ John Pattinson’s promotion from the post of Junior Manager to Manager who came to us from GNDU, Amritsar and(28)_________ part of our organisation for the past 7 years. Over these 7 years, he has held many (9)________ and worked honestly with complete dedication.

With his good experience with us, we are sure he will show up a splendid (10)________. In a manager position, John will head many departments and responsible (11)______ conducting different HR roles.

The company has thought to (12)___________him through  a success party and wish him a great future for his success. So, do join us for this party.

Sincerely,

Your Name

Read the following leaflet about a new travel platform and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12

BITCOIN TRADING BOOTCAMP FOR BEGINNERS

Are you curious about bitcoin but overpowered by all the complexity?

Fast-Track Learning: We (7) __________  the basics and fast-track your learning, (8) __________   you don’t waste months trying to understand bitcoin on your own. In just (9) __________  weeks, you’ll have a solid grasp of the essentials.
Real-World Skills: Learn directly from (10) __________ professionals, covering everything from understanding chain to making informed trades.

Exclusive Job Opportunity: Complete our program (11)__________, and you’ll be considered for a role with Blocksage Capital.

Who Should Apply:

Beginners with zero experience in bitcoin or finance
Individuals eager to learn a new skill and potentially start a career in bitcoin
Those looking for a side hustle or new career (12) __________  with real growth potential

Read the following advertisment and mark the letter A, B, C and D on your answer sheer to indeicate the option that best fit each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

INSURANCE TELESALES

Do you (1) _______ previous sales experience? Are you (2) _______ from January 6th until the end of March? We are currently looking for someone to deal (3)_______  insurance renewals sales. The role will involve (4)_______ existing customers and asking them if they intend to (5) _______, and if necessary, discuss how we can keep them as a customer. The role is a 3-month fixed term contract. The hours of work will be 8.45am until 5pm Monday to Friday. We are looking for a hard worker (6)_______computer and has a good telephone manner.

Read the following passage about career paths and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Choosing a career path is a significant decision that can impact an individual's life in various ways. Many factors influence this decision, including personal interests, skills, and market demand. It's essential to find a career that aligns with one's passions and strengths to ensure long-term satisfaction and success.

One popular career path is in the field of technology. With the rapid advancement of technology, there is a growing demand for professionals with expertise in areas such as software development, cybersecurity, and data analysis. These careers not only offer high salaries but also opportunities for continuous learning and growth.

Another promising field is healthcare. Careers in healthcare, such as nursing, medical research, and healthcare administration, provide a chance to make a meaningful impact on people's lives. The healthcare industry is also known for its job stability and growth potential.

Education is another vital sector that offers rewarding career paths. Teachers, school administrators, and education consultants play a crucial role in shaping the future by educating the next generation. Despite the challenges, careers in education are fulfilling and offer opportunities for professional development.

Entrepreneurship is an alternative career path that attracts many individuals. Starting a business involves risks but also offers the potential for significant rewards. Entrepreneurs have the freedom to innovate and create solutions that can benefit society.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor influencing career choice?

Read the following leaflet about a new travel platform and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12

BITCOIN TRADING BOOTCAMP FOR BEGINNERS

Are you curious about bitcoin but overpowered by all the complexity?

Fast-Track Learning: We (7) __________  the basics and fast-track your learning, (8) __________   you don’t waste months trying to understand bitcoin on your own. In just (9) __________  weeks, you’ll have a solid grasp of the essentials.
Real-World Skills: Learn directly from (10) __________ professionals, covering everything from understanding chain to making informed trades.

Exclusive Job Opportunity: Complete our program (11)__________, and you’ll be considered for a role with Blocksage Capital.

Who Should Apply:

Beginners with zero experience in bitcoin or finance
Individuals eager to learn a new skill and potentially start a career in bitcoin
Those looking for a side hustle or new career (12) __________  with real growth potential

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

WELCOME AND ORIENTATION AT LANGLEY COLLEGE

Welcome to Langley College! Classes start next Monday, but you ___(1)___ visit the college from now.

We have a modern sports centre ___(2)___ for £79/year or £6.70/visit. Our café ___(3)___ from 8 AM to 9 PM on weekdays, ___(4)___ convenient for you to relax before or after classes.

Meet your teachers from 8 AM to 12 AM tomorrow ___(5)___ course information.

Remember to bring a photo for your student ID card on Monday. ID cards will be ready for ___(6)___ next Friday.

Contact Mrs. Myatt, the receptionist, at 990-365-4127.

Enjoy your time at Langley College!