Nguyên tử phosphorus có 3 lớp electron. Ở lớp ngoài cùng của nguyên tử, phân lớp s chứa số electron tối đa, còn phân lớp p chỉ chứa một nửa số electron tối đa. Nguyên tử phosphorus có bao nhiêu electron?
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Lớp thứ nhất (n=1): $1s^2$ (2 electron)
Lớp thứ hai (n=2): $2s^2 2p^6$ (8 electron)
Lớp thứ ba (n=3): Theo đề bài, phân lớp s chứa số electron tối đa, tức là $3s^2$. Phân lớp p chứa một nửa số electron tối đa, tức là $3p^3$ (vì phân lớp p tối đa chứa 6 electron, một nửa là 3). Vậy lớp thứ ba có $3s^2 3p^3$ (5 electron).
Tổng số electron là: $2 + 8 + 5 = 15$
Vậy nguyên tử phosphorus có 15 electron.
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