Read the following passage about Our Festival Traditions and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

 

How Green Are Our Festival Traditions?

Festivals are a time of celebration, bringing happiness and joy through various traditions. However, many of these traditions are not environmentally friendly and could harm our planet. To ensure a sustainable future, it is important to reconsider some of these practices and explore more eco-friendly alternatives.

One common festival tradition is the release of balloons and sky lanterns, especially in countries like China, India, and Japan. These beautiful sights are believed to bring good luck and carry wishes to the sky. Unfortunately, the environmental impact is significant. Balloons and lanterns often end up as litter, which is difficult to decompose. The frames of sky lanterns can harm wildlife, and animals often mistake balloons for food, putting them at risk. Furthermore, lanterns have been known to cause wildfires, endangering both nature and human safety.

Another tradition that raises concerns is fireworks. In countries like Australia and the US, fireworks displays are a staple during festivals. While they are visually stunning, fireworks release harmful chemicals into the air, contributing to pollution and poor air quality. Similar to sky lanterns, fireworks can also cause fires, which can be devastating to both the environment and communities.

Lastly, Christmas trees, whether real or artificial, are a central part of holiday decorations in homes and businesses worldwide. Real trees, when discarded, release methane and carbon dioxide, two harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Although artificial trees can be reused for several years, their production involves harmful pollutants, and when they end up in landfills, they take centuries to decompose, further burdening the environment.

In conclusion, while festival traditions bring joy and excitement, many of them have negative environmental consequences. By choosing more sustainable practices, we can celebrate in ways that are both enjoyable and environmentally responsible, ensuring that future generations can also enjoy these traditions.

 

The word their in paragraph 3 refers to:

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that bestfits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

TO LIVE SUSTAINABLY, START AT HOME!

Let’s discover how we can contribute to a more sustainable lifestyle in our everyday activities.

Facts and figures: In the past decade, (7) _______ people have begun to recognize the importance of sustainability. Yet, we still (8) _______ millions of tons of food waste each year. This not only affects our environment but also contributes to food scarcity.

Positive action!

Use less plastic! Whenever possible, opt for (9) _______ alternatives to plastic products. This small change can make a big difference.

Shop smart! (10) _______ buying unnecessary items, focus on what you really need. This will help decrease waste and save money.

Make the most of resources! Learn to (11) _______ things you might usually throw away. For instance, vegetable scraps can be used for broth.

Involve your community! Encourage (12) _______ to participate in local clean-up events to foster a collective effort for a cleaner environment.

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Discover Our Luxurious Eco-Friendly Yoga Mats!

Are you looking for the (1)________yoga mat? 

 Our mats are made from natural materials that are not only sustainable but also incredibly durable.

Experience the comfort of our thick blue (2)_________. It provides the perfect surface for all your yoga needs, whether you’re a beginner or an expert.

Many customers have shared how our mats have transformed their practice, (3)__________ them to achieve greater balance and flexibility. Join our community and see the difference! You can show yoga (4)________your friends with our mats every day.

(5)_________advantage of this opportunity to enhance your yoga experience!

Loving (6)_________ yoga is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and using our mats will help you achieve that.

Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Join Our Eco-Friendly Community

If you want to make a difference, join (7)_______community members dedicated to sustainability. Together, we can (8)_______ positive change in our environment. Our community focuses on the importance of (9)_______to reduce waste. Join us in our fight against climate change (10)_______ contribute to a healthier planet.

Participate in our (11)__________that teach sustainable living practices. Our mission is to educate members about the (12)_________of green energy solutions.

Join us today and be part of a movement that matters!

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

            In an era marked by climate change and environmental degradation, adopting green living habits has become increasingly vital. Green living refers to a lifestyle that seeks to minimize one's ecological footprint through conscious choices in daily activities. This can include everything from reducing waste to conserving energy and using sustainable products. As more individuals recognize the importance of preserving our planet, the movement toward greener practices continues to gain momentum.

            One of the most significant aspects of green living is its focus on sustainability. By choosing products that are eco-friendly, consumers can support businesses that prioritize environmental responsibility. For instance, using reusable bags, bottles, and containers reduces plastic waste and promotes a circular economy. Furthermore, opting for locally sourced foods not only supports local farmers but also decreases the carbon emissions associated with transportation.

            When green living habits are adopted, they can lead to profound changes in our environment. By reducing their energy consumption through the use of energy-efficient appliances, individuals help lower greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, this contributes to cleaner air and mitigates the effects of climate change. Moreover, by practicing water conservation methods, such as fixing leaks and using low-flow fixtures, households can significantly decrease water waste, promoting the sustainable use of this precious resource.

            In conclusion, educating individuals about green living habits is crucial for promoting a more sustainable future. Schools and community organizations can offer workshops and resources that highlight the benefits of eco-friendly practices. Additionally, social media campaigns can raise awareness and encourage people to share their experiences with sustainable living. By empowering individuals to make informed choices, we can collectively work toward a healthier planet for generations to come.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

Read the following passage about environmental pollution and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Since the early 1980s, people have become more aware of the serious effects of large-scale pollution on the environment. This kind of pollution often happens because of poor planning in developing countries or the short-sighted policies of some industrialized nations. These countries use up a large portion of the world’s natural resources, even though only a small part of the world’s population lives there.

Events like the Great Smog of London, the destruction of the Amazon rainforest and the nuclear accident at Chernobyl have received a lot of media attention, as have other acts that harm the environment. However, it’s important to remember that not all pollution is on such a large scale. In fact, a lot of pollution comes from sources closer to home. For instance, a recent oil spill from a tanker in Sydney accidentally released oil into the harbor. This not only damaged the surrounding area but also created toxic fumes that hung over the nearby suburbs for days, leaving residents frustrated and questioning how such a disaster could happen.

Protecting ourselves from pollution can feel like a never-ending task. We try to avoid breathing in traffic fumes, stay away from industrial areas, and wear masks when cycling. All of this might make some people feel safest at home. However, new research shows that staying indoors is not always better. Studies indicate that levels of harmful gases, dust, and other chemicals are often higher indoors than outdoors, even in polluted cities. Since most people spend more time inside than outside, some experts think we may need to pay more attention to indoor pollution to improve public health.

In conclusion, awareness of environmental pollution has grown since the 1980s due to major incidents and local sources of harm. While large-scale events like Chernobyl capture attention, everyday issues, including indoor pollution, also pose serious health risks. Addressing both is vital for public health and environmental protection.

Which of the following sentences best paraphrases the sentence: "Protecting ourselves from pollution can feel like a never-ending task"?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

[I] Green living, often referred to as sustainable living, encourages individuals to adopt environmentally friendly practices in their daily lives. [II] This lifestyle includes reducing waste, conserving natural resources, and promoting eco-friendly habits, which collectively help to minimize the negative impact on the environment (Davies & Mulligan, 2017). [III] Although green living requires effort and adjustment, its benefits for the planet and future generations are substantial. [IV]

One of the fundamental aspects of green living is waste reduction. This can be achieved through practices like recycling, composting, and reducing single-use plastics. According to a report by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), recycling and composting can significantly decrease the amount of waste sent to landfills, which helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and pollution (EPA, 2021). Additionally, adopting reusable items such as water bottles and shopping bags minimizes reliance on plastic, which is crucial for protecting ecosystems and wildlife.

Another key component of green living is energy conservation. Simple changes, like switching to LED light bulbs and using public transportation, can reduce an individual's carbon footprint. A study by the International Energy Agency (IEA) shows that energy efficiency improvements, if widely implemented, could decrease global energy demand by up to 40% by 2050 (IEA, 2019). By conserving energy, individuals not only lower their utility bills but also contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions, which is essential for mitigating climate change.

Green living also involves making conscious choices about the products we consume. This includes opting for sustainably sourced goods, supporting local businesses, and choosing organic produce. Sustainable agriculture practices reduce the need for chemical pesticides and fertilizers, which can harm both the soil and water sources (Smith & Taylor, 2020). By making informed purchases, consumers can support eco-friendly industries and help create a demand for greener alternatives.

Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

[I] Green living, often referred to as sustainable living, encourages individuals to adopt environmentally friendly practices in their daily lives. [II] This lifestyle includes reducing waste, conserving natural resources, and promoting eco-friendly habits, which collectively help to minimize the negative impact on the environment (Davies & Mulligan, 2017). [III] Although green living requires effort and adjustment, its benefits for the planet and future generations are substantial. [IV]

One of the fundamental aspects of green living is waste reduction. This can be achieved through practices like recycling, composting, and reducing single-use plastics. According to a report by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), recycling and composting can significantly decrease the amount of waste sent to landfills, which helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and pollution (EPA, 2021). Additionally, adopting reusable items such as water bottles and shopping bags minimizes reliance on plastic, which is crucial for protecting ecosystems and wildlife.

Another key component of green living is energy conservation. Simple changes, like switching to LED light bulbs and using public transportation, can reduce an individual's carbon footprint. A study by the International Energy Agency (IEA) shows that energy efficiency improvements, if widely implemented, could decrease global energy demand by up to 40% by 2050 (IEA, 2019). By conserving energy, individuals not only lower their utility bills but also contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions, which is essential for mitigating climate change.

Green living also involves making conscious choices about the products we consume. This includes opting for sustainably sourced goods, supporting local businesses, and choosing organic produce. Sustainable agriculture practices reduce the need for chemical pesticides and fertilizers, which can harm both the soil and water sources (Smith & Taylor, 2020). By making informed purchases, consumers can support eco-friendly industries and help create a demand for greener alternatives.

The word "their" in paragraph 3 refers to _______.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that bestfits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

TO LIVE SUSTAINABLY, START AT HOME!

Let’s discover how we can contribute to a more sustainable lifestyle in our everyday activities.

Facts and figures: In the past decade, (7) _______ people have begun to recognize the importance of sustainability. Yet, we still (8) _______ millions of tons of food waste each year. This not only affects our environment but also contributes to food scarcity.

Positive action!

Use less plastic! Whenever possible, opt for (9) _______ alternatives to plastic products. This small change can make a big difference.

Shop smart! (10) _______ buying unnecessary items, focus on what you really need. This will help decrease waste and save money.

Make the most of resources! Learn to (11) _______ things you might usually throw away. For instance, vegetable scraps can be used for broth.

Involve your community! Encourage (12) _______ to participate in local clean-up events to foster a collective effort for a cleaner environment.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Are you passionate about the environment? Do you want to inspire (7)______to take action? Join our English Speaking Contest on the theme "Saving the Earth"!

Eligibility:

Open to all high school and university students.

Contest Details:

Participants will deliver a 5-minute speech focusing on how individuals and communities can (8)          harmful activities. The contest encourages creative and impactful ideas to tackle the growing (9)______of pollution and waste harming our planet.

Prizes:

•    First Prize: A trip to an eco-friendly resort, free(10)______, and a trophy.

•    Other winners will receive prizes such as cash awards and gift hampers.

Additional Benefits:

All participants will receive a (11)______of recognition for their efforts in raising awareness about environmental protection.

Key Dates:

•   Registration Deadline: March 1, 2024

•   Contest Date: March 20, 2024

Venue:

Green Future Hall, City Center.

How to Apply:

Register on our website or at the school office.(12)______ you meet the criteria, a confirmation email will be sent with further details.

Let’s speak up and make a difference! Together, we can save the Earth! 

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

To Save the Planet, Begin at Home!

Let's look at what we can do at home each day to save the planet.

Facts and figures:

-  Farming with synthetic chemicals has killed insects and (7) __________ animals. Meanwhile, we (8) __________ 80 million cans each day and 45,000 tonnes of plastic packaging each year. These kill up to one million seabirds a year.

Positive action!

-  Buy and consume fresh, organic food and drinks, especially things produced locally. This reduces the need for long-distance food (9) __________.

-  Don't always buy food that comes in cans or plastic packaging. (10) __________ buying a pre-packaged sandwich, make your own! That helps reduce the (11) __________ of rubbish you produce.

-  Reuse packaging where possible. Separate paper, plastic, and metal (12) __________ and recycle them.

(Adapted from Move on)

Question 12: Separate paper, plastic, and metal (12) __________ and recycle them.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

a. First, we suggest that the school should provide more recycling bins.

b. Third, we recommend that we make use of plastic waste in arts and crafts projects, for example, for making plant pots or bird feeders.

c. Reusing and recycling single-use plastics will lead to a greener school environment and help promote a green lifestyle among young people. Therefore, we recommend you put the suggested solutions into practice as soon as possible.

d. To solve the problem of single-use plastics in our school, we propose the following solutions.

e. Second, the Youth Union should hold regular sessions to teach students how to recycle properly.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that bestfits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

TO LIVE SUSTAINABLY, START AT HOME!

Let’s discover how we can contribute to a more sustainable lifestyle in our everyday activities.

Facts and figures: In the past decade, (7) _______ people have begun to recognize the importance of sustainability. Yet, we still (8) _______ millions of tons of food waste each year. This not only affects our environment but also contributes to food scarcity.

Positive action!

Use less plastic! Whenever possible, opt for (9) _______ alternatives to plastic products. This small change can make a big difference.

Shop smart! (10) _______ buying unnecessary items, focus on what you really need. This will help decrease waste and save money.

Make the most of resources! Learn to (11) _______ things you might usually throw away. For instance, vegetable scraps can be used for broth.

Involve your community! Encourage (12) _______ to participate in local clean-up events to foster a collective effort for a cleaner environment.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

In an era of increasing global awareness, debates around sustainable practices such as fair trade, organic farming, and recycling are gaining prominence. Farmers in developing countries are among the most vulnerable people, dependent on world commodity markets, middlemen, and unpredictable weather. 

(I)Fair trade arrangements aim to support cooperative groups by guaranteeing prices above the world market rate and additional bonuses. (II) However, critics argue that fair trade may not lift a country out of poverty. (III)They claim that most of the money generated from sales goes to wealthy countries that promote these products. (IV)In fact, only about 5% of the sale price of a fair-trade chocolate bar (retailing for £1.73 in the UK) reaches the poor country.

Another significant trend is the rise of organic food, marketed as being free of chemicals, which appeals to consumers concerned about the dangers of chemicals in food. These chemicals are suspected of causing various health problems, including cancer and developmental issues in children. Despite these concerns, British farmers have not converted to organic farming in large enough numbers to meet the demand. As a result, supermarkets often import organic vegetables from distant countries, contributing to higher greenhouse gas emissions due to transportation. Environmentalists are now urging consumers to buy locally grown vegetables, even if they are pesticide-treated, suggesting a good wash can minimize the risk.

In recent years, a shift has occurred in how we handle waste. Once content to bury it in landfills or dump it at sea, we are now encouraged to recycle and treat waste as a resource. This shift has led to more widespread kerbside collections for various materials like paper, plastic, and metal. However, recycling has unintended consequences. Most of the UK's recyclables are sent to China or India, which incurs additional environmental costs from transportation. In these countries, workers often sort waste under dangerous conditions. Sometimes, materials that are sorted at home still end up in landfills because the market for them fluctuates.

While efforts to promote sustainability are commendable, they require constant evaluation to ensure they truly benefit people and the environment, rather than creating new inequalities or environmental harm.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge faced by farmers in developing countries?

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

The future of electric vehicles (EVs) is promising, as technological advancements and environmental concerns ___(18)___. As governments worldwide implement stricter emissions regulations and offer incentives for EV adoption, manufacturers are investing heavily in research and development. ___(19)___, resulting in longer ranges and faster charging times. For instance, new solid-state batteries have the potential to enhance energy density and safety, making EVs more practical for everyday use.

Additionally, the rise of autonomous driving technology is set to revolutionize the way we interact with vehicles. Many electric models are now equipped with advanced driver-assistance systems ___(20)___. Furthermore, the Integration of smart technology allows for seamless connectivity, enabling drivers to monitor their vehicle's performance and locate charging Stations through mobile apps.

As charging infrastructure continues to expand, ___(21)___, the convenience of owning an EV is increasing. This transition to electric vehicles not only promises a reduction in carbon emissions but also fosters a cleaner, healthier environment. Overall, ___(22)___ and sustainable transportation.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Are you passionate about the environment? Do you want to inspire (7)______to take action? Join our English Speaking Contest on the theme "Saving the Earth"!

Eligibility:

Open to all high school and university students.

Contest Details:

Participants will deliver a 5-minute speech focusing on how individuals and communities can (8)          harmful activities. The contest encourages creative and impactful ideas to tackle the growing (9)______of pollution and waste harming our planet.

Prizes:

•    First Prize: A trip to an eco-friendly resort, free(10)______, and a trophy.

•    Other winners will receive prizes such as cash awards and gift hampers.

Additional Benefits:

All participants will receive a (11)______of recognition for their efforts in raising awareness about environmental protection.

Key Dates:

•   Registration Deadline: March 1, 2024

•   Contest Date: March 20, 2024

Venue:

Green Future Hall, City Center.

How to Apply:

Register on our website or at the school office.(12)______ you meet the criteria, a confirmation email will be sent with further details.

Let’s speak up and make a difference! Together, we can save the Earth! 

Read the following passage about The Benefits of Outdoor Activities and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Engaging in outdoor activities has become increasingly popular in recent years. Not only do these activities provide an escape from the daily grind of life, but they also offer numerous physical and mental health benefits. Hiking, cycling, and team sports are just a few examples of outdoor activities that can enhance well-being.

First and foremost, outdoor activities encourage physical fitness. Regular participation in activities like hiking or cycling helps individuals maintain a healthy weight and improve cardiovascular health. The fresh air and natural surroundings can make exercising feel less like a chore and more like an enjoyable experience. Furthermore, studies have shown that spending time in nature can reduce stress levels and promote a sense of tranquility.

In addition to physical benefits, outdoor activities foster social connections. Participating in team sports or group hikes allows individuals to meet new people and strengthen existing relationships. The shared experience of overcoming challenges together can build camaraderie and enhance teamwork skills.

However, some people might argue that outdoor activities are not accessible to everyone. For instance, individuals living in urban areas may find it difficult to access green spaces or safe paths for cycling. This raises the question of equity in accessing outdoor resources.

Despite these challenges, the advantages of engaging in outdoor activities far outweigh the drawbacks. Those who participate regularly often report feeling happier and more fulfilled. The sense of achievement that comes from completing a challenging hike or mastering a new cycling route can significantly boost self-esteem.

In conclusion, outdoor activities play a crucial role in promoting both physical health and social well-being. By stepping outside and embracing nature, individuals can improve their quality of life. As we continue to navigate the complexities of modern living, it is vital to prioritize these enriching experiences.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit outdoor activity?

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

VOLUNTEERS FOR GREEN CAMPAIGN

Our club would like to recruit ___(7)___ for our Green Campaign.

Are you ___(8)___ 15 years old? And do you really wish ___(9)___ a difference?

Please volunteer for our Green Lifestyle initiative, ___(10)___ clean up our communities and nurture disadvantaged children.

Make an impact, one action at a time!

Embrace a fulfilling experience that not only cares for the environment but also ___(11)___ the lives of those in need.

Together, let's create a sustainable future and spread kindness.

___(12)___ interested in our campaign, please sign up!