Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Announcement: Grand Opening of Our High-Tech Center

We are thrilled to announce the grand opening of our brand-new High-Tech Center, a state-of-the-art facility (1) ______ to revolutionize the way we integrate technology into daily life.

The center features cutting-edge advancements, including a (2) ______that ensures security and enhances user convenience. Visitors who would like to see our (3) ______ technology in action are warmly invited to join us for this special event.

The highlight of the center is its ability to (4) ______our demand for efficiency and innovation in various fields. Amazingly, the center intends to replace most of its workers (5) ______ robots, which makes operations faster, smarter, and more cost-effective.

We encourage you to capture this memorable occasion. Don’t forget to get someone (6)_______a picture of us during the ribbon-cutting ceremony!

 

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Balancing Work and Study: A Path to Success

Are you thinking about continuing your studies while working? It's not easy, but it's worth it!

Why Study While Working?

- (7) __________ Your Career: By applying what you learn to your job, you can improve your skills and advance professionally.

- Earn While You Learn: Continuing your education while working allows you (8) __________ your job and income while (9) __________ valuable qualifications.

Tips for Success:

- Stay Organized: Create a study (10) __________ that fits around your work.

- Set Small Goals: Break your tasks into (11) __________ manageable parts to avoid feeling overwhelmed.

- Take Breaks: Give yourself time to relax and recharge to stay motivated.

Remember: Balancing work and study can be challenging, but with good time management and determination, you can (12) __________ the demands of both. It's a great way to invest in your future while continuing to meet your current responsibilities!

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that bestfits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22. 

The development of humanoid robots has captured the imagination of many. Apollo, a highly advanced robot designed for social interaction, (18)____________. Apollo made her first public appearance in 2020, showcasing her ability to converse and express emotions. Since then, (19)____________.

Apollo was developed by a team of engineers and psychologists (20)____________. This collaboration aimed to create a robot that could effectively understand and respond to human emotions, making her a unique presence in the field of artificial intelligence. Apollo's design is sleek and modern, designed to be visually appealing while functional. His facial expressions and gestures are crafted to resemble those of a human, enhancing her ability to connect with people on a deeper level.

Equipped with advanced speech recognition technology, (21)____________. This allows him to engage in meaningful conversations and adapt her responses based on the emotional tone of the discussion.

As humanoid robots like Apollo become more integrated into society, (22) ____________. They hold the potential to transform the way we interact with technology and each other.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

DEPENDENCE ON TECHNOLOGY: TIME FOR CHANGE!

[I] Los Angeles dancer, Brian Perez, was eating out with his friends one evening when suddenly everyone went quiet. [II] To his horror, he saw that the reason for this was that people were checking their phones. [III] What if they all put their gadgets in a pile in the middle of the table until they had finished the meal? [IV] If anyone picked up their phone, that person would have to pay the whole bill. And so, it is said, the game of 'phone stacking' was born.

The necessity for action like this highlights a major problem in today's society: our inability to disconnect from technology.

But while Brian's idea deals with the obsession in a social context, measures also need to be taken at home. Some people drop their smartphones into a box the moment they arrive home, which gives them the chance to interact with the people they live with. The fact that the phone cannot be heard - it is on silent - nor seen - the flashing lights are hidden by the box - means that they are no longer tempted to use it.

A less drastic solution is to ban electronic devices at certain times of day when the whole family is likely to be together, for example at meal times. This can be hard for everyone, from teenagers desperate to text friends to parents unable to switch off from work. On a normal day, however, dinner takes less than an hour, and the benefits of exchanging opinions and anecdotes with the rest of the family certainly makes up for the time spent offline.

Taking a break from technology is one thing, but knowing when to turn off a device is another. Time seems to stand still in the virtual world, and before you know it, you find that it is three o'clock in the morning. This is where a digital curfew comes in handy, a set time when all devices must be put away. Evenings without technology are usually nice and peaceful and make a more agreeable end to the day. And then it's time for bed. One of the best ways of ensuring you can sleep at night is to ban electronic devices altogether from the bedroom. Lying next to a machine bursting with information is far from relaxing, and the sounds it emits during the night can easily wake you up. With technology out of the room, a line has been drawn between daytime and sleep time, which enables us to switch off ourselves and drift off to sleep.

The phrase "the necessity for action" in paragraph II could be best replaced by______.

Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. 

Nomophobia, short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today's digital age.

What is nomophobia? It is the irrational fear of being without one's mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one's phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one's phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

Who easily suffers from nomophobia? Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity.

The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

In which paragraph does the writer mention the cause of nomophobia?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

DEPENDENCE ON TECHNOLOGY: TIME FOR CHANGE!

[I] Los Angeles dancer, Brian Perez, was eating out with his friends one evening when suddenly everyone went quiet. [II] To his horror, he saw that the reason for this was that people were checking their phones. [III] What if they all put their gadgets in a pile in the middle of the table until they had finished the meal? [IV] If anyone picked up their phone, that person would have to pay the whole bill. And so, it is said, the game of 'phone stacking' was born.

The necessity for action like this highlights a major problem in today's society: our inability to disconnect from technology.

But while Brian's idea deals with the obsession in a social context, measures also need to be taken at home. Some people drop their smartphones into a box the moment they arrive home, which gives them the chance to interact with the people they live with. The fact that the phone cannot be heard - it is on silent - nor seen - the flashing lights are hidden by the box - means that they are no longer tempted to use it.

A less drastic solution is to ban electronic devices at certain times of day when the whole family is likely to be together, for example at meal times. This can be hard for everyone, from teenagers desperate to text friends to parents unable to switch off from work. On a normal day, however, dinner takes less than an hour, and the benefits of exchanging opinions and anecdotes with the rest of the family certainly makes up for the time spent offline.

Taking a break from technology is one thing, but knowing when to turn off a device is another. Time seems to stand still in the virtual world, and before you know it, you find that it is three o'clock in the morning. This is where a digital curfew comes in handy, a set time when all devices must be put away. Evenings without technology are usually nice and peaceful and make a more agreeable end to the day. And then it's time for bed. One of the best ways of ensuring you can sleep at night is to ban electronic devices altogether from the bedroom. Lying next to a machine bursting with information is far from relaxing, and the sounds it emits during the night can easily wake you up. With technology out of the room, a line has been drawn between daytime and sleep time, which enables us to switch off ourselves and drift off to sleep.

The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to_____.

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Announcement: Grand Opening of Our High-Tech Center

We are thrilled to announce the grand opening of our brand-new High-Tech Center, a state-of-the-art facility (1) ______ to revolutionize the way we integrate technology into daily life.

The center features cutting-edge advancements, including a (2) ______that ensures security and enhances user convenience. Visitors who would like to see our (3) ______ technology in action are warmly invited to join us for this special event.

The highlight of the center is its ability to (4) ______our demand for efficiency and innovation in various fields. Amazingly, the center intends to replace most of its workers (5) ______ robots, which makes operations faster, smarter, and more cost-effective.

We encourage you to capture this memorable occasion. Don’t forget to get someone (6)_______a picture of us during the ribbon-cutting ceremony!

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

DEPENDENCE ON TECHNOLOGY: TIME FOR CHANGE!

[I] Los Angeles dancer, Brian Perez, was eating out with his friends one evening when suddenly everyone went quiet. [II] To his horror, he saw that the reason for this was that people were checking their phones. [III] What if they all put their gadgets in a pile in the middle of the table until they had finished the meal? [IV] If anyone picked up their phone, that person would have to pay the whole bill. And so, it is said, the game of 'phone stacking' was born.

The necessity for action like this highlights a major problem in today's society: our inability to disconnect from technology.

But while Brian's idea deals with the obsession in a social context, measures also need to be taken at home. Some people drop their smartphones into a box the moment they arrive home, which gives them the chance to interact with the people they live with. The fact that the phone cannot be heard - it is on silent - nor seen - the flashing lights are hidden by the box - means that they are no longer tempted to use it.

A less drastic solution is to ban electronic devices at certain times of day when the whole family is likely to be together, for example at meal times. This can be hard for everyone, from teenagers desperate to text friends to parents unable to switch off from work. On a normal day, however, dinner takes less than an hour, and the benefits of exchanging opinions and anecdotes with the rest of the family certainly makes up for the time spent offline.

Taking a break from technology is one thing, but knowing when to turn off a device is another. Time seems to stand still in the virtual world, and before you know it, you find that it is three o'clock in the morning. This is where a digital curfew comes in handy, a set time when all devices must be put away. Evenings without technology are usually nice and peaceful and make a more agreeable end to the day. And then it's time for bed. One of the best ways of ensuring you can sleep at night is to ban electronic devices altogether from the bedroom. Lying next to a machine bursting with information is far from relaxing, and the sounds it emits during the night can easily wake you up. With technology out of the room, a line has been drawn between daytime and sleep time, which enables us to switch off ourselves and drift off to sleep.

According to paragraph 1, Brian Perez was shocked to find that_______.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17

a. Consequently, the use of AI in education not only enhances efficiency but also empowers both teachers and students, equipping them with the tools needed to succeed in a dynamic and technology-driven world.

b. By leveraging AI, educators can analyze large volumes of data to identify individual student needs and develop personalized teaching strategies that cater to diverse learning styles. 

c. For instance, intelligent tutoring systems can adapt to each student's progress, providing customized exercises and instant feedback to support effective learning. 

d. In today's rapidly evolving educational landscape, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a necessity to enhance both teaching and learning.

e. Moreover, AI-powered tools can streamline administrative tasks such as grading, scheduling, and lesson planning, enabling teachers to dedicate more time to fostering creativity and engagement in the classroom. 

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

The future of electric vehicles (EVs) is promising, as technological advancements and environmental concerns ___(18)___. As governments worldwide implement stricter emissions regulations and offer incentives for EV adoption, manufacturers are investing heavily in research and development. ___(19)___, resulting in longer ranges and faster charging times. For instance, new solid-state batteries have the potential to enhance energy density and safety, making EVs more practical for everyday use.

Additionally, the rise of autonomous driving technology is set to revolutionize the way we interact with vehicles. Many electric models are now equipped with advanced driver-assistance systems ___(20)___. Furthermore, the Integration of smart technology allows for seamless connectivity, enabling drivers to monitor their vehicle's performance and locate charging Stations through mobile apps.

As charging infrastructure continues to expand, ___(21)___, the convenience of owning an EV is increasing. This transition to electric vehicles not only promises a reduction in carbon emissions but also fosters a cleaner, healthier environment. Overall, ___(22)___ and sustainable transportation.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that bestfits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22. 

The development of humanoid robots has captured the imagination of many. Apollo, a highly advanced robot designed for social interaction, (18)____________. Apollo made her first public appearance in 2020, showcasing her ability to converse and express emotions. Since then, (19)____________.

Apollo was developed by a team of engineers and psychologists (20)____________. This collaboration aimed to create a robot that could effectively understand and respond to human emotions, making her a unique presence in the field of artificial intelligence. Apollo's design is sleek and modern, designed to be visually appealing while functional. His facial expressions and gestures are crafted to resemble those of a human, enhancing her ability to connect with people on a deeper level.

Equipped with advanced speech recognition technology, (21)____________. This allows him to engage in meaningful conversations and adapt her responses based on the emotional tone of the discussion.

As humanoid robots like Apollo become more integrated into society, (22) ____________. They hold the potential to transform the way we interact with technology and each other.

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Humanoid robots, eminent characters in science fiction novels and sci-fi films, are becoming a reality. Sophia, as an example, (18) ______________. One month later, she had her premiere in Texas, USA, and has made multiple public appearances around the world since then. At one such event, Sophia was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship in October 2017 and even became the first Innovation Champion of the United Nations Development Programme later that year. During Sophia's trip to Vietnam in 2018, she addressed the Industry 4.0 Summit and Expo.

Sophia the Robot is the latest humanlike robot created by a Hong Kong-based company (19) ______________. Undoubtedly, Sophia together with other humanlike robots represents the rapid advancement in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence. (20) ______________.

Sophia's physical appearance is inspired by both the famous actress Audrey Hepburn and the creator's wife. (21) ______________. But what makes her more lifelike than other robots is the patented artificial skin called Frubber®, which has the feel and flexibility of human skin.

Sophia amazes the world with her ability to communicate naturally. The Sophia Intelligence Collective, which is a combination of Al and human input, and other sophisticated perception techniques enable Sophia to recognise human faces and identify human emotions and gestures. Equipped with machine learning algorithms, (22) ______________.

(Adapted from Friends Global)

Question 20: (20) ______________.

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

The future of electric vehicles (EVs) is promising, as technological advancements and environmental concerns ___(18)___. As governments worldwide implement stricter emissions regulations and offer incentives for EV adoption, manufacturers are investing heavily in research and development. ___(19)___, resulting in longer ranges and faster charging times. For instance, new solid-state batteries have the potential to enhance energy density and safety, making EVs more practical for everyday use.

Additionally, the rise of autonomous driving technology is set to revolutionize the way we interact with vehicles. Many electric models are now equipped with advanced driver-assistance systems ___(20)___. Furthermore, the Integration of smart technology allows for seamless connectivity, enabling drivers to monitor their vehicle's performance and locate charging Stations through mobile apps.

As charging infrastructure continues to expand, ___(21)___, the convenience of owning an EV is increasing. This transition to electric vehicles not only promises a reduction in carbon emissions but also fosters a cleaner, healthier environment. Overall, ___(22)___ and sustainable transportation.

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questionsfrom 23 to 30. 

Technology in Education

[I] Education, as a cornerstone of societal progress, has undergone significant transformations with the advent of technology. While traditional teaching methods relied heavily on direct teacher-student interactions, modern classrooms are now enriched with digital tools and platforms that facilitate an immersive learning experience. [II] However, the integration of technology into education brings both challenges and opportunities, necessitating a balanced approach to ensure equitable and effective learning outcomes for all students. [III]

[IV] One of the most notable benefits of technology in education is the accessibility it offers. Online learning platforms, such as Khan Academy and Coursera, enable learners to access quality education regardless of their geographical location. Additionally, adaptive learning technologies tailor educational content to suit individual students' needs, fostering a more personalized learning experience. Despite these advantages, over-reliance on technology can exacerbate inequalities, as not all students have equal access to devices and high-speed internet. This digital divide remains a pressing issue, particularly in underprivileged communities.

Furthermore, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has gained significant attention. AI-powered tools, such as virtual tutors and automated grading systems, have revolutionized the way students learn and teachers manage classrooms. For instance, chatbots can provide instant feedback to students, while data analytics help educators identify struggling learners and address their needs proactively. Nevertheless, critics argue that such innovations might reduce the importance of human interaction, which is crucial for developing critical thinking and emotional intelligence.

Finally, the effectiveness of technology in education hinges on proper implementation and training. Teachers must be adequately equipped to navigate digital tools and integrate them into their teaching practices. Moreover, fostering digital literacy among students is vital to ensure they can use these resources effectively and responsibly. As education systems worldwide embrace digital transformation, policymakers must prioritize inclusivity, ensuring that technological advancements benefit everyone.

In which paragraph does the writer discuss the potential of artificial intelligence in education?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Autonomous vehicles, which were once the stuff of science fiction, are now becoming a reality. Tesla, for instance, (18) ______. A month later, the company showcased   its fully self-driving car in California and has continued to expand its fleet ever since. At one of these events, Tesla's vehicle received a safety award from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in 2020, further validating   its technology. During a presentation at the Consumer Electronics Show in 2021, Tesla highlighted its commitment to safety and innovation.

The Tesla Model S is one of the most advanced electric vehicles (19) ______. Clearly, Tesla and other manufacturers are at the forefront   of transforming the automotive   industry. (20) ______. The vehicles are equipped with various sensors, cameras, and AI algorithms.

(21) ______. These technologies enable the cars to navigate complex environments, such as city streets and highways, with minimal human intervention. This is a significant leap toward a future where autonomous driving becomes the norm.

Thanks to continuous advancements in technology, (22) ______. Consumers can look forward to safer and more efficient transportation solutions.

Read the following passage about smart energy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

SMART ENERGY

The upcoming decades will bring significant changes in energy supply and consumption. As some major oil-producing countries have already reached 'peak oil' and concerns about global warming rise, many nations are prioritizing the transition to a low-carbon economy, which will transform electricity supply and usage. [I] Firstly, there will be an increase in overall demand, as consumers switch from oil and gas to electricity to power their homes and vehicles. [II] Secondly, there will be an increase in power generation, not only in terms of how much is generated, but also how it is generated, as there is growing electricity generation from renewable sources. [III] To meet these challenges, countries are investing in Smart Grid technology. [IV] This system aims to provide the electricity industry with a better understanding of power generation and demand, and to use this information to create a more efficient power network.

Smart meters can be integrated with the internet or telephone networks. This connectivity enables customers to control their appliances from a distance. For instance, individuals can turn devices on or off remotely, providing added convenience. Overall, the system offers significant benefits in managing energy usage. By analyzing real-time data, it allows for better decision-making. This technology not only improves efficiency but also supports cost savings. Ultimately, the integration of smart technology will enhance user experience and system management.

The coming decades will bring significant shifts in energy supply and usage. A problem is the fact that many renewable power generation sources are located in remote areas, such as windy uplands and coastal regions, where there is currently a lack of electrical infrastructure. New infrastructures therefore must be built. Thankfully, with improved smart technology, this can be done more efficiently by reducing the reinforcement or construction costs.

Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy, pilot schemes to promote and test it are already underway. Consumers are currently testing the new smart meters which can be used in their homes to manage electricity use. There are also a number of demonstrations being planned to show how the smart technology could practically work, and trials are in place to test the new electrical infrastructure. It is here where Smart Technology is likely to be promoted first, utilising a range of sustainable power sources, transport solutions and an infrastructure for charging electrically powered vehicles. The infrastructure is already changing fast.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Robots are useful for exploring and working in space. In particular, many robots have been sent to explore Mars. Such robots have usually looked like a box with wheels. Though these robots are useful, by their very nature they are unreliable, extremely expensive, and they break easily. Also, they cannot do very many tasks. Because of these problems, scientists have been developing a new and unusual kind of robot. These new robots move like snakes, so they have been given the name “snakebots.”

But how can such a robot shape be made? A snakebot is built like a chain made of about thirty parts, or modules. Each module is basically the same in that they all have a small computer and a wheel to aid movement. The large computer in the “head” of the snake makes all of the modules in a snakebot work together. The modular design of the snakebot has many advantages. If one module fails, another can be added easily. Snakebot modules can also carry different kinds of tools, as well as cameras. Since each module is actually a robot in itself, one module can work apart from the rest if necessary. That is, all the modules can separate and move on their own, and then later, reconnect back into a larger robot.

Overall, the snakebot design is much simpler than that of common robots. Thus, snakebots will be much less expensive to build. For example, a robot recently sent to Mars cost over a hundred million dollars, whereas snakebots can cost as little as a few hundred dollars.

With their versatility and affordability, snakebots seem to be the wave of the future, at least as far as space robots are concerned.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questionsfrom 23 to 30. 

Technology in Education

[I] Education, as a cornerstone of societal progress, has undergone significant transformations with the advent of technology. While traditional teaching methods relied heavily on direct teacher-student interactions, modern classrooms are now enriched with digital tools and platforms that facilitate an immersive learning experience. [II] However, the integration of technology into education brings both challenges and opportunities, necessitating a balanced approach to ensure equitable and effective learning outcomes for all students. [III]

[IV] One of the most notable benefits of technology in education is the accessibility it offers. Online learning platforms, such as Khan Academy and Coursera, enable learners to access quality education regardless of their geographical location. Additionally, adaptive learning technologies tailor educational content to suit individual students' needs, fostering a more personalized learning experience. Despite these advantages, over-reliance on technology can exacerbate inequalities, as not all students have equal access to devices and high-speed internet. This digital divide remains a pressing issue, particularly in underprivileged communities.

Furthermore, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has gained significant attention. AI-powered tools, such as virtual tutors and automated grading systems, have revolutionized the way students learn and teachers manage classrooms. For instance, chatbots can provide instant feedback to students, while data analytics help educators identify struggling learners and address their needs proactively. Nevertheless, critics argue that such innovations might reduce the importance of human interaction, which is crucial for developing critical thinking and emotional intelligence.

Finally, the effectiveness of technology in education hinges on proper implementation and training. Teachers must be adequately equipped to navigate digital tools and integrate them into their teaching practices. Moreover, fostering digital literacy among students is vital to ensure they can use these resources effectively and responsibly. As education systems worldwide embrace digital transformation, policymakers must prioritize inclusivity, ensuring that technological advancements benefit everyone.

The word their in paragraph 3 refers to:

Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. 

Nomophobia, short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," is a modern phenomenon that affects many people in today's digital age.

What is nomophobia? It is the irrational fear of being without one's mobile phone or being unable to use it. This condition can cause anxiety and distress, and it highlights the profound impact mobile devices have on our lives. The fear of losing or being separated from one's phone is a growing concern. Some common situations that trigger nomophobia include misplacing one's phone, running out of battery, or losing network signal. The fear intensifies when people imagine not having their phones to contact friends and family, access the internet, or use GPS for navigation.

Who easily suffers from nomophobia? Nomophobia is not limited to any age group and can affect individuals of all backgrounds. It often becomes evident when people experience panic or anxiety when they forget their phones at home or are unable to use them temporarily. Symptoms may include restlessness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a sense of insecurity.

The roots of nomophobia lie in the convenience and connectedness that mobile phones provide. These devices have become integral to our daily lives, serving as not just communication tools but also cameras, entertainment hubs, personal organizers, and more. This dependence on mobile phones can lead to a feeling of vulnerability when separated from them.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3.

Read the following passage about online learning and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

           Virtual assistants, AI-powered software applications, (18) ________. These tools experienced significant growth and gained widespread popularity in 2020. Designed to understand spoken or typed language, they represent (19) ________. Unlike basic software programs, virtual assistants can interact naturally with users, making them useful across various fields, from customer support to productivity enhancement.

           Powered by natural language processing (NLP), (20) ________. They analyze and interpret user inputs to provide relevant responses or perform tasks, learning and adapting based on user behavior over time. Thus, virtual assistants (21) ________ and continuously enhance the accuracy of their responses, are becoming increasingly significant on a global scale. Despite their benefits, these systems also have limitations, particularly in their responses to complex queries or emotionally sensitive topics, as they lack true human understanding.

           Recognizing these limitations, (22) ________. Many developers are focused on refining AI interactions to be more accurate and ethically sounD. As technology progresses, the integration of AI tools into human workflows is expected to become increasingly seamless. Virtual assistants may soon become even more integral to daily life, assisting with a broader range of personal and professional needs.