Read the following passage about gender equality and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22 

Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. It is estimated that ___(18)___. Unfortunately, at the current time, 1 in 5 women and girls between the ages of 15-49 have reported experiencing physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner within a 12-month period and 49 countries currently have no laws ___(19)___. This type of violence doesn’t just harm individual women and girls, it also undermines ___(20)___ and hinders their active involvement in society. Progress is occurring regarding harmful practices such as child marriage and FGM (Female Genital Mutilation), ___(21)___, but there is still much work to be done to complete eliminate such practices.

Providing women and girls with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and ___(22)___ will fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large. Implementing new legal frameworks regarding female equality in the workplace and the eradication of harmful practices targeted at women is crucial to ending the gender-based discrimination prevalent in many countries around the world.

Read the following passage about A Fundamental Right and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of human rights that emphasizes the equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, regardless of their gender. This principle is crucial for creating a just and equitable society where everyone can thrive. Despite significant progress in recent decades, gender inequality remains a pressing issue worldwide, affecting various aspects of life, including education, employment, and health.

One of the key areas where gender inequality is evident is in the workplace. Women often face barriers to career advancement, receiving lower salaries than their male counterparts for similar roles. This pay gap is not just a statistic; it impacts families and communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting economic growth. Initiatives aimed at closing the gender pay gap are essential, but they require collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

In education, disparities also exist. While more girls are attending school than ever before, they are often encouraged to pursue traditionally feminine fields, such as teaching or nursing, rather than STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. This limitation restricts their potential and undermines the diversity needed in these critical sectors. Encouraging girls to explore all fields of study is essential for fostering innovation and equality.

Moreover, societal norms and stereotypes play a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Many cultures still uphold the belief that certain roles are inherently suited for men or women, leading to discrimination and violence against those who defy these norms. Addressing these societal attitudes is vital for achieving true gender equality. Campaigns that challenge stereotypes and promote positive role models can help shift perceptions and create a more inclusive environment.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage about A Fundamental Right and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of human rights that emphasizes the equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, regardless of their gender. This principle is crucial for creating a just and equitable society where everyone can thrive. Despite significant progress in recent decades, gender inequality remains a pressing issue worldwide, affecting various aspects of life, including education, employment, and health.

One of the key areas where gender inequality is evident is in the workplace. Women often face barriers to career advancement, receiving lower salaries than their male counterparts for similar roles. This pay gap is not just a statistic; it impacts families and communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting economic growth. Initiatives aimed at closing the gender pay gap are essential, but they require collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

In education, disparities also exist. While more girls are attending school than ever before, they are often encouraged to pursue traditionally feminine fields, such as teaching or nursing, rather than STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. This limitation restricts their potential and undermines the diversity needed in these critical sectors. Encouraging girls to explore all fields of study is essential for fostering innovation and equality.

Moreover, societal norms and stereotypes play a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Many cultures still uphold the belief that certain roles are inherently suited for men or women, leading to discrimination and violence against those who defy these norms. Addressing these societal attitudes is vital for achieving true gender equality. Campaigns that challenge stereotypes and promote positive role models can help shift perceptions and create a more inclusive environment.

The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to________.

Read the following passage about gender equality and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22 

In the professional or career world, a gap year is a year before going to college or university and after ___(18)___ taking a year off before going into graduate school after completing a bachelor as an undergraduate. During this time, students may engage in advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses and non-academic courses, ___(19)___, language studies, learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships, sports and more. Gap years are sometimes considered a way for students to become independent and ___(20)___ prior to engaging in university life.

Australians and New Zealanders have a tradition of travelling overseas independently at a young age. In New Zealand, ___(21)___. Sometimes, an OE is limited to one year, but often Australians and New Zealanders will remain overseas for three to five years, with many working short-term in service industry jobs to fund ___(22)___.

Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. Ben: Yes, I think it's a great idea!

b. Anna: Let's meet at the park entrance at 8 AM to start together.

c. Anna: Hi Ben, are you joining the clean-up this weekend?

Find the mistake: I can speak a few French.

Read the following passage about gender equality and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22

Without music and sport classes, a child's talent in these areas may never be discovered and developed. In fact, classrooms may provide an environment ___(18)___. Furthermore, even for the children with extraordinary talents, their capabilities may not fully grow unless ___(19)___. Children may also learn to be disciplined and ___(20)___, because success in these particular areas requires a significant amount of effort in training. In brief, school education may satisfy some of the most critical factors in the early progress of the future music and sport figures.

___(21)___, the provision of both academic, music and sports education is mandatory for an all-rounded growth of young students. If learning to sing or to play a sport, for example, is treated as an extracurricular activity only, children may consider the engagement in it to be entirely optional. Some children, particularly those without a determined mindset, may eventually choose not to play sports and music. Such a group may consequently go on to suffer from physical or mental illness in later life.

To conclude, to ensure the adequate physical and mental development of the next generation, and ___(22)___, these subjects must never be abandoned in any child educational institution.

Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence.

Companies make boxes out of cardboard because it’s a cheap material.

=> Boxes _____________________________________.

Choose the correct arrangement of the sentences to make a meaningful paragraph in each of the following questions.

a. First, girls who receive an education are less likely to marry young.

b. Girls' education is incredibly important because of several reasons.

c. In conclusion, education gives girls the opportunity to have a better life and give back to their communities.

d. Second, they can have better job skills and can earn higher salaries.

e. Moreover, educated girls can help their communities by making positive changes.

Read the following passage about gender equality and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22 

In the professional or career world, a gap year is a year before going to college or university and after ___(18)___ taking a year off before going into graduate school after completing a bachelor as an undergraduate. During this time, students may engage in advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses and non-academic courses, ___(19)___, language studies, learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships, sports and more. Gap years are sometimes considered a way for students to become independent and ___(20)___ prior to engaging in university life.

Australians and New Zealanders have a tradition of travelling overseas independently at a young age. In New Zealand, ___(21)___. Sometimes, an OE is limited to one year, but often Australians and New Zealanders will remain overseas for three to five years, with many working short-term in service industry jobs to fund ___(22)___.

Read the following passage about A Fundamental Right and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of human rights that emphasizes the equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, regardless of their gender. This principle is crucial for creating a just and equitable society where everyone can thrive. Despite significant progress in recent decades, gender inequality remains a pressing issue worldwide, affecting various aspects of life, including education, employment, and health.

One of the key areas where gender inequality is evident is in the workplace. Women often face barriers to career advancement, receiving lower salaries than their male counterparts for similar roles. This pay gap is not just a statistic; it impacts families and communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting economic growth. Initiatives aimed at closing the gender pay gap are essential, but they require collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

In education, disparities also exist. While more girls are attending school than ever before, they are often encouraged to pursue traditionally feminine fields, such as teaching or nursing, rather than STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. This limitation restricts their potential and undermines the diversity needed in these critical sectors. Encouraging girls to explore all fields of study is essential for fostering innovation and equality.

Moreover, societal norms and stereotypes play a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Many cultures still uphold the belief that certain roles are inherently suited for men or women, leading to discrimination and violence against those who defy these norms. Addressing these societal attitudes is vital for achieving true gender equality. Campaigns that challenge stereotypes and promote positive role models can help shift perceptions and create a more inclusive environment.

In which paragraph does the writer mention an effort to eliminate gender inequality?

Read the following passage about gender equality and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22 

Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. It is estimated that ___(18)___. Unfortunately, at the current time, 1 in 5 women and girls between the ages of 15-49 have reported experiencing physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner within a 12-month period and 49 countries currently have no laws ___(19)___. This type of violence doesn’t just harm individual women and girls, it also undermines ___(20)___ and hinders their active involvement in society. Progress is occurring regarding harmful practices such as child marriage and FGM (Female Genital Mutilation), ___(21)___, but there is still much work to be done to complete eliminate such practices.

Providing women and girls with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and ___(22)___ will fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large. Implementing new legal frameworks regarding female equality in the workplace and the eradication of harmful practices targeted at women is crucial to ending the gender-based discrimination prevalent in many countries around the world.

Read the following passage about A Fundamental Right and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of human rights that emphasizes the equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, regardless of their gender. This principle is crucial for creating a just and equitable society where everyone can thrive. Despite significant progress in recent decades, gender inequality remains a pressing issue worldwide, affecting various aspects of life, including education, employment, and health.

One of the key areas where gender inequality is evident is in the workplace. Women often face barriers to career advancement, receiving lower salaries than their male counterparts for similar roles. This pay gap is not just a statistic; it impacts families and communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting economic growth. Initiatives aimed at closing the gender pay gap are essential, but they require collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

In education, disparities also exist. While more girls are attending school than ever before, they are often encouraged to pursue traditionally feminine fields, such as teaching or nursing, rather than STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. This limitation restricts their potential and undermines the diversity needed in these critical sectors. Encouraging girls to explore all fields of study is essential for fostering innovation and equality.

Moreover, societal norms and stereotypes play a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Many cultures still uphold the belief that certain roles are inherently suited for men or women, leading to discrimination and violence against those who defy these norms. Addressing these societal attitudes is vital for achieving true gender equality. Campaigns that challenge stereotypes and promote positive role models can help shift perceptions and create a more inclusive environment.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an aspect affected by gender inequality?

Read the following passage about A Fundamental Right and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of human rights that emphasizes the equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, regardless of their gender. This principle is crucial for creating a just and equitable society where everyone can thrive. Despite significant progress in recent decades, gender inequality remains a pressing issue worldwide, affecting various aspects of life, including education, employment, and health.

One of the key areas where gender inequality is evident is in the workplace. Women often face barriers to career advancement, receiving lower salaries than their male counterparts for similar roles. This pay gap is not just a statistic; it impacts families and communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting economic growth. Initiatives aimed at closing the gender pay gap are essential, but they require collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

In education, disparities also exist. While more girls are attending school than ever before, they are often encouraged to pursue traditionally feminine fields, such as teaching or nursing, rather than STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. This limitation restricts their potential and undermines the diversity needed in these critical sectors. Encouraging girls to explore all fields of study is essential for fostering innovation and equality.

Moreover, societal norms and stereotypes play a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Many cultures still uphold the belief that certain roles are inherently suited for men or women, leading to discrimination and violence against those who defy these norms. Addressing these societal attitudes is vital for achieving true gender equality. Campaigns that challenge stereotypes and promote positive role models can help shift perceptions and create a more inclusive environment.

In which paragraph does the writer mention a gender inequality in the workplace?

Read the following passage about A Fundamental Right and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of human rights that emphasizes the equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, regardless of their gender. This principle is crucial for creating a just and equitable society where everyone can thrive. Despite significant progress in recent decades, gender inequality remains a pressing issue worldwide, affecting various aspects of life, including education, employment, and health.

One of the key areas where gender inequality is evident is in the workplace. Women often face barriers to career advancement, receiving lower salaries than their male counterparts for similar roles. This pay gap is not just a statistic; it impacts families and communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting economic growth. Initiatives aimed at closing the gender pay gap are essential, but they require collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

In education, disparities also exist. While more girls are attending school than ever before, they are often encouraged to pursue traditionally feminine fields, such as teaching or nursing, rather than STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. This limitation restricts their potential and undermines the diversity needed in these critical sectors. Encouraging girls to explore all fields of study is essential for fostering innovation and equality.

Moreover, societal norms and stereotypes play a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Many cultures still uphold the belief that certain roles are inherently suited for men or women, leading to discrimination and violence against those who defy these norms. Addressing these societal attitudes is vital for achieving true gender equality. Campaigns that challenge stereotypes and promote positive role models can help shift perceptions and create a more inclusive environment.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined in paragraph 4?

Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences: Whatever you do, you ______ touch that switch. It's very dangerous.

Choose the answer that indicates the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

The development of social media has complete changed how we connect with friends and family.

Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others: observant, bulletin, legible, nutrient

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. In the workplace, women are progressively taking on leadership roles that were traditionally dominated by men, reflecting a shift in gender dynamics.

b. These gender inequalities are not confined to the workplace; they also extend to education, healthcare, and family structures, creating widespread challenges.

c. Despite the progress, challenges still exist, such as the gender pay gap and unequal access to career advancement opportunities, which continue to impede true equality.

d. Gender equality has been a long-standing issue, but significant progress has been made in recent decades, particularly in terms of legal and social reforms.

e. Moreover, traditional gender stereotypes still influence societal expectations, limiting both men and women in their roles and opportunities.

Read the following passage about A Fundamental Right and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Gender equality is a vital aspect of human rights that emphasizes the equal treatment and opportunities for individuals, regardless of their gender. This principle is crucial for creating a just and equitable society where everyone can thrive. Despite significant progress in recent decades, gender inequality remains a pressing issue worldwide, affecting various aspects of life, including education, employment, and health.

One of the key areas where gender inequality is evident is in the workplace. Women often face barriers to career advancement, receiving lower salaries than their male counterparts for similar roles. This pay gap is not just a statistic; it impacts families and communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting economic growth. Initiatives aimed at closing the gender pay gap are essential, but they require collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.

In education, disparities also exist. While more girls are attending school than ever before, they are often encouraged to pursue traditionally feminine fields, such as teaching or nursing, rather than STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. This limitation restricts their potential and undermines the diversity needed in these critical sectors. Encouraging girls to explore all fields of study is essential for fostering innovation and equality.

Moreover, societal norms and stereotypes play a significant role in perpetuating gender inequality. Many cultures still uphold the belief that certain roles are inherently suited for men or women, leading to discrimination and violence against those who defy these norms. Addressing these societal attitudes is vital for achieving true gender equality. Campaigns that challenge stereotypes and promote positive role models can help shift perceptions and create a more inclusive environment.

The word “disparities” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by_________.

Read the following passage about gender equality and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22

Without music and sport classes, a child's talent in these areas may never be discovered and developed. In fact, classrooms may provide an environment ___(18)___. Furthermore, even for the children with extraordinary talents, their capabilities may not fully grow unless ___(19)___. Children may also learn to be disciplined and ___(20)___, because success in these particular areas requires a significant amount of effort in training. In brief, school education may satisfy some of the most critical factors in the early progress of the future music and sport figures.

___(21)___, the provision of both academic, music and sports education is mandatory for an all-rounded growth of young students. If learning to sing or to play a sport, for example, is treated as an extracurricular activity only, children may consider the engagement in it to be entirely optional. Some children, particularly those without a determined mindset, may eventually choose not to play sports and music. Such a group may consequently go on to suffer from physical or mental illness in later life.

To conclude, to ensure the adequate physical and mental development of the next generation, and ___(22)___, these subjects must never be abandoned in any child educational institution.