Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questionsfrom 23 to 30. 

Technology in Education

[I] Education, as a cornerstone of societal progress, has undergone significant transformations with the advent of technology. While traditional teaching methods relied heavily on direct teacher-student interactions, modern classrooms are now enriched with digital tools and platforms that facilitate an immersive learning experience. [II] However, the integration of technology into education brings both challenges and opportunities, necessitating a balanced approach to ensure equitable and effective learning outcomes for all students. [III]

[IV] One of the most notable benefits of technology in education is the accessibility it offers. Online learning platforms, such as Khan Academy and Coursera, enable learners to access quality education regardless of their geographical location. Additionally, adaptive learning technologies tailor educational content to suit individual students' needs, fostering a more personalized learning experience. Despite these advantages, over-reliance on technology can exacerbate inequalities, as not all students have equal access to devices and high-speed internet. This digital divide remains a pressing issue, particularly in underprivileged communities.

Furthermore, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has gained significant attention. AI-powered tools, such as virtual tutors and automated grading systems, have revolutionized the way students learn and teachers manage classrooms. For instance, chatbots can provide instant feedback to students, while data analytics help educators identify struggling learners and address their needs proactively. Nevertheless, critics argue that such innovations might reduce the importance of human interaction, which is crucial for developing critical thinking and emotional intelligence.

Finally, the effectiveness of technology in education hinges on proper implementation and training. Teachers must be adequately equipped to navigate digital tools and integrate them into their teaching practices. Moreover, fostering digital literacy among students is vital to ensure they can use these resources effectively and responsibly. As education systems worldwide embrace digital transformation, policymakers must prioritize inclusivity, ensuring that technological advancements benefit everyone.

The word integrate in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by:

Read the following leaflet/notice and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Balancing Work and Study: A Path to Success

Are you thinking about continuing your studies while working? It's not easy, but it's worth it!

Why Study While Working?

- (7) __________ Your Career: By applying what you learn to your job, you can improve your skills and advance professionally.

- Earn While You Learn: Continuing your education while working allows you (8) __________ your job and income while (9) __________ valuable qualifications.

Tips for Success:

- Stay Organized: Create a study (10) __________ that fits around your work.

- Set Small Goals: Break your tasks into (11) __________ manageable parts to avoid feeling overwhelmed.

- Take Breaks: Give yourself time to relax and recharge to stay motivated.

Remember: Balancing work and study can be challenging, but with good time management and determination, you can (12) __________ the demands of both. It's a great way to invest in your future while continuing to meet your current responsibilities!

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Experience the Future at the Robot Exhibition!

Get ready to immerse ___(1)___ the fascinating world of robotics! This extraordinary exhibition, ___(2)___, stunning designs, and interactive displays, is perfect for all ages. Explore various robots, ___(3)___ amazing capabilities, from performing delicate tasks to engaging in lively conversations. Busy ___(4)___ the innovations shaping our future, you’ll be captivated by the endless possibilities of automation. Don’t miss your chance to ___(5)___ a ticket to the exhibition and witness the latest advancements in robotics firsthand. Join us for an ___(6)___ experience that will inspire and educate. Get your tickets today and step into tomorrow!

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

The future of electric vehicles (EVs) is promising, as technological advancements and environmental concerns ___(18)___. As governments worldwide implement stricter emissions regulations and offer incentives for EV adoption, manufacturers are investing heavily in research and development. ___(19)___, resulting in longer ranges and faster charging times. For instance, new solid-state batteries have the potential to enhance energy density and safety, making EVs more practical for everyday use.

Additionally, the rise of autonomous driving technology is set to revolutionize the way we interact with vehicles. Many electric models are now equipped with advanced driver-assistance systems ___(20)___. Furthermore, the Integration of smart technology allows for seamless connectivity, enabling drivers to monitor their vehicle's performance and locate charging Stations through mobile apps.

As charging infrastructure continues to expand, ___(21)___, the convenience of owning an EV is increasing. This transition to electric vehicles not only promises a reduction in carbon emissions but also fosters a cleaner, healthier environment. Overall, ___(22)___ and sustainable transportation.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Coming from the Czech word 'robota',(18)______. In 1949, the British inventor William Grey Walter introduced the first machine (19)______. Ten years later, the first industrial robotic arm was installed at a General Motors plant in the US. Such robots are mostly used in car and computer industries.

The first robot to use Artificial Intelligence was known as Shakey. (20)______. Shakey could observe its surroundings, create a plan, and find its way across a room or push a box along the floor. Twenty years later, a walking robot called Dante, which was capable of climbing steep slopes, (21)______. The late 1990s marked a milestone in the history of robots when Kismet, a robotic head designed to provoke and react to emotions, was created.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, more robots have been created to improve our life. The first self-driving car was launched on 8 October 2005 when a Volkswagen Touareg named "Stanley' won a racing competition across the desert. In 2012, the AI expert Geoffrey Hinton and his team created the first accurate visual recognition system.

(22) ______. She can imitate human gestures and facial expressions and is able to answer certain questions and to make simple conversations.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Robots are useful for exploring and working in space. In particular, many robots have been sent to explore Mars. Such robots have usually looked like a box with wheels. Though these robots are useful, by their very nature they are unreliable, extremely expensive, and they break easily. Also, they cannot do very many tasks. Because of these problems, scientists have been developing a new and unusual kind of robot. These new robots move like snakes, so they have been given the name “snakebots.”

But how can such a robot shape be made? A snakebot is built like a chain made of about thirty parts, or modules. Each module is basically the same in that they all have a small computer and a wheel to aid movement. The large computer in the “head” of the snake makes all of the modules in a snakebot work together. The modular design of the snakebot has many advantages. If one module fails, another can be added easily. Snakebot modules can also carry different kinds of tools, as well as cameras. Since each module is actually a robot in itself, one module can work apart from the rest if necessary. That is, all the modules can separate and move on their own, and then later, reconnect back into a larger robot.

Overall, the snakebot design is much simpler than that of common robots. Thus, snakebots will be much less expensive to build. For example, a robot recently sent to Mars cost over a hundred million dollars, whereas snakebots can cost as little as a few hundred dollars.

With their versatility and affordability, snakebots seem to be the wave of the future, at least as far as space robots are concerned.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

         The future of electric vehicles (EVs) is promising, as technological advancements and environmental concerns (18) __________. As governments worldwide implement stricter emissions regulations and offer incentives for EV adoption, manufacturers are investing heavily in research and development. (19) __________, resulting in longer ranges and faster charging times.

For instance, new solid-state batteries have the potential to enhance energy density and safety, making EVs more practical for everyday use.

         Additionally, the rise of autonomous driving technology is set to revolutionize the way we interact with vehicles. Many electric models are now equipped with advanced driver-assistance systems (20) __________. Furthermore, the integration of smart technology allows for seamless connectivity, enabling drivers to monitor their vehicle's performance and locate charging stations through mobile apps.

         As charging infrastructure continues to expand, (21) __________, the convenience of owning an EV is increasing. This transition to electric vehicles not only promises a reduction in carbon emissions but also fosters a cleaner, healthier environment. Overall, (22) __________ and sustainable transportation.

Read the following asvertisment and mark the leeter A, B, C and D on your answer sheer to indeicate the option that best fit each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Step into Tomorrow with GREEN TECHNOLOGY – Where Science Meets Innovation!

Are you ready (1) _____ the endless possibilities of science and technology? At Green Technology, we're dedicated to revolutionizing the way you live, work, and play. Our cutting-edge innovations and solutions bring the exciting future into the dynamic present, making advanced technology even smarter, significantly faster, and (2) _____ . 

Why Choose Green Technology?

Leading-Edge Products: From AI-powered devices to advanced robotics, we provide you (3) ______  the tools to stay ahead of the curve.

Eco-Friendly Solutions: Harness technology that cares for the planet, with sustainable products (4) ______  to reduce your carbon footprint.

Secure & Reliable: Our experts ensure every solution is built on trust and security, so you can (5) ______ with confidence.

Join the Innovation Revolution

Visit Greentechnology.com today and discover how our products are (6) ______   the gap between science fiction and science reality. Let’s shape the future together—one breakthrough at a time!

Choose the correct answer to fill in the blank in each of the following questions.

Before making any changes, the school will __________ a survey to get feedback from students.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN SPORT

The first sports game was televised in the USA over fifty years ago. In the following decades, television provided coaches with a wealth of information to analyse. By viewing recordings,(18)______. Moreover, coaching staff could detect factors related to team or athlete performance. In fact,  most of this data consisted of bare statistics without meaningful context.(19)______.

AI involves developing computer systems capable of tasks linked to human intelligence, such as decision making. AI can analyse not only a player's actions but also their relation to the coach's directives and other players' actions. Sports scientists believe AI is revolutionizing coaching by identifying patterns of behavior in ways previously impossible.

There may be limitless ways (20)______, but practical applications are emerging. A recent experiment in the Spanish football league used AI to analyse the passing strategies of 20 teams. The research revealed that Barcelona and Real Madrid (21)______. However, the algorithm detected just 31 passing patterns by Atlético Madrid. All other plays were unique, and the team won the league that season. One conclusion is that teams with a less predictable style of play are harder to counter. (22)______. Furthermore, Dr. Johann Muller, a sports scientist, observed that teams prioritizing offence suffer more injuries.

Read the following passage about smart energy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

SMART ENERGY

The upcoming decades will bring significant changes in energy supply and consumption. As some major oil-producing countries have already reached 'peak oil' and concerns about global warming rise, many nations are prioritizing the transition to a low-carbon economy, which will transform electricity supply and usage. [I] Firstly, there will be an increase in overall demand, as consumers switch from oil and gas to electricity to power their homes and vehicles. [II] Secondly, there will be an increase in power generation, not only in terms of how much is generated, but also how it is generated, as there is growing electricity generation from renewable sources. [III] To meet these challenges, countries are investing in Smart Grid technology. [IV] This system aims to provide the electricity industry with a better understanding of power generation and demand, and to use this information to create a more efficient power network.

Smart meters can be integrated with the internet or telephone networks. This connectivity enables customers to control their appliances from a distance. For instance, individuals can turn devices on or off remotely, providing added convenience. Overall, the system offers significant benefits in managing energy usage. By analyzing real-time data, it allows for better decision-making. This technology not only improves efficiency but also supports cost savings. Ultimately, the integration of smart technology will enhance user experience and system management.

The coming decades will bring significant shifts in energy supply and usage. A problem is the fact that many renewable power generation sources are located in remote areas, such as windy uplands and coastal regions, where there is currently a lack of electrical infrastructure. New infrastructures therefore must be built. Thankfully, with improved smart technology, this can be done more efficiently by reducing the reinforcement or construction costs.

Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy, pilot schemes to promote and test it are already underway. Consumers are currently testing the new smart meters which can be used in their homes to manage electricity use. There are also a number of demonstrations being planned to show how the smart technology could practically work, and trials are in place to test the new electrical infrastructure. It is here where Smart Technology is likely to be promoted first, utilising a range of sustainable power sources, transport solutions and an infrastructure for charging electrically powered vehicles. The infrastructure is already changing fast.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

         The future of electric vehicles (EVs) is promising, as technological advancements and environmental concerns (18) __________. As governments worldwide implement stricter emissions regulations and offer incentives for EV adoption, manufacturers are investing heavily in research and development. (19) __________, resulting in longer ranges and faster charging times. For instance, new solid-state batteries have the potential to enhance energy density and safety, making EVs more practical for everyday use.

         Additionally, the rise of autonomous driving technology is set to revolutionize the way we interact with vehicles. Many electric models are now equipped with advanced driver-assistance systems (20) __________. Furthermore, the integration of smart technology allows for seamless connectivity, enabling drivers to monitor their vehicle's performance and locate charging stations through mobile apps.

         As charging infrastructure continues to expand, (21) __________, the convenience of owning an EV is increasing. This transition to electric vehicles not only promises a reduction in carbon emissions but also fosters a cleaner, healthier environment. Overall, (22) __________ and sustainable transportation.

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

         The future of electric vehicles (EVs) is promising, as technological advancements and environmental concerns (18) __________. As governments worldwide implement stricter emissions regulations and offer incentives for EV adoption, manufacturers are investing heavily in research and development. (19) __________, resulting in longer ranges and faster charging times.

For instance, new solid-state batteries have the potential to enhance energy density and safety, making EVs more practical for everyday use.

         Additionally, the rise of autonomous driving technology is set to revolutionize the way we interact with vehicles. Many electric models are now equipped with advanced driver-assistance systems (20) __________. Furthermore, the integration of smart technology allows for seamless connectivity, enabling drivers to monitor their vehicle's performance and locate charging stations through mobile apps.

         As charging infrastructure continues to expand, (21) __________, the convenience of owning an EV is increasing. This transition to electric vehicles not only promises a reduction in carbon emissions but also fosters a cleaner, healthier environment. Overall, (22) __________ and sustainable transportation.

Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not given (NG).

EDUCATION IN THE FUTURE

Education is another area of social life in which information technology is changing the way we communicate. Today's college students may not simply sit in a lecture or a library to learn about their field. Through their computers and the wonders of virtual reality they can participate in lifelike simulated experiences. Consider the following scenario of the future of education made possible through developments in information technology. For children over the age of 10, daily attendance at schools is not compulsory. Some of the older children attend school only once or twice weekly to get tutorial support or instruction from a teacher. For the most part, pupils are encouraged to work online from home. Students must complete a minimum number of study hours per year; however, they may make up these hours by studying at home at times that suit their family schedule. They can log on early or late in the day and even join live classes in other countries. In order to ensure that each student is learning adequately, computer software will automatically monitor the number of hours a week each student studies on-line as well as that students' learning materials and assessment activities. Reports will be available for parents and teachers. The software can then identify the best learning activities and condition for each individual student and generate similar activities. It can also identify areas of weak achievement and produce special programs adjusted to the students' needs.

Children over 10 years old must attend school every day. 

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B, Cor D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Ada Lovelace, born in London in 1815, is widely recognized as the world's first computer programmer. Despite the limited opportunities for women in science and mathematics during her time, Lovelace's intelligence and passion for math set her apart. Her mother, Anne Isabella Milbanke, encouraged her mathematical studies from a young age, in contrast to her father, the famous poet Lord Byron.

Lovelace's most significant contribution came from her collaboration with Charles Babbage, the inventor of an early mechanical computer called the Analytical Engine. In 1843, she translated an article about the machine written by an Italian engineer.

However, it was her own detailed notes added to the translation that made history. These notes, which were longer than the original article, included what is now considered the first algorithm designed to be executed by a machine. This made Lovelace the first person to recognize that computers could follow instructions to perform tasks beyond simple calculations.

What truly set Lovelace apart was her visionary thinking. While Babbage saw the Analytical Engine as a tool for calculations, Lovelace believed it could be used for much more. She imagined that computers could be programmed to create music, art, and more, long before the development of modern computers. Her forward- thinking ideas laid the foundation for the field of computer science and continue to influence technology today.

Which of the followings is TRUE about the impact of Ada Lovelace's work?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Robots are useful for exploring and working in space. In particular, many robots have been sent to explore Mars. Such robots have usually looked like a box with wheels. Though these robots are useful, by their very nature they are unreliable, extremely expensive, and they break easily. Also, they cannot do very many tasks. Because of these problems, scientists have been developing a new and unusual kind of robot. These new robots move like snakes, so they have been given the name “snakebots.”

But how can such a robot shape be made? A snakebot is built like a chain made of about thirty parts, or modules. Each module is basically the same in that they all have a small computer and a wheel to aid movement. The large computer in the “head” of the snake makes all of the modules in a snakebot work together. The modular design of the snakebot has many advantages. If one module fails, another can be added easily. Snakebot modules can also carry different kinds of tools, as well as cameras. Since each module is actually a robot in itself, one module can work apart from the rest if necessary. That is, all the modules can separate and move on their own, and then later, reconnect back into a larger robot.

Overall, the snakebot design is much simpler than that of common robots. Thus, snakebots will be much less expensive to build. For example, a robot recently sent to Mars cost over a hundred million dollars, whereas snakebots can cost as little as a few hundred dollars.

With their versatility and affordability, snakebots seem to be the wave of the future, at least as far as space robots are concerned.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the problems with traditional robots? 

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Humanoid robots, eminent characters in science fiction novels and sci-fi films, are becoming a reality. Sophia, as an example, (18) ______________. One month later, she had her premiere in Texas, USA, and has made multiple public appearances around the world since then. At one such event, Sophia was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship in October 2017 and even became the first Innovation Champion of the United Nations Development Programme later that year. During Sophia's trip to Vietnam in 2018, she addressed the Industry 4.0 Summit and Expo.

Sophia the Robot is the latest humanlike robot created by a Hong Kong-based company (19) ______________. Undoubtedly, Sophia together with other humanlike robots represents the rapid advancement in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence. (20) ______________.

Sophia's physical appearance is inspired by both the famous actress Audrey Hepburn and the creator's wife. (21) ______________. But what makes her more lifelike than other robots is the patented artificial skin called Frubber®, which has the feel and flexibility of human skin.

Sophia amazes the world with her ability to communicate naturally. The Sophia Intelligence Collective, which is a combination of Al and human input, and other sophisticated perception techniques enable Sophia to recognise human faces and identify human emotions and gestures. Equipped with machine learning algorithms, (22) ______________.

(Adapted from Friends Global)

Question 22: Equipped with machine learning algorithms, (22) ______________.

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Discover the Future of Tech with SmartGadgets

• Experience (1)___________like never before with our smartphones that redefine connectivity.

• Our (2)_____________ will enhance your daily life and keep you ahead of the curve.

• Join thousands of customers (3)________with their purchases and enjoy unparalleled performance.

• Show the features (4)_________ your customers that truly set you apart from the competition.

• Don’t miss out on this (5)_______-in-a-lifetime opportunity to upgrade your tech.

• Start (6)_________the benefits of advanced technology today, or wait for the future to catch up!

With SmartGadgets, you're not just purchasing a product; you're investing in a lifestyle. Explore our collection now!

Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not given (NG).

EDUCATION IN THE FUTURE

Education is another area of social life in which information technology is changing the way we communicate. Today's college students may not simply sit in a lecture or a library to learn about their field. Through their computers and the wonders of virtual reality they can participate in lifelike simulated experiences. Consider the following scenario of the future of education made possible through developments in information technology. For children over the age of 10, daily attendance at schools is not compulsory. Some of the older children attend school only once or twice weekly to get tutorial support or instruction from a teacher. For the most part, pupils are encouraged to work online from home. Students must complete a minimum number of study hours per year; however, they may make up these hours by studying at home at times that suit their family schedule. They can log on early or late in the day and even join live classes in other countries. In order to ensure that each student is learning adequately, computer software will automatically monitor the number of hours a week each student studies on-line as well as that students' learning materials and assessment activities. Reports will be available for parents and teachers. The software can then identify the best learning activities and condition for each individual student and generate similar activities. It can also identify areas of weak achievement and produce special programs adjusted to the students' needs.

Teachers can track students' online study hours using software.