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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34. Foot-racing is a popular activity in the United States. It is seen not only as a competitive sport but also as a way to exercise, to enjoy the camaraderie of like-minded people, and to donate money to a good cause. Though serious runners may spend months training to compete, other runners and walkers might not train at all. Those not competing to win might run in an effort to beat their own time or simply to enjoy the fun and exercise. People of all ages, from those of less than one year (who may be pushed in strollers) to those in their eighties, enter into this sport. The races are held on city streets, on college campuses, through parks, and in suburban areas, and they are commonly 5 to 10 kilometers in length. The largest footrace in the world is the 12-kilometer Bay to Breakers race that is held in San Francisco every spring. This race begins on the east side of the city near San Francisco Bay and ends on the west side at the Pacific Ocean. There may be 80,000 or more people running in this race through the streets and hills of San Francisco. In the front are the serious runners who compete to win and who might finish in as little as 34 minutes. Behind them are the thousands who take several hours to finish. In the back of the race are those who dress in costumes and come just for fun. One year there was a group of men who dressed like Elvis Presley, and another group consisted of firefighters who were tied together in a long line and who were carrying a fire-hose. There was even a bridal party, in which the bride was dressed in a long white gown and the groom wore a tuxedo. The bride and groom threw flowers to bystanders, and they were actually married at some point along the route.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17 

a. Sally: Definitely! This score opens so many doors, and I’m aiming for a university in Australia.

b. Janna: That clearly paid off! You must feel so proud. Are you planning to study abroad now?

c. Sally: Hey Janna, guess what? I just got my IELTS results, and I scored an 8.0!

d. Janna: Wow, Sally! That’s amazing! Congratulations! How did you manage to achieve such a high score?

e. Sally: Thanks! I focused a lot on practicing my speaking and writing skills, and I took mock tests regularly.

Thời gian rụng trứng trung bình vào ngày thứ mấy trong chu kỳ kinh nguyệt ở người?

Nhận định nào sau đây là không phản ánh đúng vai trò của văn hóa tiêu dùng?

Choose the correct answer.

Women usually _____ household finances better than men do.

Read the following passage about urbanisation and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

URBANISATION: A GROWING PHENOMENON

     Urbanisation is the process through which cities grow, and higher populations begin to inhabit urban areas. This phenomenon has accelerated significantly over the past few decades due to various factors. One of the primary drivers is the search for better employment opportunities. In rural areas, job prospects are often limited to agriculture and small-scale industries, which might not provide sufficient income. Consequently, people migrate to cities seeking better livelihoods and living standards.

     Additionally, urban areas offer more advanced educational facilities and healthcare services compared to rural regions. Many families move to cities to provide their children with higher-quality education and greater future opportunities. Access to hospitals and specialized medical services also attracts people to urban centers, especially in countries where rural healthcare is underdeveloped.

     However, rapid urbanisation brings about several challenges. Overcrowding in cities can lead to inadequate housing, strained infrastructure, and increased pollution. The expansion of urban areas often results in the loss of green spaces and agricultural land, impacting food production and the environment. Governments and city planners must address these issues to ensure sustainable urban growth.

     Despite these challenges, urbanisation has several positive aspects. Cities are often cultural melting pots, where diverse groups of people interact, leading to vibrant communities and innovation. The concentration of resources and talents in urban areas can drive economic growth and technological advancements.

In which paragraph does the writer discuss the benefits of urbanisation?

Biết hiệu điện thế U_NM = 20 V. Hỏi đẳng thức nào dưới đây chắc chắn đúng?

Choose the best answer to fill in the blank (17)

Trong các hoạt động kinh tế, bản đồ không dùng để làm gì?

Read the following passage about Reducing Electronic Waste and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

In today's hyper-connected world, our constant need for the newest electronic devices has led to a growing environmental crisis. Electronic waste, or e-waste, is one of the fastest-growing waste streams globally, with millions of tons discarded annually. A digital detox, (18)_________, can be an effective environmental practice that helps address this issue.

(19)_________, the current e-waste crisis might have been avoided. The devices that we carelessly discard often contain valuable materials that could be recycled and harmful components that contaminate soil and water. Many consumers replace functioning smartphones and laptops simply because newer models are available, not realizing the environmental impact of their decisions. The manufacturing process of new electronics requires significant resources and energy; (20)_________.

Practicing digital detox not only improves mental health but also decreases the demand for new products. (21)_________; however, if consumer demand decreases, production might slow down as well. Individuals who commit to using their devices for longer periods contribute significantly to waste reduction, and they often discover that older models fulfill their needs perfectly well.

The electronic waste problem requires both individual action and systemic change. We can create a world embracing sustainable principles, (22)_________, through our participation in digital detox practices and mindful consumption.

Read the passage carefully.

1. It is estimated that about 40 per cent of the world's population use social media, and many of these billions of social media users look up to influencers to help them decide what to buy and what trends to follow. An influencer is a person who can influence the decisions of his or her followers because of his or her knowledge or special knowledge in a particular area, e.g. fashion, travel, or technology. Influencers are now seen by many companies as a direct way to customers' hearts. Brands are now asking powerful influencers to market their products. With some influencers charging up to $25,000 for one social media post, it is no surprise that more and more people are keen to become influencers, too. If you are one of them, then here are five tips on how to do it.

2. Choose your niche: What is the area that you know most about? What do you feel most excited talking about? Find the specific area that you are most interested in and develop it.

3. Choose your medium and write an interesting bio: Most influencers these days are bloggers and micro-bloggers. Decide which medium – such as your own online blog, Instagram or Snapchat – is the best way to connect with your followers and chat about your niche area. When you have done that, write an attention-grabbing bio that describes you and your speciality area in an interesting and unique way. Make sure that people who read your bio will want to follow you.

4. Post regularly and consistently: Many influencers post daily on their social media accounts. The more you post, the more likely people will follow you. Also, make sure that your posts are consistent and possibly follow a theme.

5. Tell an interesting story: Whether it is a photo or a comment that you are posting, use it to tell a story that will catch the attention of your followers and help them connectwith you.

6. Make sure people can easily find your content: Publicize your posts on a variety of social media by hashtags and catchy titles to make sure that they can be easily found. There is no point writing the most exciting blogposts or posting the most attractive photographs if no one is going to see them.

7. Most importantly, if you want to become a social media influencer, you need to have patience. Keep posting and your following will gradually increase. Good luck!

Choose an option (A, B, C, or D) that best answers each question.

In paragraph 1, what does the word them refer to?

Ở những đoạn đường vòng, mặt đường được nâng lên bên trong. Việc làm này nhằm mục đích nào sau đây?

Vào những ngày Tết, các gian hàng phục vụ mặt hàng Tết đa dạng, phong phú như: bánh kẹo, giò chả, bánh chưng, hoa quả, rau củ, hàng đông lạnh,...; có khu vực bày bán đủ các loại cây như: đào, mai, cúc, lan,... nhằm đáp ứng nhu cầu mua sắm và chưng Tết. Người dân đi chợ không chỉ để mua sắm mà còn để tận hưởng không khí háo hức khi Tết đến. Các yếu tố nào tham gia vào hoạt động kinh tế trên?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Who are you?

On 6 June 2011, the media reported the kidnapping of a female Syrian-American blogger called Amina Arraf. Regarded as a daring political rebel, the 35-year-old had gained popularity for her blogs protesting the lack of freedom in Syria. Yet, only two days later, it was discovered that Amina had never existed. She was a fictional character created by Tom MacMaster, a forty-year-old American PhD student at the University of Edinburgh.

MacMaster's invention is an example of sock puppetry: the use of false identities to deceive others. (I). The false identity is known as a sock puppet, and its creator, a puppet master. (II). MacMaster created Amina to express his views on Middle Eastern affairs without offending other Americans. (III). Writing as Amina gave him the authority to say what he wanted. (IV).  

At the turn of the millennium, Debbie Swenson created Kaycee Nicole, a fictional teenage girl suffering from terminal cancer. Her blog, Living Colours, described Kaycee’s struggle, attracting millions of readers. When Kaycee 'died' on 14 May 2001, her fans were devastated. Their distress turned to anger when they discovered that Kaycee was not real. Swenson had developed the character to gain attention and sympathy.

While Amina and Kaycee were used to meet their creators' needs, other identities have been invented for profit. American gun advocate John Lott made up a fake student, Mary Rosh, to defend his writing online and give him positive reviews. Mystery writer RJ Ellory fabricated a team of sock puppets to praise his own books and tear into those of his rivals. British historian Orlando Figes lost credibility when he had to publicly apologise for doing the same.

Yet none of these stories compare to large-scale sock puppetry today. The New York City Police Department has false identities on social media to catch criminals. The US military is believed to use sock puppets to track potential terrorists. It is clear that the internet is a minefield today and we all have to step very carefully in order not to get hurt.

Which of the following best summarizes the main point of the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Taking Home the World Cup

Standing just 36 centimeters tall, the FIFA World Cup Trophy symbolizes the pinnacle of football achievement.  Every four years, teams worldwide compete for it, but no one ever takes the trophy home. Made of 18-carat gold, the original trophy remains under FIFA's protection, with winners receiving only a replica. This measure safeguards it from theft, as the trophy has been stolen twice in its history.

The original trophy was made by a French sculptor, Abel LaFleur, and was called the “Jules Rimet Cup,” in honor of the founder of the World Cup tournament. Sometime during the first three World Cup events (1930, 1934, and 1938), the name changed to simply the “World Cup.” Then during World War II, not much was seen or heard of the trophy. It was being kept hidden in a shoe box under the bed of Dr. Ottorino Barassi, the Italian vice-president of FIFA, to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Nazi army. In 1966, the Cup was stolen during a public showing of the trophy prior to the World Cup tournament in England. Luckily, it was found a short time later, none the worse for wear, in a trash container by a little dog named Pickles. Four years later, Brazil earned permanent possession of the original trophy by winning its third World Cup title. Unfortunately, the trophy was stolen a second time in 1983 and was never recovered. The Brazilian Football Association had to have a duplicate trophy made.

(I) After the first trophy became the possession of Brazil’s football association, a new World Cup Trophy for FIFA was designed by an Italian artist, Silvio Gazzaniga, in 1974. (II) This trophy cannot be won outright, but remains in the possession of FIFA, and rest assured they are watching it very closely. Today, World Cup winners are awarded a replica of the trophy that is gold-plated, rather than solid gold like the real one. (III) Gazzaniga’s World Cup trophy weighs almost five kilograms. (IV) Its base contains two layers of a semi-precious stone called malachite, and has room for seventeen small plaques bearing the names of the winning teams---enough space to honor all the World Cup champions up to the year 2038. After that, a new trophy will have to be made.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

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