Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks.

        Different relationships affect teenagers in various ways. Friends impact teenagers (18) __________. Teenagers go to their friends for help or to ask questions that they could not ask their parents about. Most of the time their friends give them good advice. In most cases they tell their friends how to dress and act (19) __________ .Love relationships just make it even harder for a teenager to get a good education. Some start to fail in school (20) __________ .Parents have a big influence on teenagers because their children look up to them and the majority of them grow up to act and do things just like their parents did with them. Children (21) __________ may have lower achievements than children brought up in an intact family.As previously stated, teenagers are affected by many relationships which involve their friends, family, and their love relationships. The relationships affect them so much that (22) __________about how they should live their lives in a different way and to change their future goals. They should be influenced to help (23) __________ or to help others.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

1. A group of teenagers and young adults from the U.S. and the U.K. are among the most common cyber attackers today, according to Charles Carmakal, the CTO of Mandiant Consulting. He shared this information during a media briefing at the RSA Conference. They typically speak English as their first language and are very skilled at tricking people, also known as social engineering.

2. These young hackers were responsible for some of the biggest cyber attacks last year, including breaches at companies like Twilio, Uber, and Okta. The attack on Twilio affected at least 163 other victims, making the damage even worse. Carmakal said, "We've seen very young individuals break into some of the biggest organizations by leveraging these techniques that are so hard to defend against."

3. These attackers use personalized tricks to convince people to visit harmful websites and share sensitive information, like passwords and multi-factor authentication codes. Carmakal explained, "It's all traversing through the cellular network so enterprises aren't able to even monitor this and detect it," making it harder for companies to protect themselves.

4. Groups like Oktapus and Lapsus$ are known for using threats and harassment in their attacks. They target not only companies but also the families of employees. Carmakal shared, "It's a very different story if you're an executive of the company, and your daughter is being harassed by a threat actor." These personal attacks often make it more likely for victims to pay the ransom, as Carmakal said, "Your desire to pay or your willingness to pay shoots up tenfold when you're dealing with personal attacks."

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Preserving Africa's Cultural Heritage

1. Cultural preservation in Africa focuses on protecting both tangible and intangible heritage for future generations. This includes conserving artefacts, traditions, languages, and practices of cultural significance. The African Union High-Level Panel on Emerging Technologies (APET) recognizes 3D printing as a key tool in this effort. This cutting-edge technology offers a precise and non-invasive way to replicate and restore artefacts, buildings, and landmarks that are damaged or lost. By adding materials layer by layer, 3D printing allows detailed restoration and replication.

2. APET highlights how 3D printing is transforming cultural preservation. For example, the Iziko Museums in Cape Town use it to replicate San rock art, protecting the originals from damage. In Egypt, researchers use the technology to restore ancient hieroglyphs on temples. At Great Zimbabwe, 3D-printed bricks are being used for restoration where traditional materials are unavailable. These examples demonstrate the value of 3D printing in addressing restoration challenges.

3. Additionally, 3D printing makes cultural heritage more accessible by allowing museums to create replicas for travelling exhibits, bringing historical treasures to distant communities. Schools and universities use 3D-printed artefacts for hands-on learning, helping students connect with their history. Digital 3D scanning creates detailed models stored online, enabling global access and collaboration.

4. APET suggests that national 3D cultural preservation programmes can document heritage sites and train local communities in 3D technology. This approach not only protects heritage but also creates jobs and empowers communities. Open-access policies further encourage education and innovation using 3D models. Investing in 3D printing infrastructure for tourism and restoration can boost local economies. Integrating 3D printing into creative industries ensures Africa's heritage is protected while supporting economic growth.

The word cutting-edge in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by __________.

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Emotional Regulation: A Key to Teen Mental Health

Emotional regulation is a key part of mental health for teenagers but is often overlooked. It is the ability to manage intense feelings like anger and anxiety. (18) _______, teenagers may experience increased stress, leading to depression or other mental health challenges.

One key part of emotional regulation is understanding what causes certain emotions. Hormonal changes often lead to stress and emotional intensity in teenagers. The responsibilities of growing independence can further increase these challenges. (19) _______.

Building resilience is a key part of emotional regulation. Teens, supported by habits like problem-solving and viewing failure as a chance to grow, can handle challenges more confidently. (20) _______, they gain emotional support that helps them stay positive. These relationships are essential for fostering an optimistic outlook.

(21) _______. Providing nurturing environments, teaching emotional intelligence, and improving communication are all necessary steps. By focusing on emotional regulation, teens can not only manage stress but also gain essential life skills, (22) _______.

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

☛ Join Us for a Unique Workshop on Cultural Heritage!

✔ Date: 25–29 November

✔ Location: Bucharest, Romania

Discover how to safeguard (1) _______ while promoting sustainable development in communities! This capacity-building workshop focuses on empowering local participation, ensuring social equity, and (2) _______ sustainable growth.

Who Should Attend?

(3) _______ in:

✔ Culture management

✔ Museology

✔ Environmental conservation

✔ Heritage education

✔ Youth engagement

✔ Community initiatives and local development

What's in It for You?

✔ Practical skills and knowledge for cultural heritage safeguarding.

✔ Insights (4) _______ sustainable development and community empowerment.

✔ Opportunities to network with experts and peers.

(5) _______ by the Regional Centre for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage in South-Eastern Europe, UNESCO, and the Ministry of Culture in Romania. Hosted at the National Museum of the Romanian Peasant in Bucharest.

Facilitators: Ms. Ioana Baskerville and Mr. Julio Sa Rego, UNESCO experts.

Don't miss this chance (6) _______ to preserving cultural heritage for a better future!

Register now!

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Vietnam's population structure has undergone major changes over the last 40 years. (18) __________. This phase is marked by a large working-age population (15-64 years), which is double the size of the dependent group (under 15 and over 65). This demographic advantage provides a chance for significant socio-economic growth. (19) __________ by putting in place suitable policies in the areas of healthcare, education, and economic development.

However, Vietnam is also experiencing rapid population aging. (20) __________. As a result, the country will transition from an "aging" to an "aged" population in the next 20 years.

Additionally, the number of women aged 15-49 will continue to rise for the next 15 years, (21) __________. Vietnam also faces a serious sex ratio imbalance, with more boys being born than girls. This imbalance could lead to long-term social and economic problems, such as gender discrimination.

Given these changes, (22) __________ that address the needs of different groups, ensuring no one is left behind in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

VAPING: KNOW THE RISKS BEFORE YOU VAPE

What is Vaping?

Vaping involves using a small, handheld device (like e-cigarettes, vape pens, or mods) to inhale a mist made from nicotine and flavoring (e-liquid). Unlike smoking, vaping heats the liquid (7) __________ burning tobacco.

How Does Vaping Work?

Vaping works by heating the liquid inside the device to create a mist that you breathe into your lungs. This mist contains nicotine, flavoring, and (8) __________ chemicals that can reach deep into your lungs.

The Risks of Vaping

While vaping might seem safer than smoking, it carries serious health risks:

✔ Lung problems: Vaping can cause asthma, lung scarring, and (9) __________ like EVALI.

✔ Addiction: Nicotine is highly addictive and can change your brain, (10) __________ it hard to quit.

✔ Heart and brain damage: Chemicals in e-liquids can harm your heart and brain.

✔ Cancer risks: Some substances in e-liquids (11) __________ to cancer.

Protect Your Health

Vaping isn't as safe as it seems. Stay aware and make (12) __________ informed decisions about your health.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of  the numbered blanks from 18 to 23. 

        Different relationships affect teenagers in various ways. Friends impact teenagers(18) _______ .Teenagers go to their friends for help or to ask questions that they could not ask their parents about. Most of the time their friends give them good advice. In most cases they tell their friends how to dress and act (19)_______ .Love relationships just make it even harder for a teenager to get a good education. Some start to fail in school (20) _______ .Parents have a big influence on teenagers because their children look up to them and the majority of them grow up to act and (21) _______ things just like their parents did with them. Children (22) _______may have lower achievements than children brought up in an intact family.As previously stated, teenagers are affected by many relationships which involve their friends, family, and their love relationships. The relationships affect them so much that most people teenagers their ideas about how they should live (23)_______ lives in a different way and to change their future goals. They should be influenced to help themselves or to help others.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Teens should have the ability to __________ loneliness.

Read the following advertisement/announcement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 10 to 15.

HOW TO FIGHT AGAINST SOCIAL ISSUES

- Are you (13) __________  about the pressing social issues facing our society today?

- Take a stand against overpopulation, (14) __________, crime, and body shaming.

- Join us in creating a better world for all.

+ Stand up, speak out, and make a difference.

+ Together, we (15) __________tackle these challenges head-on and create a more inclusive and compassionate community.

+ Let's work together to combat  these social issues and build a brighter future for everyone.

- Join the movement today!

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17

a. In addition, students should be taught about natural and cultural importance of the heritage sites.

b. This can result in the fact that people’s awareness of preserving heritage sites will be raised.

c. Best regards,

d. First, it’s a good idea to spread information on social media as more people will get useful information quickly.

e. Dear Mimi, I hope you’re well. I am thinking about how to preserve heritage sites in my local community.

f. Preserving heritages sites plays a pivotal role in keeping our traditions alive.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of  the numbered blanks from 18 to 23. 

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF PRESERVING CULTURAL HERITAGE?

The cultural heritage and its history show the identity and values of a country, which can be introduced to the world. Therefore, (18) _________such as historical sites, buildings, landmarks and even monuments. Another reason for preserving one's heritage and culture is that traditional values and customs should be passed down from one generation to the next. The value of this is very important for not only the minority groups (19) _________.

So, what can we do to help preserve cultural heritage?

It simply starts with (20)_______. A nation is able to preserve their cultural heritage through education. The future generation should be taught and encouraged to learn about the importance of the cultural heritage at school. In the modern world, social media also plays an extremely important role in creating awareness and (21)_______.

Besides, we should control local tourism and avoid (22) _______although it also helps us to introduce our cultural heritage. Each tourism destination should identify an acceptable level of travelers. This also helps to prevent overcrowding and (23) _______.We should begin to take an active role in conserving our cultural assets for future generations.

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

✱ Explore the Urban Heritage Atlas

Discover the beauty and history of the world's most unique cities with the Urban Heritage Atlas—a (7) _______ resource for anyone passionate about cultural heritage.

What Does It Offer?

✔ A Cultural Archive: Learn about historic cities, vernacular architecture, and traditional building (8) _______.

✔ Cultural Mapping: Understand the unique features that make each city special, from buildings to cultural (9) _______.

✔ Learning Resource: Build knowledge about (10) _______ urban heritage and how to conserve it.

Why is it Important?

✔ Urban heritage is more than monuments—it's about stories, communities, and culture.

✔ This atlas helps authorities and individuals protect historic areas and manage them wisely.

✔ Supports cities on the UNESCO World Heritage List and (11) _______ waiting for recognition.

Whether you're a researcher, a city planner, (12) _______ a heritage enthusiast, the Urban Heritage Atlas is your gateway to understanding and preserving the world's most meaningful historic places.

Get your copy today and start exploring!

Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. Additionally, restoring heritage sites can boost tourism, which benefits local economies and communities.

b. In my opinion, restoring heritage sites is essential as they represent important aspects of our history and culture.

c. It is crucial, however, that the restoration process respects the original design and significance of the site to maintain its historical value.

d. These sites offer valuable insights into past societies, allowing us to understand and appreciate different cultural traditions.

e. Through careful restoration, we can preserve architectural landmarks and prevent their deterioration.

Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. Their academic performance often declines because they struggle to concentrate and lack motivation.

b. Over time, these negative effects can limit their ability to make important life decisions and build a successful future.

c. Domestic violence has a serious impact on teenagers, affecting both their mental health and personal development.

d. Many experience constant fear and stress, which can lead to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.

e. It also affects their social relationships, making it difficult for them to trust others or communicate their emotions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

       Nowadays more and more teenagers are getting involved in community activities. Some may join different charity groups to help the needy in their neighborhoods or other areas.  (18)_______  and develop their own plans to help people in the community. These may include various community activities, such as donating old clothes, (19)_______ , and organizing after-school activities for children.

          (20)_______  , they gain numerous benefits. First, they come into contact with other teenagers who share similar interests. Secondly, teenagers can learn and improve  (21)_______ . Thirdly, community activities can increase teenagers' self-confidence and  (22)_______ . Finally, doing volunteer work in the community is the perfect opportunity  (23)_______  essential leadership experience that all employers want to see.

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Misinformation is incorrect or misleading information. It can sometimes happen by mistake, but often it is intentionally exaggerated. This can be done by using catchy headlines or taking details out of context to make a story more interesting. Misinformation online is growing, and (18) __________.

Social media has become a main source of news, which has helped misinformation spread. Anyone with a social media account can share news, and (19) __________. On social media, posts that grab attention are more likely to go viral, (20) __________. Social psychologist Jonathan Haidt says that "outrage is the key to virality," meaning that shocking or emotional posts are shared more often. This leads to misinformation spreading quickly.

MIT researchers found that fake news (21) __________. When misinformation goes viral, corrections often do not reach as many people and are less likely to be believed. Platforms like TikTok have also contributed to this problem, with studies (22) __________, especially in areas like health.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the  correct answer to each of the questions

Bullying, intentional harm-doing or harassment that is directed toward vulnerable targets and typically repeated. Bullying encompasses a wide range of malicious aggressive behaviours, including physical violence, verbal mockery, threats, ostracism, and rumors spread either orally or by other means of communication, such as the Internet.

Bullying in educational settings remains a commonplace everyday experience. In Europe significant attention to school bullying began in the early 1970s, in part because of the efforts of Olweus, as well as a widely publicized trio of victim suicides in Norway in 1983. A spate of school shootings in the late 1990s brought further media attention to the subject of school bullying, and concern was renewed during a later series of bullying-related suicides in Canada and the United States. A US national study published at the turn of the 21st century documented that bullying and other forms of aggression affected approximately 30 percent, or 5.7 million, middle-to-high-school students in the then-current school term.

Although the root causes of bullying remain unclear, its consequences for victims are abundantly apparent. The U.S Secret Service in conjunction with the U.S Department of Education found that bullying was a factor in the majority of “incidents of targeted school violence” in the last two and a half decades of the 20th century. Victimization is also significantly related to suicidal ideation, social isolation, anxiety and depression, low self-esteem, physical health problems, and diminished academic performance and school attachment. Many of these effects can last well into adulthood.

However, victims are not the only ones who suffer from bullying. For many outcomes, bully-victims often fare the worst on a variety of measures, but pure bullies also experience difficulties. They are at increased risk of subsequent mental health problems and are likely to encounter difficulty maintaining positive relationships as adults. More significantly, bullies are considerably more likely to be convicted of crimes and incarcerated as young adults.

Some youth nevertheless use bullying as a way to gain social status among peers. These adolescents may be more strategic in how they choose their targets, and they are also likely to be among the more popular students in school. For at least some of them, bullying and harassment effectively boost their status and influence among schoolmates by winning the admiration of peers or by tearing down social rivals. Generally speaking, however, bullying is more effective at harming victims than aiding aggressors

What could be the best title of this passage?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following sentences.

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Misinformation is incorrect or misleading information. It can sometimes happen by mistake, but often it is intentionally exaggerated. This can be done by using catchy headlines or taking details out of context to make a story more interesting. Misinformation online is growing, and (18) __________.

Social media has become a main source of news, which has helped misinformation spread. Anyone with a social media account can share news, and (19) __________. On social media, posts that grab attention are more likely to go viral, (20) __________. Social psychologist Jonathan Haidt says that "outrage is the key to virality," meaning that shocking or emotional posts are shared more often. This leads to misinformation spreading quickly.

MIT researchers found that fake news (21) __________. When misinformation goes viral, corrections often do not reach as many people and are less likely to be believed. Platforms like TikTok have also contributed to this problem, with studies (22) __________, especially in areas like health.

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

VAPING: KNOW THE RISKS BEFORE YOU VAPE

What is Vaping?

Vaping involves using a small, handheld device (like e-cigarettes, vape pens, or mods) to inhale a mist made from nicotine and flavoring (e-liquid). Unlike smoking, vaping heats the liquid (7) __________ burning tobacco.

How Does Vaping Work?

Vaping works by heating the liquid inside the device to create a mist that you breathe into your lungs. This mist contains nicotine, flavoring, and (8) __________ chemicals that can reach deep into your lungs.

The Risks of Vaping

While vaping might seem safer than smoking, it carries serious health risks:

✔ Lung problems: Vaping can cause asthma, lung scarring, and (9) __________ like EVALI.

✔ Addiction: Nicotine is highly addictive and can change your brain, (10) __________ it hard to quit.

✔ Heart and brain damage: Chemicals in e-liquids can harm your heart and brain.

✔ Cancer risks: Some substances in e-liquids (11) __________ to cancer.

Protect Your Health

Vaping isn't as safe as it seems. Stay aware and make (12) __________ informed decisions about your health.