Phân tử sinh học là

Trên trang web học liệu mở ta có thể làm gì?

Choose A, B, C or D to answer the question.

You’ve noticed that whenever you take a cold drink out of the refrigerator, water droplets form on the outside of the glass. What is the likely cause?

Trong ngôn ngữ lập trình Python, từ khoá và tên như thế nào?

Đặc điểm nào sau đây không phải là đặc điểm chung của cấp độ tổ chức sống?

Số nguyên tử oxi trong phân tử glucozơ là

Quốc hội thực hiện chức năng gì?

Khi bảng đã được hiển thị ở chế độ trang dữ liệu, với một trường đã chọn, muốn sắp xếp các bản ghi theo thứ tự tăng, thao tác thực hiện lệnh nào sau đây là đúng?

Protein ACE2 (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) là một enzyme xuyên màng, được cấu tạo bởi 805 amino acid gồm 3 tiểu phần: bên ngoài màng, xuyên màng và bên trong màng. Trong đó, tiểu phần bên ngoài màng có vai trò quan trọng để SARS-CoV-2 nhận diện và xâm nhiễm vào tế bào vật chủ. Bảng dưới đây thể hiện vị trí của 10 amino acid thuộc tiểu phần bên ngoài màng có thể bị đột biến ở một số loài động vật có vú. Cho biết: Các kí hiệu chữ in hoa là tên viết tắt của amino acid; Cầy vòi mốc (P. larvata) là vật chủ trung gian của SARS-CoV-2.

Phân tích các dữ liệu trên và cho biết những phát biểu nào sau đây đúng?

1. Trong phạm vi 10 amino acid trên, loài có trình tự amino acid giống nhất với trình tự của người là loài khỉ đuôi sóc.

2. Trong lịch sử tiến hoá các loài trên, vùng trình tự gene mã hoá cho các amino acid từ 354 đến 357 có tính bảo tồn cao hơn so với vùng trình tự gene mã hoá cho các amino acid từ 82 đến 84.

3. Trình tự amino acid của protein ACE2 ở loài chuột nhắt trắng có 50% tương đồng với trình tự amino acid của protein ACE2 ở người.

4. Loài mèo và người đều có thể có nguy cơ bị nhiễm SARS-CoV-2.

* Viết đáp án dưới dạng Số, Số (1, 2, 3).

Read the following passage about food addiction and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Few people would disagree that one of the world's most popular dishes is pizza. Twenty-two-year-old Zack certainly wouldn't. He would eat a variety of pizza-based items, including homemade pizza, precooked microwave pizza, and even pizza leftovers from the night before. He was consuming 800kg of pizza a year. As a child, Zack had eaten a wide variety of food. But he became addicted to pizza when he started secondary school. American school meals have often been criticised for the large amount of fast food present on the menu, and pizza is the star dish. Zack even spent all his pocket money on slices of pizza.

Naturally, Zack's family worried about his high-calorie, low-vitamin diet. So did Zack. In an attempt to break his addiction, Zack agreed to appear on a TV programme called Freaky Eaters. Its aim was to encourage food addicts to beat their addictions with the help of a psychologist and nutritionist. It wasn't easy. He had to eat a fish dish, while his brother sat in front of him enjoying... a pizza! However, Zack met the challenge and has never eaten pizza again.

Seventeen-year-old Stacy Irvine's friends visit her and discover that she has been rewarded thousands of free toys from fast food restaurants as a regular customer. Stacy's mother often gave her two-year-old girl a portion of fried chicken in a McDonald's restaurant. [I] Since then, Stacy has refused to eat anything else except for pieces of fried chicken, and as a result, her diet has created serious health. She has been warned that if she doesn't change her diet, she will die. [II] Stacy once collapsed due to lack of vitamins and nutrients and needed to be hospitalised. [III] She insisted that Stacy adopt a healthier lifestyle. However, worryingly, Stacy's mother said that while Stacy was beginning to understand the seriousness of her situation, she couldn't eat anything else but chicken nuggets. [IV]

Twenty-year-old Hanna Little was keen on chips. The only thing that Hanna consumed for fifteen years was one plate of chips after another. Not surprisingly, a diet that contained few nutrients and an excess of fat and carbohydrates could only have negative consequences. And it did because not only did Hanna develop health problems, but she also had to leave her job after collapsing at work. At five, Hanna became addicted to chips and refused to eat fruits and vegetables despite her mother's efforts. Hanna says that she was terrified of tasting the flavour of different types of food and she would feel anxious just at the idea of doing it. Parties, picnics and barbecues with friends and family used to be a nightmare. Furthermore, Hanna was soon seen as 'odd' by her friends' parents.

It wasn't until the age of sixteen that Hanna realised she had Selective Eating Disorder (SED). Despite this new knowledge, no solution was found. It wasn't until she lost her job before she started eating normally. Hanna sought therapy from psychologist Felix Economakis, who used hypnosis, a treatment that none of the doctors that she had seen before had mentioned, to get her to eat fruit after one one-hour session, and since then she has been willing to eat anything.... including chips!

(Adapted from Friends Global)

Where in paragraph 3 does the following sentence best fit?

The doctor who treated her said she had never seen such an extreme case of food addiction.

Trong các khẳng định sau, khẳng định nào đúng?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Many Vietnamese people _______ their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation.

a. Isabel: Yes, in many parts of the world, people don't have enough clean water.

b. Trang: We should be careful not to waste water when we brush our teeth or take a shower.

c. Trang: I learned that using too much water is a problem. It's called water scarcity.

Chọn đáp án sai: Yêu cầu của hệ thống lái là?

Dựa vào tỉ lệ có trong cơ thể, các nguyên tố hóa học được chia thành hai nhóm là

Trong trường hợp dưới đây, việc cơ quan thuế tỉnh K từ chối đề nghị của bà X thể hiện điều gì?

"Ông N, bà M và bà X đều có cửa hàng bán quần áo may sẵn trên cùng một tuyến phố. Đến kì thu thuế, ông N và bà M đều thực hiện nghĩa vụ nộp thuế đầy đủ và đúng hạn. Riêng bà X luôn đề nghị cơ quan thuế ưu tiên cho chậm nộp thuế hằng tháng, vì bà là phụ nữ và kinh tế gia đình khó khăn hơn ông N và bà M. Đề nghị của bà X không được cơ quan thuế tỉnh K chấp thuận".

Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

1. People learn new languages for many reasons - work, travel, or personal enjoyment. However, beyond practical uses, learning a language offers powerful cognitive, emotional, and social benefits. It strengthens brain function, improves memory, and enhances communication skills. Although learning a new language may seem difficult for adults, experts emphasize its long-term benefits for their brain health, adaptability, and mental agility.

2. One of the greatest advantages of language learning is its cognitive impact. Research shows that bilingual individuals have stronger memory, better concentration, and enhanced problem-solving abilities. Studies also indicate that speaking more than one language can delay the onset of dementia by strengthening executive functions such as multitasking and reasoning. Moreover, learning a new language physically changes the brain by increasing grey matter volume, which helps with memory, and protecting white matter, which helps the brain send information quickly. These changes help keep the brain sharp as people age.

3. Beyond mental benefits, language learning also boosts confidence and expands social opportunities. Speaking another language gives people a sense of pride and confidence. It also opens doors to cultural experiences and career growth by allowing learners to engage with diverse communities. Many language learners find that their skills help them start conversations and understand other people's traditions better. Moreover, the process of language learning fosters patience and a greater appreciation for cultural diversity.

4. To maximize learning, experts recommend consistent practice and immersion. Apps like Duolingo or Babbel, daily speaking practice, and watching movies in the target language can make learning fun and effective. Learning basic vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structures and finding a conversation partner are also important. By applying these strategies, learners can develop fluency and experience the lifelong rewards of bilingualism.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a benefit of language learning?